Un I-Exoplanet akusoze kwatholakala ngaphakathi kweSolar System yethu, ngoba empeleni, yilokho lokhu kuhlukaniswa okumayelana. I-Exoplanet ibizwa nangokuthi iplanethi ye-extrasolar. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kufana namaplanethi asendaweni ezungezile ngaphandle kweLanga.
Okusho ukuthi i-orbit yayo iyinkanyezi ehlukile futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu ayiyona eyeSolar System. Amaplanethi e-Extrasolar abe yisihloko ucwaningo lwesayensi phakathi nekhulu lama-XNUMX.
Ungase ube nentshisekelo yokufunda: AMAPLANETHI angu-4 OHLELO LWESALA ANEZINdandatho ZEPLANETHI
Ngaphambilini, phakathi kophenyo, izazi zezinkanyezi zazize ukuzocabanga mayelana ukuba khona kwama-exoplanets. Nokho, babengenazo izindlela zobuchwepheshe zokubabona. Kwaze kwafika ngo-1992 lapho kwaqoshwa khona ukutholwa kokuqala okuqinisekisiwe.
Ngakho-ke kutholakala amaplanethi amaningana asemhlabeni azungeza i-Lich pulsar. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ukutholwa kokuqala okuqinisekisiwe kwe-Exoplanet ezungeza inkanyezi elandelanayo eyinhloko ngegama elithi I-Dimidius. Kwenziwa ngonyaka ka-1995, ikakhulukazi izazi zezinkanyezi uMichel Mayor noDidier Queloz. Kwakusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lapho inani lokutholwa kwezinkanyezi liye landa unyaka nonyaka.
Kuze kube manje, ngokusho amarekhodi enziwe ngu NASA, kutholwe izimiso zamaplanethi angu-2748. Lezi zinhlelo ziqukethe ingqikithi yamaplanethi angama-3668. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, i-6163 yalezi zinhlelo ziningi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaplanethi angu-125 angaphezulu kuka-13 MJ (1 MJ isisindo seJupiter). Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, cishe bangama-brown dwarfs.
isistimu ye-extrasolar
Esethu Uhlelo lomkhathi Yakhiwe ngamaplanethi angu-8 esiwazi kahle: iMercury, iMars, uMhlaba, iVenus, iJupiter, iSaturn, i-Uranus neNeptune. Lawo amaplanethi akha iSolar System yethu. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kuchaziwe kulesi sihloko, kukhona nama-exoplanet futhi ukuze bangene esigabeni samaplanethi, awakwazi ukuba izindikimba zasezulwini ezihamba ngokukhululekile emkhathini.
Okwamanje kuyachazwa iplanethi yesikhathi, njengendikimba yasezulwini ezungeza inkanyezi. Nakuba ezingeni lesayensi yezinkanyezi kungenzeka kube khona izindikimba zamaplanethi ezingaxhunywanga namandla adonsela phansi kwanoma iyiphi inkanyezi akulahlwanga. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi imizimba enjalo ibingaxoshwa ohlelweni eyakhiwe ngalo. Nokho, la maplanethi anelinye igama ezincwadini zesayensi. Ngalo mqondo bavame ukubizwa ngokuthi amaplanethi azulazulayo noma amaplanethi aphakathi kwezinkanyezi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, osekuhlolisisiwe kuze kube manje ukuthi yonke iplanethi yazalelwa emzileni ozungeze inkanyezi. Yilokhu okwenza amasistimu. Mayelana nalabo abangenalo iLanga njengenkanyezi yabo, babizwa isistimu ye-extrasolar. Isistimu yokuqala ye-extrasolar etholwe eneplanethi engaphezu kweyodwa kwakuyi-Upsilon Andromedae.
Ngemva kwalokho, ikakhulukazi ngoJuni 2010, i-NASA yamemezela ukuthi i-Kepler probe. Lokhu kwafakwa emzileni ngoMashi 2009. Iphinde yathola izimpawu zama-exoplanets amasha angama-706 ezinsukwini zayo zokuqala ezingama-43 zokusebenza.
Kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukubaluleka kwama-exoplanets amasha angama-706 atholiwe. Ezingu-400 zazo zinezilinganiso ezicishe zifane nezeNeptune kanye noMhlaba. Ngokwalokho okwashicilelwa ngo-2011, cishe amaplanethi atholakele angama-60 afana ngosayizi weplanethi yethu enguMhlaba. Kungaba kabili futhi usayizi womhlaba, noma ngaphansi.
I-exoplanet okuqinisekisiwe ukuthi ifana kakhulu noMhlaba kuze kube nguJanuwari 2015, yatholwa izungeza endaweni okuhlalwa kuyo, enegama elithi UKepler-438b.
Inani lezinkanyezi ezinama-exoplanets
Ibanga lapho ama-exoplanets amaningi atholakala khona cishe iminyaka engu-300 yokukhanya ukusuka kusistimu yelanga, cishe. Izinhlelo zokusesha iplanethi zibonisa ukuthi ngocwaningo, bathole amaplanethi azungeza ingxenye enkulu yezinkanyezi ukuthi bafundile. Nokho, ingqikithi yengxenyana yezinkanyezi ezinamaplanethi ayaziwa, njengoba kunemiphumela ethile yokuqaphela.
Ngalo mqondo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kunezindlela ezimbili eziye zaba nesibopho sokuthola okuningi. Lena indlela yesivinini se-radial kanye nendlela yezokuthutha: lawa masu azwela kakhulu kuwo amaplanethi amakhulu emigudwini emincane. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ama-exoplanets amaningi awaziwayo afana kakhulu neplanethi iJupiter, kodwa ashisayo.
