Iziqhingi zaseGalapagos zidume ngempilo yazo ehlukile yezezitshalo kanye nenani elikhulu lezinhlobo zezilwane ezitholakala kwenye indawo emhlabeni. Qhubeka ufunda lesi sihloko ukuze ufunde konke mayelana okuhle i-galapagos flora, kanye nezinhlobo zayo zezilwane, izici nezindawo zalesi siqhingi nokunye okuningi.
Leli qoqo leziqhingi liyikhaya le-ecosystem eyinkimbinkimbi enomlando othakazelisayo wokwakheka komhlaba, kanye nezibonelo eziyingqayizivele zempilo yezitshalo nezilwane. I izitshalo nezilwane zase-ecuador zashukumisela usosayensi nesazi sezinto eziphilayo esidumile uCharles Darwin ukuba akhe umbono wakhe wokuziphendukela kwemvelo futhi izinkulungwane zezivakashi nososayensi zithutheleka eziqhingini unyaka ngamunye ukuze ziqhubeke nokufunda ngezilwane zasendle.
Iziqhingi zavela ekujuleni kolwandle njengeziphepho ezimangalisayo zentaba-mlilo. Sekukonke, leli qoqo leziqhingi lineziqhingi eziyi-19 kanye nenqwaba yeziqhingi namadwala anendawo enkulu engamakhilomitha angama-45,000 okunwetshwa kolwandle. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezilwane ezidla ezinye zemvelo, izilwane zasendle kulokhu isifunda esingajwayelekile noma i-galapagos alisabi abantu, okwenza iziqhingi zibe ezinye zezimangaliso ezinkulu zomhlaba kanye nendawo enomlingo emangalisayo ongavakashelwa kuyo.
Yiziphi izici ze-Galapagos Islands?
Bayingxenye yezwe lase-Ecuador futhi basogwini lolwandle iPacific. Akhiwe ngaphezu kwe-1000 km ukusuka ezweni laseNingizimu Melika (ebizwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi i-Aripiélago de Colón) ayisifunda esiguquguqukayo esishintsha njalo ngokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo, ukwakhiwa kwamasimu amasha odaka kanye nokuguguleka nokwanda kweziqhingi. Lezi ziqhingi zitholakala endaweni engamakhilomitha angu-600 ukusuka ogwini lwase-Ecuador, ezakhiwe iziqhingi ezingu-61 neziqhingi ezineziqhingi eziyinhloko ezingu-19.
Ibukeka njengethunzi olwandle, iziqhingi ezinkulu yilezi:
- Marchene.
- I-Pinta.
- I-Finch.
- I-Baltra.
- San Cristobal.
- USanta Cruz.
- UFlorean.
- I-Genoese.
- Isabella.
- USanta Fe.
- ISpanishi.
- UFernandina.
- USantiago.
Sekukonke indawo yomhlaba, iziqhingi zithatha amakhilomitha-skwele ayi-7880 futhi endaweni ephelele ukusuka e-Darwin Island kuya eSan Cristóbal nase-Española, amakhilomitha-skwele angama-45,000.
Isiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke i-Isabela, esinamakhilomitha-skwele angu-4855 futhi nakuba simele cishe ingxenye yezwe lalesi siqhingi, sisengaphansi kwesigamu sobukhulu besiqhingi saseHawaii. Intaba-mlilo yayo enkulu kunazo zonke, i-Wolf Volcano, inokuphakama okungamamitha angu-5600, okuyenza ibe indawo ephakeme kakhulu eziqhingini.
Nakuba zisendaweni eshisayo, lezi ziqhingi azinawo amahlathi aluhlaza. Lezi ziqhingi zisendleleni yemisinga yolwandle emithathu emikhulu ephambanayo: I-Peru Current iletha amanzi abandayo evela e-Antarctica; iPanama Current ifudumele futhi ivela enyakatho, kanti iCromwell Current iletha amanzi abandayo, ajulile phezulu. Amanzi apholile agcina isimo sezulu sisesilinganisweni futhi somile.
Iziqhingi zithola izinkathi ezimbili ngonyaka. Isikhathi esomile sisuka kuJulayi kuya kuZibandlela, lapho izinga lokushisa libalelwa ku-21 degrees Celsius futhi imvula ine isilinganiso esingaphezudlwana kwesentimitha inyanga ngayinye.
