I-Hackberry (I-Celtis australis), Iwuhlobo lomndeni wakwaCannabaceae, isihlahla esinamaqabunga esatshalaliswa kabanzi ezindaweni ezipholile, ezizalelwa eningizimu yeYurophu, enyakatho ye-Afrika nase-Asia Minor. Igama layo elisetshenziswa kakhulu eSpanishi i-Almez, elivela olimini lwesi-Arabhu al-mȧys, okusho isihlahla. Ngo-1796, i-hackberry yethulwa eGreat Britain.
I-Hackberry (ICeltis australis)
Lesi sihlahla se-Almez ngokuvamile sikhula sodwa enhlabathini exegayo futhi enomswakama omuhle, ngoba asivamile ukwakha amaqembu ohlobo olulodwa lwezihlahla. Itholakala emihosheni, eduze nemifudlana noma emithambekeni, kude nosebe lwemifula. Iyingxenye yezinhlobo zezihlahla zamahlathi avundile aseMedithera avundile, noma ama-hydrophilic poplar groves, kanye nezihlahla ze-elm, i-oki, ubhabhulini, ama-mulberry noma umthunzi nezinye izihlahla ezivela ezindaweni ezipholile.
Itholakala e-Central Europe kanye naseMedithera, isihlahla esingokwemvelo ngenxa yokutshala kwaso kabanzi emazweni ahlukene ezifundeni ezipholile zeplanethi. Itshalwa emazweni asesifundeni saseMedithera naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yamazwekazi ase-Asia, isetshenziswa njengesihlahla sokuhlobisa ekuhlelweni kwamapaki nezingadi, kanye nama-boulevards ukuze imelane nokungcoliswa kwemvelo. Izinkuni zayo zisetshenziselwa ukwenza izesekeli zamathuluzi.
Amaqabunga ayo nezithelo zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zayo zokwelapha kanye namagxolo awo ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukusetshenziswa kwesithelo saso noma ama-infusions asekelwe esithelweni saso esiluhlaza, nge-frequency ethile kusiza ngokuphazamiseka kokugaya nokunciphisa isifo sohudo nokuvuvukala kwamathumbu. Isebenza futhi njenge-tonic yokugaya ukudla, i-antidiarrheal kanye nokulawula ukugeleza kokuya esikhathini.
Izakhiwo zokwelapha
Ekuhlaziyeni kwamakhemikhali amaqabunga esihlahla se-hackberry (I-Celtis australis), kwatholakala ukuthi iqukethe i-flavonoid C-glycosides. Ngokufanayo, kwatholakala ukuthi izihlahla zenani labantu I-Celtis autralis, ezimila enyakatho ye-Italy, ziqukethe inani eliphakeme lama-phenol ngegremu yesisindo esomile samaqabunga awo. Lokhu kuhlaziya kuphinde kwathola ukuthi la mazinga ayeshintshashintsha. Lokhu kuguquguquka kuthinte amanani okuphuma kwe-caffeic acid nama-flavonoid.
Iqukethe ama-tannins kanye ne-mucilage njengezithako ezisebenzayo. Amaqabunga awo asetshenziselwa ukulungisa ama-infusions futhi asetshenziswe njengama-astringents, ukulawula isifo sohudo nokulawula ukopha. Lokhu ukumnika okulungiselelwe namaqabunga kanye nezithelo zayo ze-Hackberry, kusebenza njengekhambi le-dysentery, futhi nokulawula ukugeleza kokuya esikhathini. I ukumnika ilungiswa ne izithelo green, okuyinto eqoqwe lapho namanje beya, cishe ngo June.
Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwezithelo zayo kanye nokuthelwa izithelo namaqabunga awo kuboniswa ukuthuthukisa izinkinga zokugaya ukudla, ukuvuvukala kwamathumbu, nezinye izifo zesimiso sokugaya ukudla. Isetshenziswa abesifazane abanezinkinga zokuya esikhathini ngokungajwayelekile, ukulawula ukopha kakhulu phakathi nenkathi, nokunciphisa amajaqamba okuya esikhathini.