Kufanele futhi ufunde: IZIMPAWU EZIYI-14 ZEPLANETHI YEMERCURY EZOKUTHUMELA
Aqhathaniswa neJupiter, njengoba isisindo siseduze neJupiter. Nakuba ku-orbits encane kakhulu kanye nezikhathi zezinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela. Manje sekuyaziwa ukuthi phakathi kuka-1% no-1.5%. izinkanyezi njengelanga Banalezi zinhlobo zamaplanethi. Uma kunjalo inkanyezi efana neLanga ibhekisela kunoma iyiphi inkanyezi eyinhloko elandelanayo. Lawa ngamakilasi e-spectral F, G noma K ngaphandle komngane oseduze we-stellar.
Kusukela ngesikhathi kutholakala ama-exoplanets noma amaplanethi angaphandle, isithakazelo sokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ukuphila kwasemhlabeni kukhona ngempela siye sakhula. Futhi ngokwalokho osekuhlolisisiwe, kulinganiselwa futhi ukuthi phakathi kuka-3% no-4.5% wezinkanyezi ezifana neLanga zineplanethi enkulukazi. Lezi zinenkathi ye-orbital yezinsuku eziyi-100 noma ngaphansi. Lapho “iplanethi enkulukazi” isho iplanethi enezixuku okungenani ezingamashumi amathathu zeplanethi yethu enguMhlaba.
Isistimu ye-Extrasolar ku-Milky Way
Into enzima kakhulu ukulinganisa kuze kube yilolu suku ukucacisa inani lezinkanyezi. Lawa anamaplanethi amancane noma akude kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusebenzisa umbandela owaziwayo ngamaplanethi angabonwa, imiphumela iphakamisa ukuthi amaplanethi amancane anesisindo esifana nesoMhlaba avame kakhulu kunamaplanethi amakhulu. Kubonakala futhi ukuthi amaplanethi asemigudwini emikhulu angase avame kakhulu kunalawo azungeza inkanyezi emigudwini emincane.
Ukuqhathanisa okunjalo ngesinye esilinganisela ukuthi mhlawumbe u-20% wezinkanyezi ezinjengeLanga zinenye okungenani iplanethi enkulu. Nakuba okungenani u-40% angase abe namaplanethi angaphansi komhlaba. Nokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye eqondile yezinkanyezi ezinamaplanethi, inani eliphelele lama-exoplanet kufanele libe likhulu impela. Eqinisweni, emthaleni wethu i-Milky Way, kuye kwatholakala ukuthi kunezinkanyezi eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu.
Lokhu kubonisa ngokufinyezwa kwesayensi ukuthi izinkanyezi ezinjalo kufanele futhi zibe nezinkulungwane zezigidi zamaplanethi, uma kungewona amakhulu ezinkulungwane zezigidi, azungeza imigudu yazo. NgoJanuwari 2013, izazi zezinkanyezi e-Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics zasebenzisa idatha evela ku-Kepler ukuze zilinganisele ukuthi okungenani ama-exoplanet angamabhiliyoni angu-17 anosayizi womhlaba ahlala emhlabeni wethu. IMilky Way.
Ngemuva kwalolu phenyo, lwenyanga kaNovemba 2014, idatha entsha yakhuphula izilinganiso kuma-exoplanets asemhlabeni ayizigidi ezingama-40.000 azungeza izinkanyezi zawo emhlabeni. indawo okuhlalwa kuyo ukuthi kunezigidi ezingu-11 zazo ezizungeza imizimba yezinkanyezi efana neLanga.
imidondoshiya yegesi
Kuze kube manje kuyaziwa ukuthi i-Kepler-438b inenkomba yokufana noMhlaba ka-88%. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-KOI-4878.01, ephinde ibe ikhandidethi leplanethi, ine-IST ephakeme (98%). Kodwa-ke, lesi sakamuva asikaqinisekisi ubukhona baso kuze kube manje, kodwa uma siqinisekiswa kungenzeka esifana neplanethi yethu enguMhlaba.
Nokho, kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngenxa yokuqapha okuqhubekayo okwenziwa yi- izazi zezinkanyezi kanye nezazi, kwakunqunyiwe ukuthi iningi lamaplanethi aziwa nge-extrasolar angama-gas giants. Ngokwezincazelo, la maplanethi alingana noma amakhulu kakhulu kuneplanethi iJupiter.
Umehluko ukuthi la maplanethi ahlala emizileni eseduze kakhulu nenkanyezi yawo futhi anezikhathi ezimfushane kakhulu ze-orbital. Futhi njengoba besondelene kakhulu nenkanyezi yabo, baziwa nangokuthi ama-jupiter ashisayo.
Mhlawumbe ufuna ukufunda: 9 IZIMPAWU ZEPLANETHI YEJUPITER EKHANGEKA KAKHULU
Isizathu sokuthi kucatshangwa ukuthi i-Exoplanet ngayinye etholiwe izoba yisiqhwaga segesi, kungase kube yingoba izindlela zamanje zokuhlonza zikwazi ukuthola amaplanethi nezindikimba zasezulwini zalolu hlobo kalula kakhulu amaplanethi amancane asemhlabeni.
Nokho, ama-exoplanets afana newethu aseqala ukutholwa. Okuthile okufana nalokhu okukhulunywe ngenhla. Konke ngokuya kweqiniso lokuthi amandla okubona kanye nesikhathi sokufunda kuyanda.