Phakathi nenkathi eyomile, inkungu ivame ukutholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme, kodwa kunemvula encane. Isikhathi esishisayo sisuka kuMasingana kuya kuJuni, lapho izinga lokushisa lisukela ku-25 kuya ku-35 degrees Celsius futhi imvula ifinyelela ngaphezudlwana kwamasentimitha angu-2,5 ngenyanga. UMashi no-April ngokuvamile yizinyanga ezimanzi kakhulu ezithola imvula engu-4 kuya ku-5 cm, izikhukhula eziningi zigeleza emadwaleni nasemhlabathini wentaba-mlilo.
Izindawo ze-Galapagos Islands
Kunezindawo ezintathu eziyinhloko zohlaza kuleli qoqo leziqhingi: izindawo eziphakeme ezingasogwini, ezomile nezinomswakama.
indawo esogwini
Le ndawo ilandela usebe lweziqhingi kanye nezihlahla zomhlume ezikhula lapho zinikeza indawo yokukhosela kanye nezindawo zokuzalanisa izinyoni eziningi, oxamu, amabhubesi olwandle nezimfudu. Izimpande zezihlahla zinikeza indawo yokuhlala evikelekile yezilwane zasolwandle njengama-barnacle, ama-mollusk nezinhlanzi ezincane. Ezinye izitshalo ezimila kule ndawo zihlanganisa isihlahla sikasawoti kanye nensimbi yolwandle.
indawo eyomile
Lena indawo enkulu kunazo zonke eziqhingini futhi iqukethe izitshalo eziningi ezivame ukutholakala ogwadule, njenge-cacti, ama-succulents, nezihlahlana ezingenamaqabunga. Le ndawo isukela eduze nogu iye cishe ngamamitha angu-200 ukuphakama.
indawo yoguquko
Le ndawo iphakathi kwendawo yangaphambili kanye nezintaba ezinomswakama. Inezici zazo zombili izindawo ezomile nezinomswakama, ezinohlaza oluminyene oluthotshwe amasimu amancane nezihlahla ezinezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-fern.
Iziqhingi zaseGalapagos ziyiziqhingi ezinezintaba-mlilo eziseNazca Plate, egeleza empumalanga-eningizimu-mpumalanga, ibheke emazweni aseNingizimu Melika. Ukuhlangana kwamapuleti amabili e-tectonic kuye kwabangela ukuba ipuleti le-oceanic licindezeleke ngaphansi kwelinye ipuleti. Njengoba ipuleti leNazca lishelela ngaphansi kwepuleti laseNingizimu Melika. Ngenxa yalokho, kwasungulwa i-Cordillera de los Andes.
Lapho lonke leli cwecwe lidlula endaweni evuthayo ye-archipelago, indawo lapho udaka ludabula khona uqweqwe, izintaba-mlilo zaqhuma futhi, ekugcineni, kwakhiwa iziQhingi zalo lonke leli qoqo leziqhingi.
I-Galapagos Flora
Lapho abantu abaningi becabanga ngeziQhingi zaseGalapagos, ngokuqondakalayo babona ngeso lengqondo ukuphila kwayo kwezilwane okuphawulekayo nezingokomfanekiso; izimfudu ezinkulu ezisindayo, oxam basolwandle ababukeka njengangaphambi komlando, amabhobo amahle anezinyawo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka phakathi kwabanye. Kodwa impilo yezitshalo ze-Galapagos iyamangalisa futhi ngokusobala iyisici esibaluleke kakhulu ku-ecosystem eyingqayizivele yeziqhingi.
Iziqhingi zaseGalapagos zaziwa emhlabeni wonke ngezilwane zasendle ezimangalisayo kanye nomlando wokuma kwezwe. Nokho, kuncane okwaziwayo mayelana nezitshalo zakule ndawo. Nakuba ukuphila plant of the isifunda esingajwayelekile noma i-galapagos iyivelakancane futhi ibanzi njengempilo yezilwane, ithole ukuchayeka nokunakwa okuncane kakhulu. Izitshalo zalezi ziqhingi ziyamangalisa ngayo yonke indlela.
izinhlobo ezingapheli
Izitshalo ezingaba ngu-700 zitholakala kulezi ziqhingi futhi okungenani u-35% wazo utholakala kuphela, okusho ukuthi azitholakali kwenye indawo emhlabeni. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezitshalo ezingabonakala eziqhingini ezishiwo kuye ngendawo okuhanjelwa kuyo. Okubhalwe ngezansi ezinye zezinhlobo ezigqama kakhulu nezindawo okungenzeka ukuthi uzithole.
