Ithiyori ye-geocentric, ebizwa nangokuthi imodeli ye-geocentric noma i-geocentrism, iwukuthi inkolelo-mbono yezinkanyezi ebeka uMhlaba enkabeni yendawo yonke, kuyilapho zonke ezinye izinkanyezi ziyizungeza.
Lo mbono wezwe yayidlangile emiphakathini eminingi yasendulo njengowaseBhabhiloni Namuhla sikhuluma ngokuthi kwakunjani futhi kwashintsha kanjani ithiyori ibe yilena yamanje.
Ithiyori ye-geocentric
Empeleni yayingekho ithiyori eyodwa ye-geocentric kodwa kuwo wonke umlando wefilosofi iye yahlukahluka. Yiqiniso, lo mbono waqala eGrisi lasendulo.
Okwe-presocratics
Anaximander ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX BC. C. wayekholelwa ekuhlelweni kwezinkanyezi lapho uMhlaba unomumo oyicylindrical (njengocezu lwepayipi). Ngangiphakathi kwakho konke okuntantayo. Wachaza ezinye izinkanyezi ngokubona ngeso lengqondo amasondo angabonakali azungeza Umhlaba, lawo masondo ayenezimbobo ezincane ezivumela izakhamuzi zomhlaba ukuba zibone umlilo ofihliwe (ilanga).
AbakwaPythagorean babecabanga ukuthi umhlaba uyisiyingi ngemva kokubuka ukusitheka kwelanga. futhi bathi yayiya emlilweni ongabonakali.
Zombili lezi zinguqulo zazizogcina sezijoyine, okwaholela ekutheni kusakazeke kuwo wonke amaGreki ayekwazi ukufunda. Umhlaba wawuyindilinga eyayiphakathi nendawo yonke. UPlato no-Aristotle bazinikele kuleyo theory ye-theocentric yomhlaba.
Plato
UPlato wathi Umhlaba wawuyindilinga eyayihlala phakathi nendawo yonke. Izinkanyezi namanye amaplanethi azungeza kuwo, enza imibuthano yasezulwini, ngayinye inendingilizi ngokwayo futhi isuka eduze kakhulu kuya eMhlabeni iye ekudeni kakhulu ngokulandelana okulandelayo: Inyanga, Ilanga, iVenus, iMercury, iMars, iJupiter, iSaturn, nezinkanyezi ezingaguquki. encwadini yakhe La República wachaza indlela izintelezi nama-moiras agade i-cosmos.
I-Aristotle
Elandela uhlelo lukathisha wakhe, waqhubeka nokubeka uMhlaba phakathi nendawo yazo zonke izinto, ehlela amaplanethi nezinkanyezi eziwuzungezile. Kulesi senzakalo, zonke izindikimba zasemkhathini zazinamathele ezindizeni (phakathi kwama-47 nama-55) engabonakali futhi ezungeza uMhlaba ngokugxila kuyo. izinhlaka Wawabiza ngokuthi "ama-crystalline spheres" futhi njengoba ayebonisa ukuthi ukunyakaza kwawo kwakuhlukile kulowo nalowo. Wabonisa ukuthi izindikimba zasezulwini zakhiwe nge-ether. INyanga yayiseyinto eseduze kakhulu noMhlaba futhi ukuhlangana nayo kwabangela ama-macules (amabala amnyama).
waqhubeka nemibhalo echaza izakhi zasemhlabeni ezifana nomhlaba, amanzi, umlilo, umoya kanye ne-ether. Izisindo ezahlukene zalezi zakhi yizo ezazizibeke eMhlabeni. Umhlaba wawusinda kakhulu, amanzi adonswa isisindo somhlaba yingakho enza ungqimba oluzungeza umhlaba ngokwawo. Umoya nomlilo kubheke ngaphandle kakhulu kude nendawo, nomlilo ubulula kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwakho konke okungenhla, kwakukhona i-ether.
UPtolemy
Ngemva kwemibono yokuqala yamaGreki, leyo mbono yasekelwa ngamaphuzu amaningana. Into yokuqala ukuthi uma uMhlaba unyakaza, lokho kufanele kuphawulwe ezinkanyezini ezingaguquki (okwakufanele kusondele kakhulu kunalokho okwaziwayo manje). Ukukhanya kweVenus kwakungenye yezinto ezazisekela le mfundiso, iplanethi yayihlale inokukhanya okungaguquki, okubonisa ukuthi yayihlala isendaweni efanayo emhlabeni.
