U-Alpha Centauri Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Rigel Kentaurus, iyisistimu yenkanyezi eseduze kakhulu neLanga, etholakala cishe ku-4,37 light years away, okusho ukuthi, cishe amakhilomitha ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-41,3. Iwuhlelo lwezinkanyezi ezi-3 ezihambisana namandla adonsela phansi. Isistimu kanambambili yezinkanyezi ezungeza isikhungo sesisindo, u-Alpha Centauri A no-Alpha Centauri B, kanye nenkanyezi yesithathu ebomvu ebomvu, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Proxima Centauri, ezungeza eduze kwezinkanyezi ezimbili u-Alpha Centauri A no-B.
Kubhekwa kusukela emlandweni njenge-a ehlukile inkanyezi futhi ngesigaba esikhulu sezinganekwane, okukhazimula kakhulu komlaza weCentaurus, okubonwa ngaphandle kosizo lwesibonakude, empeleni, ukusetshenziswa kwezinkanyezi ezimbili ezikhazimulayo ezivela ohlelweni lwesithathu. Kwakuyisazi sezinkanyezi saseFrance uNicolas Louis de Lacaille owaveza ngo-1752 ukuthi u-Alpha Centauri uyinkanyezi enezici ezimbili. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nalezi zinkanyezi nokucushwa kwazo, ungathintana nomhlahlandlela wethu ku inkanyezi ekabili.
Uhlelo futhi luhlanganisa okungenani ezimbili amaplanethi yobukhulu bomhlaba u-Alpha Centauri Bb, ngokusondelana kuka-113% wobunzima boMhlaba, ozungeza i-Alpha Centauri B, enezinga lezinsuku ezingu-3,236 kanye ne-Proxima Centauri b, ezungeza i-Proxima Centauri. Izungeza phakathi kwamakhilomitha ayizigidi eziyisi-6 ukusuka enkanyezini, u-1 noma u-4% wendlela esuka eMhlabeni iye eLangeni, iplanethi inezinga lokushisa elilinganiselwe elingaphezu kuka-1500 K (cishe 1200 °C).
Ukuze kuphenywe abanye amaplanethi ohlelweni, isibonakude se-cosmic se-ACESat siyasebenza. Uma ufuna ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nendawo yalesi simiso, vakashela isihloko esithi Ibanga lika-Alpha Centauri ukusuka eMhlabeni.
Ngokufanayo, u-Alpha Centauri A uyinkanyezi ephuzi efana kakhulu neLanga, kanti u-Alpha Centauri B uyinkanyezi ewolintshi yohlobo luka-K. Laba bobabili bayadansa ngesikhathi esiyiminyaka engaba ngu-80. Ngokuhamba kwe-orbital yeminyaka engama-79,91, izakhi A no-B zalolu hlelo kanambambili zisondelana ku-minuscule 11,2 Amayunithi asezulwini, okuyinani elilinganiselwa kumakhilomitha ayizigidi eziyi-1670 noma ibanga elimaphakathi phakathi kweLanga neSaturn.
Ukuba yindlela ephezulu phakathi kwakho kokubili izinkanyezi 35,6 AU (5300 billion wamakhilomitha, ibanga elifushane phakathi kweLanga nePluto). Njengoba ziye zalingisa izixuku, zizungeza iphuzu emkhathini elicishe lilingane, elibizwa ngokuthi isikhungo sobuningi. Ngomongo wezinkanyezi nezici zazo, sincoma ukuthi ufunde mayelana izinkanyezi eziyisici.
Inkanyezi yesithathu U-Proxima Centauri, okungase kuhambisane nalezi ezimbili zangaphambili emzileni omude kakhulu, endaweni enkulu enobukhazikhazi kangangokuthi kubangwa ukuthi ingabe ixhumene ngempela yini nohlelo; Nokho, zontathu izinkanyezi zine-parallax efanayo kanye nezamanje. Ineplanethi enamatshe emzileni wayo oseduze, i-Proxima Centauri b, enethuba lokusingatha amanzi awuketshezi.
Izinhlobo ezi-2 ze-Alpha Centauri
Izinhlobo ezi-2 ze-Alpha Centauri
ezinye izinhlobo ze ama-alphas Yilezi:
Alpha Centauri A
U-Alpha Centauri A ungumbungazi ovelele inkanyezi into ekhanyayo, enkulu futhi endala kuneLanga, yohlobo olumnyama olufana kakhulu nalo. Ihlukaniswa ngokuthi imfiva ephuzi. Ngokusekelwe ezilinganisweni eziyindilinga ezisungulwe ngokuhlanganyela, i-Alpha Centauri A inamandla angu-10% kuneLanga, enendawo engaba ngu-23% enkulu. Izinga lokujikeleza elihleliwe lale nkanyezi licishe libe ngu-2,7 ± 0,7 km/s, okuholela esilinganisweni sesikhathi sokujikeleza esiyizinsuku ezingama-22, okukunikeza isikhathi esishesha kancane sokubuya eLangeni kunezinsuku ezingama-25.
U-Alpha Centauri B
U-Alpha Centauri B iyinkanyezi eyinhloko ewuchungechunge ewolintshi exhunyaniswe no-Alpha Centauri A. Iminyaka yayo ifana kakhulu nekazakwabo, okusiholela ekuqageleni ukuthi zombili lezi zinkanyezi sezivele zahluma ndawonye. Ihlukaniswa njenge-orange dwarf.