- Pega pega
Isihlahla esikhulu esivela esiqhingini sase-Santa Cruz esingakhula sibe ngamamitha angu-17 ukuphakama. Igama layo elithi "Pega Pega" libangelwa ukuthi izithelo zayo zinamathele, isici esisiza izinyoni ukuba zihlakaze imbewu yazo. Izimbali zawo zimise okweqoqo futhi kunzima ukuzibona.
- i-floreana flax
Ekuqaleni yayaziwa kusukela kuma-craters amabili e-Floreana Island. Isibalo sabantu sihlanganisa izitshalo eziphakathi kuka-60 nezingama-450, ezishintshashintsha unyaka nonyaka. Izinto ezisabisayo aziqondakali kahle kodwa zihlanganisa umonakalo ovela ezimbuzini kanye nokuhlasela nge ikhamera ye-lantana. Ingxenye yendawo ivikelwe ngothango, kodwa ngezikhathi ezithile izimbuzi ziyakwazi ukungena.
- Ukotini kaDarwin
Isihlahla esingcolile esinamaqabunga amise okwezandla eziqwini ezibomvu. Izimbali ezinkulu eziphuzi ezinamachashaza abomvu njengegazi phakathi nendawo zifana ne-hibiscus futhi zikhona unyaka wonke. Izithelo zimbozwe nge-cottony fluff.
Ingatholakala eziqhingini ezimbalwa ezakha leli qoqo leziqhingi. Leli qembu lingakwazi ukukala amamitha angu-5 ubude. Izimbali zawo zibukhwebezane ngokugqamile futhi ziphuzi. Ukotini wawo usetshenziswa izinyoni ukuze zakhe izidleke zazo, sona leso esiphuma lapho imbewu yayo ivulwa.
- Utamatisi we-Galapagos
Zinezithelo ezincane ezisawolintshi neziphuzi ongazithola zikhula ezindaweni ezingenabungane ngempela, kuhlanganise namasimu odaka oluqatshulwa ilanga kanye nogu olunosawoti omningi. Ukuqina kwabo okungavamile kuye kwabenza baba isitshalo esiwusizo kubalimi bakatamatisi, abawusebenzisela ukuthuthukisa usawoti kanye nokubekezelela isomiso ezinhlotsheni ezitshalwayo.
Inamagatsha anezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zama-bristles amafushane, atholakala kalula ezingadini ezisendaweni eyomile, i-metamorphosis kanye ne-scalesia yase-Santa Cruz ne-San Cristóbal Islands.
- i-prickly pear cactus
Isitshalo esikhulu kunazo zonke nesiningi kakhulu esitholakala e-Archipelago futhi siyisibonelo esihle sokukhishwa kwe-adaptive. Inezinhlobo eziningana ezingenakuqhathaniswa eGalapagos. I-Galapagos cacti ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo eziyishumi nane futhi itholakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezomile eduze nogu.
Lolu hlobo luyisibonelo sokuhlala kwezinhlobo zezitshalo, njengoba selunikeze izinhlobo eziyisithupha ezithi, nazo, zihlukaniswe zibe yi-subspecies engu-15. Izinto ezimbili eziphawuleka kakhulu ngalesi sitshalo yisiqu saso esigcwele ameva kanye nokungavamile kwaso ukuthi izimbali zaso zishintshashintsha zibe inhlaka zibebomvu ngokusawolintshi ngendlela yeva ukuze zivikele isithelo saso.
- I-Lava Cacti
Lokhu kuthathwa ngokuthi "iphayona" noma isitshalo se-colonizer. Ifaka imibala yethiphu ephuzi ngokugqamile kanye nomumo wombhobho. Lesi sitshalo sinemigogodla ethambile enoboya futhi sikhula sibe yizigaxa ezifinyelela ubude obungamamitha angu-60. Iphuzi, iphenduke ibe nsundu, iba mnyama ibe mpunga ngokukhula. Izimbali zimhlophe, kodwa zihlala amahora ambalwa kuphela. I-Lava cacti ingatholakala eFernandina, Genovesa, Isabela, Pinta, Santiago, naseBartholomew Islands.