Kusetshenziswa kanjani
Ukumiliselwa. Isilinganiso siwuhhafu wenkomishi enezithelo noma enamaqabunga esihlahla i-Almez futhi yengezwa engxenyeni yelitha lamanzi. Uma sezixutshiwe ziyabekwa ziphekwe kuthi uma sezivuthiwe ziyekwe ziphole. Uma kubanda kuthathwa emini. Isetshenziselwa ukuvimbela isifo sohudo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezithelo. Iningi lidla ngale ndlela, ama-tannins enawo ekubunjweni kwawo asiza ngezinkinga zohlelo lokugaya ukudla futhi aphinde abe umlawuli wesikhathi sokuya esikhathini. Kuyisithelo imisoco namavithamini ambalwa.
Incazelo ye-Hackberry
Kwaziwa ngamanye amagama ajwayelekile njenge lodón, lodoño, latonero, aligonero, nettle tree, phakathi kwamanye. Kuyisihlahla esinamaqabunga avuthulukayo angakala ukusuka kumamitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-25 ukuphakama, ngisho nabantu abangaba ngamamitha angama-40 ubude namamitha ayi-10 ezindaweni ezibandayo kuye kwabikwa. Isiqu sawo siqondile futhi umbala wamagxolo awo umpunga, ukuthungwa kwawo kubushelelezi, ngaphandle kwama-grooves, afana namagxolo e-ficus noma izihlahla ze-beech. Ingilazi yayo iyindilinga futhi ibanzi.
Inamaqabunga alula futhi ashintshana, anobude obungamasentimitha angu-5 kuya ku-15, i-petiolate futhi i-ovate ngesimo, imiphetho eqondile futhi igcina endaweni emide noma e-acuminate. Uhlangothi olungenhla lunezinwele ezimpunga futhi lumpunga noma luluhlaza ngokumnyama cishe unyaka wonke kanti uhlangothi olungezansi luluhlaza ngokukhanyayo noboya emithanjeni yalo. Lapho ikwindla ifika, amaqabunga awo aphenduka aphuzi. Banezimiso eziphelelwe yisikhathi.
Izimbali zayo ezi-monoecious ziqhakaza ekuqaleni kwenkathi yasentwasahlobo, kanyekanye nokukhula kwamaqabunga awo. Izimbali ziyi-pentamerous, monoclamideous, ezinama-sepals angu-5. Izimbali zesifazane ziyindilinga futhi ziphuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani. Ezabesilisa zinde futhi zizacile.
Izithelo zawo ziyi-drupe enamanzi ayisentimitha ububanzi, zimpunga ngombala futhi ingaphakathi lawo liphuzi uma selivuthiwe. Lezi zikhula zodwa zisekelwa i-peduncle kuma-axils amaqabunga awo. Isihlahla se-Almez siqhakaza entwasahlobo futhi izithelo zaso zivuthwa ehlobo nezinkathi zasekwindla. Izithelo zayo ziyadliwa futhi nge-flavour ekhangayo, ubumnandi besithelo sayo buyenza ifane nosuku.
Indawo yokuhlala nokulinywa
Ingakwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha ngendlela engavamile ngokusikwa noma ukusikwa futhi ngokocansi ngembewu. Ivumelana nenhlabathi empofu, enomswakama omuhle kanye ne-porosity. Imila emhlabathini onamatshe, i-limestone noma i-siliceous. I-Almez isihlahla esisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokongiwa kwenhlabathi, ngenhloso yokuqinisa umhlaba owonakele. Kuyisihlahla esiphila isikhathi eside kakhulu, esiphila iminyaka engaba ngu-600. Ngenxa yokunambitheka okumnandi kwezithelo zayo, lezi zithanda izinyoni ezahlukene kanye nezibungu zeLepidoptera. I-Hestina persimilis.
Ivumelana nesomiso kanye nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile. Isimo sezulu saseMedithera sihambisana nesihlahla se-hackberry, kodwa siphinde siphendule kuma-lime apholile, i-USDA Zone 7B. Izihlahla ze-Hackberry zivame ukubonakala eSpain emithambekeni yaseMedithera e-Andalusia nase-Extremadura, futhi kancane e-Aragon naseCastilla La Mancha. Izibonelo zibuye zibonwe emathafeni avundile aseningizimu-mpumalanga eduze neMadrid futhi kanjalo nakwezinye izifundazwe zaseSpain.