Ukucushwa kwalolu hlelo nokuqhathaniswa kwalo nezinye kungase kuthakasele kulabo abahlola i- imilaza yesimo.
Uhlelo lweplanethi
Ngomhla ziyi-16 kuMfumfu wezi-2012, i-European Southern Observatory (ESO) yabika ukudalulwa kweplanethi eyi-extrasolar emzileni oseduze. U-Alpha Centauri B, eyathatha igama elithi Alpha Centauri Bb. Kutholwe kusetshenziswa i-HARPS enembe kakhulu ye-Échelle spectrograph e-La Silla Observatory e-Chile.
Ngesisindo esilinganiselwe esifana naleso se Umhlaba, izungeza inkanyezi yayo ebangeni elingaba amakhilomitha ayizigidi eziyisithupha futhi yenza uhambo lokuzungeza inkanyezi yayo cishe njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-3,2. Lokhu kutholakala kubalulekile, hhayi nje ngenxa yokuncipha kwesisindo seplanethi, kodwa futhi ngoba le exoplanet kucatshangwa ukuthi iseduze kakhulu nesimiso sonozungezilanga ezingaphezu kuka-820 ezitholakele. Uma kubhekwa ukusondela kwayo, ibalulekile ezifundweni ezimayelana I-biography ka-Isaac Asimov kanye nethonya layo ezinganekwaneni zesayensi.
Indawo ebuyiseleka kanzima, njengoba isistimu ephindwe kathathu ye-Alpha Centauri iseduze kakhulu neLanga lethu. Ngokufanayo, njengoba amasistimu anamaplanethi alolu hlobo ephinda anengaphezu kweyodwa yawo, ukuphilisana okusebenzayo kwezinkanyezi eziningi zama-analogue akuhlukanisiwe emigudwini eminingi. buqamama ne inkanyezi ephakathi, nakuba kuseyizindla kuphela.
Inkanyezi Ebusayo: IKUSASA ENGAQINISEKILE NOMA UKUQALA KWEMPILO ENTSHA?
Ikhandidethi Yeplanethi
Izilinganiso ezintsha zibonise ukuthi kungenzeka ukubonakala kwe-exoplanet ku-orbit ye-Alpha Centauri B, nokho, ayikakaqinisekiswa. Iplanethi izoba endaweni engaba ngu-4,4 weminyaka yokukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni futhi ngeke ibe khona endaweni efanele. Yabonwa okokuqala ngo-2013, futhi kwakuyi-exoplanet yesibili ukutholwa ohlelweni, ngemuva kuka-Alpha Centauri Bb. Izoba nesigaba se-orbital cishe izinsuku eziyi-12 zoMhlaba, ezincane kakhulu kune-Mercury.
U-Proxima Centauri
Ibomvu gebhu enokuhlukaniswa okuncane kokukhanya kweLanga lethu. Njengamanje, icishe ibe ngu-13 AU ohlelweni lwe-Alpha Centauri A+B, futhi ngenhlanhla, ukugxila kwe-orbital libhekene nathi, okwenza kube, ngalo mzuzu, inkanyezi eseduze kakhulu nesimiso sonozungezilanga, ebangeni elingaba ngu-4,2 light years. Ososayensi bayinikeza iminyaka yobudala mhlawumbe eyizigidi eziyinkulungwane.
Mhlawumbe U-Proxima Centauri Ekuqaleni yayingeyona ingxenye yesimiso futhi yaboshwa isikhashana abanye ababili. Ayikho idatha ye-orbital okuxoxwa ngayo, kuphela ukuthi cishe izungeza eduze ne-Alpha Centauri A+B ngesikhathi esiyiminyaka engaba ngu-500 noma ngaphezulu. Angase aphelelwe ngisho ohlelweni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokufanayo, iyinkanyezi ekhanyayo, futhi ngenxa yalokho ithatha igama lenkanyezi eguquguqukayo i-V000 Centauri.
ubukhona bamaplanethi
Kwaphela isikhathi eside kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ukudalwa kwamaplanethi kungenzeka kulesi simiso, noma kunjalo, kuze kube ngu-2012 kwakungekho idatha ebukhoneni babo. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi uma kwakukhona amaplanethi, ayezotholakala ngendlela evimbela kakhulu, kusukela amandla adonsela phansi enkanyezi eseduze yayizodiliza ngokushesha izindlela zabo.
Ngokuqondile, ukubheka isimo se- imizila iqinile ohlelweni lwe-Alpha Centauri Kuyinkinga engenasisekelo esimaphakathi, njengoba umuntu kufanele afunde ngemiphumela yamandla adonsela phansi emizimbeni emithathu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngomongo wokwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zamaplanethi, ungafunda kabanzi mayelana kungani izinkanyezi ezinomsila zikhanya.
Kodwa-ke, uphenyo olwenziwa ekulingiseni lubonakala lukhombisa ukuthi zihlala emizileni ezinzile efinyelela cishe ku-2 AU uma iplanethi zungeza enye yezinkanyezi zokuqala endizeni efanayo lapho ziginqa khona, futhi kuphela kuze kufike ku-0,23 AU emigudwini evamile; futhi isuka ku-70 AU uma izungeza kokubili ngesikhathi esisodwa; amaplanethi angaba nemizila ezinzile ngaphansi kwalezi zimo okungenani phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwawo.
Sengiphetha, kufanele sifunde ngokucophelela i-Alpha Centauri kanye nocwaningo lwayo mayelana ne ukwakheka okusha iplanethi.