- I-Scalesia Santiago
Ijwayelane kahle nesimo sezulu esishisayo kodwa esinzima; Kuyindlela yokumelana nezinhlobo eziningi zasolwandle ezifana nama-boobies anezinyawo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ama-frigatebird kanye nokusinda kwezinyoni. izilwane ze-galapagos umhlaba onjengezintaka, ezinye izinyoni, izibankwa zasemhlabeni, izimbungulu, izimfudu ezinkulu, phakathi kokunye.
- Isihlahla sikaDarwin esinamaqabunga amahle
Lesi sihlahlana singatholakala kuzo zonke iziqhingi ezinhle, kusukela ezindaweni eziphakeme ezinomswakama kuya emasimini odaka. Ingafinyelela kumamitha angu-4 ukuphakama, amaqabunga ayo aminyene futhi ayashintshana. Okuthile okuphawuleka kakhulu ngalesi sihlahlana iphunga elimnandi eliphuma amaqabunga nezimbali uma lichotshozwa. Izimbali zawo zitholakala ekugcineni kwamagatsha.
- I-Guayabillo noma i-guava
Kuyisihlahla esingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-12 ubude. Isithelo saso siyindilinga futhi sishintsha umbala uma sesivuthiwe (kusuka kophuzi kuye komnyama). Izimbali zawo zimhlophe, amacembe amancane futhi ayi-elliptical. Ingatholakala eziqhingini eziningi ezakha iqoqo leziqhingi.
- Uzipho lekati
Kuyisitshalo somuthi esingatholakala emahlathini anomswakama. Inembali yenhlaka kanye nesiqu esinama-stingers ayivumela ukuba igxile kwezinye izihlahla.
kwethulwa izinhlobo
Kunezinhlobo ezilinganiselwa ku-900 ezifakiwe, ezinye zazo ezigxile ngendlela emangalisayo, okusho ukuthi zingangena ngokushesha endaweni ezungezile zidale ukulimala ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni zomdabu. Lokhu kufaka i-quinine, i-guava, ne-blackberry. Ezinye zezinhlobo ezihlaselayo, njenge-tropical kudzu, ziqedwe ngempumelelo.
Izilwane zasendle zaseGalapagos
Ijwayelane kahle nesimo sezulu esishisayo kodwa esinzima; kuyindlela yokumelana nezinhlobo eziningi zasolwandle ezifana namabhunu anezinyawo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, imisebe yasolwandle kanye nokusinda kwezilwane zasolwandle. izilwane ze-galapagos zasemhlabeni njengezinyoni zesazi semvelo uDarwin, ezinye izinyoni, izibankwa zasemhlabeni, izimbungulu, izimfudu ezinkulu, phakathi kwabanye.
Izilwane ezincelisayo ezihlala eziqhingini zaseGalapagos
Zimbalwa kakhulu izinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo ezitholakala eziQhingini zaseGalapagos, phakathi kwazo kukhona:
- Ingonyama yolwandle (Zalophus wollebaeki)
- Izingonyama zasolwandle (Arctocephalus galapagoensis)
- Izinhlobo ezine zamagundane elayisi (Nesoryzomys narboroughii, Oryzomys bauri, Nesoryzomys moreno)
- Amalulwane (Lasiurus cinereus kanye neLasiurus brachyotis).
- Amahlengethwa nemikhomo nawo avakashela lezi ziqhingi.
I-sea lion iyisilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke eziqhingini, kanti abesilisa banesisindo esingama-260kg. Bavame ukutholakala behlezi ezikhumulweni zemikhumbi nasemabhishi. Amabhubesi olwandle ajwayele ukubuthana ezindlini ezihlanganisa iduna elibusayo nezinsikazi ezimbalwa, noma kumakoloni angama-bachelor. Izingonyama zasolwandle isifunda esingajwayelekile noma i-galapagos, empeleni okuwuhlobo lwebhubesi lasolwandle, bancamela amabhishi ama-rockier, anomthunzi lapho bengabhukudi.