Kodwa-ke, izinguquko kubukhulu bamaplanethi akhokhiswa ukushintsha kwebanga azikwazanga ukuchazwa. Ptolemy emsebenzini wakhe i-almagest, yayizosungula ikhambi laleyo nkinga. Iplanethi ngayinye yahamba ngezimbulunga ezimbili noma ngaphezulu, okungenye yazo eyihange izungeza iplanethi enguMhlaba. Enye i-sphere, incane kakhulu, Yenza iplanethi ijikeleze ngakho-ke isuke noma isondele eMhlabeni ilandela leyo mbulunga eyayihamba endaweni efanayo ezungeze uMhlaba. Uqhube wathi lolu hlelo luwumfaniswano futhi luyindilinga. Le thiyori yamukelwa ngabaseNtshonalanga futhi yagcina iyiyo i-geocentric theory eyagcinwa amakhulu eminyaka.
Nakuba lo mbono wawungalungile, kuyiqiniso lokho wabikezela umnyakazo othile wasezulwini njengokunyakaza kwe-retrograde.
Ukutholakala kokuthi Umhlaba uzungeza ilanga
Akuwona wonke amamodeli wamaGreki alandela lolu hlelo lwe-theocentric. Abanye abantu basePythagoras baphikisa ngokuthi uMhlaba ungomunye wamaplanethi azungeza ilanga.
U-Aristarch waseSamos ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX BC. c. Wayengumuntu onamandla kakhulu kuwo wonke amaGreki ayevikela le nkolelo-mbono ngokuphambene nalokho amaGreki ayekucabanga ngokuvamile. Wabhala incwadi nge-heliocentrism. Kodwa leyo nkolelo-mbono ayizange idume. NguSeleucus waseSelukiya kuphela owaqhubeka nalowo mbono.
Izazi zezinkanyezi ezingamaMuslim Ekuqaleni bamukela inkolelo-mbono eyaqedwa noPtolemy, kodwa ngokuzungezile Ngekhulu leshumi kunemibhalo eminingi lapho ukunganyakazi okwakufanele kube khona uMhlaba kwakungatshazwa, ngendlela efanayo ababebuza ngayo ukuthi wawuyisizinda sakho konke.. Abanye sebevele sebebonile ukuthi umhlaba wawuzungeza eksisini yawo nokuthi ukunyakaza okubonwa esibhakabhakeni kwakungenxa yokunyakaza komhlaba, hhayi lokho kwesibhakabhaka ngokwaso.
Copernicus
Ngo-1543 uCopernicus wayezongena endaweni, ngubani Wathi uMhlaba kanye namanye amaplanethi azungeza iLanga. Nokho, ithiyori ye-geocentric yaqhubeka ingemukelwa kakhulu. Ukushintsha kwethiyori kwachitha yonke into eyayikholelwa kuze kube yileso sikhathi kuwo wonke amazinga, ezefilosofi nezenkolo.
Ithiyori yakhe yayikuphethe lokho Umhlaba uzizungeza kanye ngosuku futhi kanye ngonyaka wenza inguquko ephelele ezungeze iLanga. Uphinde wabika ukuthi ukunyakaza kwe-rotary kwakuzungeze i-eksisi yoMhlaba. Konke lokhu kumelele intuthuko enkulu maqondana nethiyori ye-geocentric. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi uCopernicus wayegcina izinto zisuka embonweni endala njengombono wokuthi izinhlayiya zika-Aristotle ezicwebezelayo. Futhi nendilinga yangaphandle lapho zonke izinkanyezi ezinganyakazi zazitholakala khona.
Newton futhi Kepler
U-Kepler wenza imithetho yakhe emithathu ngo-1609 no-1619 esekela umbono we-heliocentric, lapho amaplanethi ahamba ngendlela eyi-elliptical. Ngokuqondile, kwaphawula ukuthi ukudlula kweVenus kwakunjani ngo-1631.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, UNewton kanye nomthetho wakhe wamandla adonsela phansi kunganikeza ukuthintana kokuqeda kuyo yonke ithiyori ye-heliocentric. Lawa amandla agcina amaplanethi ezungeza. Lokho kwavumela umfuziselo wesimiso sonozungezilanga owaxazulula ukungabaza okwakuphakanyiswe kuze kube manje.