Ngawo-1900s, izingonyama zasolwandle zazizingelwa futhi zihlukunyezwa kwaze kwacishe kwaba seqophelweni lokuqothulwa, konke ngenxa yoboya bawo obabubhekwa njengobuvikelayo. Amaqembu anamuhla abuye ngendlela eyisimanga ngezinombolo ezifana nezamabhubesi olwandle.
Izinyoni zase-Galapagos Islands
30 izibonelo ze izinyoni ezingandizi bahlala eziqhingini lapho abangu-25 babo bengamaqembu eqoqo leziqhingi ngokwalo futhi ezinhlanu ziyizinhlobo ezingaphansi kwezilwane. Eziyi-14 zezibonelo ezihlala zikhona ziyizinhlobonhlobo zezintaka zikaDarwin kanti ezine zingamaqembu ama-nightingale. Izibonelo eziyisishiyagalombili kwezingama-25 zibhekwa njengezisengozini noma ngaphezulu. Okwesibili, i-mangrove finch ne-floreana nightingale, zisengozini enkulu. Izintaka zaseDarwin zakha iqembu elikhulu labantu eziqhingini.
Uhlobo ngalunye lohlobo ngalunye, njengoba kuphawulwe usosayensi wemvelo, lunoqhwaku oluthile nosayizi kuye ngokuthi ludla kanjani. Ukudla kuyahlukahluka kusukela kumbewu, izimbali, nemiqumbe kuya ezinambuzaneni, kuhlanganise nezintwala ezisuka kuzimfudu noxamu, kanye negazi lezinyoni zasolwandle. Ucwaningo lwalo sosayensi ngomehluko phakathi kwezinyoni zezinyoni lwamsiza ukuba athuthukise imibono yemvelo nokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Kunezinhlobo eziyisithupha zezinyoni zasolwandle:
- I-lava gull (Leucophaeus fuliginosus).
- I-swallow-tailed gull (Creagrus furcatus).
- I-Flightless cormorant (Phalacrocorax harrisi).
- I-Galapagos petrel (Pterodroma phaeopygia).
- I-Galapagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus).
- I-albatross enamagagasi (Phoebastria irrorata), inyoni enkulu kunazo zonke.
Izinhlobo ezengeziwe ezibiza lezi ziqhingi ezimangalisayo njengekhaya zihlanganisa izinhlobo ezintathu zama- boobies, ama-frigatebird amakhulu namahle kakhulu, nezinyoni ezinamabibi abomvu, ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele.
I-Galapagos penguin ukuphela kwenyoni yaleli qembu ehlala kule ndawo yezwekazi laseMelika. Iningi lamaphengwini angu-2.000 ahlala asakazwa eziqhingini ezimbalwa zeqoqo leziqhingi. Le nyoni ifakwe ohlwini lwe-Specimen Risk List of the World Alliance for Ecosystem Preservation, ngenxa yobuningi bayo babantu abancane, obushintshashintshayo ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokwenzeka kwe-El Niño eyaziwa kakhulu.
Ngokwe-athikili ka-2015 kulo magazini Ukulondolozwa Kwebhayoloji, amanani angase aqhubeke ehla ngenxa yokwanda kwezenzakalo zika-El Niño, ezibangela ukwehla okukhulu kokutholakala kokudla ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, lapho ophengwini begcina ukudla okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezihlala eziQhingini zaseGalapagos kuphela
I-Los izilwane ze-galapagos Izinhlobo zasemhlabeni zalezi ziqhingi zigcwele izilwane ezihuquzelayo, kuyilapho iningi lomhlaba lithola izilwane ezincelisayo ziyizinhlobo ezihamba phambili. Ngokungafani nezilwane ezincelisayo, izilwane ezihuquzelayo zingaphila isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwamanzi, zizihlomise ngekhono lokuthatha uhambo lwamakhilomitha angu-700 oluya eziqhingini ezinentaba-mlilo zisuka ezweni. noma bakhona izimfudu ze-galapagos imidondoshiya, oxamu, izinyoka nezibankwa - izivakashi eziqhingini zizoba namathuba amaningi okuthola lezi zidalwa eziyingqayizivele.
Ngisho neziqhingi zethiwa ngesinye sezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezidumile, ufudu olukhulu. Namuhla, ufudu oluwumdondoshiya seluyinto ethandwa kakhulu eziqhingini. Uhambo oluya eziQhingini zaleli qoqo leziqhingi lunikeza amathuba amahle okubuka izilwane zasendle. Ithebula elilandelayo linikeza nje amasampula ezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezitholakala eZiqhingini.
Ufudu olukhulu lwaseGalapagos
Isibalo sabantu esilinganiselwa ku-12,000. Kunezinhlobo eziyishumi zalezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo emvelweni. Uhlobo lweshumi nanye lunoyedwa osindile, uLonesome George, ohlala endaweni yocwaningo esungulwe kuleli qoqo leziqhingi.
I-Galapagos Green Turtle
Ufudu oluzalela eziqhingini. Ukuzalanisa kwenzeka phakathi kwezinyanga zikaDisemba noJuni. Ibonakala kahle kakhulu emachwebeni angajulile azungeze iziqhingi.
Iguana yasolwandle
Isibankwa sasolwandle kuphela emhlabeni. Bangakwazi ukuhlala ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu efika kweyi-15, kodwa ngokuvamile bahlezi emadwaleni odaka. 8 ama-iguana asolwandle, ahluka ngobukhulu nombala.
Umhlaba we-Iguana
Aphuzi ngombala. Isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila kwayo seminyaka engu-55, kodwa inani labantu liye lasongelwa ukwethulwa kwamakati, izinja namagundane.
I-Santa Fe iguana
Ngokufanayo nesifanekiso sangaphambilini, kodwa abesilisa baphuzi ngokukhazimula kakhulu. Njengoba igama layo libonisa, itholakala kuphela e-Santa Fe Island.
i-lava lizard
Zonke iziqhingi ezinkulu ziyikhaya okungenani lamaqembu ayi-7 ezibankwa ze-lava. Mancane kunoxamu futhi makhudlwana kunesigcilikisha. Amaduna makhudlwana (kufika kufithi ubude) kunezinsikazi futhi anesikhumba esinamaphethini futhi esimaholoholo.
I-Galapagos Leaf Toed Gecko
Aphaphathekile futhi anemicu ensundu ngokumnyama. Idla ebusuku futhi idla izimbungulu.
inyoka yaseSpain
Akuyona isampula enobuthi futhi iyinyoka ecindezelayo. Ukuphela kwenyoka etholakala esiqhingini ebizwa ngegama lakhe.
Inyoka enebhande laseGalapagos
Ayinabo ubuthi, futhi iyinyoka ebophayo. Amaqembu abo ahlukaniswa kwezinye izinyoka eziqhingini. Umzimba unombala okhilimu, unamabhande ansundu ngokumnyama.
Inyoka enemigqa yaseGalapagos
Ifundisiwe ngakho-ke ayinabo ubuthi futhi njengezibonelo ezedlule iyinyoka ebophayo. Ensundu ngokumnyama enemigqa emibili ephuzi ezinhlangothini, egijima kuwo wonke umzimba wenyoka.
Izinhlanzi ezihlala e-Galapagos kuphela
Phakathi kwenani elikhulu lezilwane zasolwandle ezihlala emanzini azungeze lezi ziqhingi, cishe ama-21% ezibonelo ahlala unomphela, ngokusho kocwaningo olwenziwe. Futhi mayelana namaqembu ezinhlanzi ze-600 aqashelwe emanzini avikelwe ezungeze iziqhingi kusukela ngo-2018, ngokusho kwesisekelo socwaningo; okungenani izinhlobo ezingama-80 zikhona futhi ezinye ezingama-470 ziyimvelo (ezindaweni eziqhingini kodwa futhi zitholakala kwenye indawo).
Kulezi zibonelo, cishe ezingu-35 zingoshaka, kuhlanganise ne-whale shark, inhlanzi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, efinyelela kumamitha angu-15 futhi enesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-1000. Kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezahlukene zemisebe (njengoba isifanekiso singafika kumamitha angu-7 ububanzi) kanye nezibonelo eziningi zezinhlanzi zasezindaweni ezishisayo, ngokocwaningo lwezisekelo zocwaningo.