I-Taxonomy kanye ne-Etymology
Ubulili ICeltis kuvela I-Certis f. -I-t. I-Celt(h)is=. Yisho ukuthi amaRoma abelwe i-Hackberry, kanye naleyo ye I-Lotus. Leli gama ngokukaPliny Omdala kwakuyigama lesihlahla "Lotus" e-Afrika (I-Naturalis Historia, 13, 104 njenge i-celtis ). Lokho ngokusobala kwabanye abahumushi kumayelana nesihlahla somjube (Ziphus jujuba Mill) womndeni wezitshalo i-Ramnaceae kanye nabanye abahlaziyi i-Almez (I-Celtis autralis L). I-Latin epithet noma igama lezinhlobo australis kusho eningizimu.
I-Infraspecific taxa. Ngokokuhlukaniswa kwezitshalo, i-infraspecific taxa inikezwa isigaba noma izinga eliphansi kunalelo lezinhlobo zezilwane. Njengama-subspecies noma izinhlobonhlobo. okwezinhlobo ICeltis australis, i-subspecies yanqunywa: ICeltis australis subsp. i-caucasian (Wild.) CC Amadolobha. eFl. Iraq, 4,(1): 73, 1980.
Amazwi afanayo. Angamagama esayensi ahlukene anikezwe izazi zesayensi yezitshalo ngezikhathi ezahlukene kanye nezigaba.
- I-Celtis eriocarpa Yenqaba. in U-Jacquem.
- I-Celtis caucasica Willd.
- I-Celtis acuta Buch.-Ham.
- I-Celtis ihamba phambili salisb. igama engekho emthethweni.
- i-alpine celtis Royle
- ICeltis australis Kukhona. i-eriocarpa (Decne.) Hook.f.
- ICeltis australis f. variegate USchelle ex Geerinck
- UCeltis kotschyana Steven
- I-Celtis lutea per.
- UCeltis Serrata isiqephu14
subsp. i-caucasian (Wild.) CC Amadolobha.
- i-celtis arcata Buch.-Ham. yangaphambili Wall.
- I-Celtis caucasica Willd.
- I-Celtis caucasica Kukhona. caudata Insimbi.
- I-Celtis caucasica subsp. caudata (Ironch.) Grudz.
- I-Celtis inglisii Royle
amagama ajwayelekile ahlukene
Lesi sihlahla sama-hackberry (ICeltis australis), ithola amagama amaningi avamile noma anenhlamba ngokwendawo lapho ivela khona, amagama aziwa ngeSpanishi, isiNgisi, isiCatalan, isiJalimane, isiFulentshi, isi-Arabhu, isiTurkey, isiPolish nezinye izilimi. Phakathi kwalawa magama kukhonjisiwe:
Amagama asetshenziswa kakhulu eSpain yilawa: alatonero, aligonero, hackberry, leaf, latonero; i-lidonero; indawo yokulala; lodon; enodaka Phezu kwalezi maningi amanye amagama abelwe ukuqamba lesi sihlahla. Ngokufanayo, kwezinye izilimi banalo igama labo elivamile, isibonelo ngesi-Albanian balibiza ngokuthi i-carac; ngesi-Arabhu الميس (May); ngesiCatalan: i-lledoner; ngolimi lwesiNgisi: isihlahla sama-blackberry, i-hackberry evamile, i-clam, i-nettle, i-Mediterranean clam. Phakathi kwamanye amagama amaningi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Hackberry
Ngenxa yobumnandi bezithelo zawo obufana nowedate, asetshenziselwa ukwenza ujamu.Ngokhuni lwawo benza imisebenzi yokuphenduka, ngokhuni lwawo benza neziswebhu neziswebhu. Benza nezinduku ngokhuni lwazo. Lapho zisencane, amagatsha awo asetshenziselwa ukwenza izimfoloko zokhuni nokusebenza ngotshani nommbila.
Njengesihlahla, sisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokulungisa izingadi, amapaki, izindawo zokupaka nezihlahla zasemadolobheni, njengoba kuwuhlobo oluphila isikhathi eside olumelana nokungcoliswa. Emagxolweni awo kukhishwa udayi osetshenziselwa ukudaya ophuzi.
Umlando kanye neCuriosities
Kakade ukunambitheka okumnandi okucebile kwesithelo, kanye nezakhiwo zaso zokwelapha kwaqokonyiswa nguHerodotus, uDioscorides noTheophrastus, abantu basendulo kulolu hlobo. ICeltis australis, bambiza ngolotus. Encwadini IX ye-"Odyssey" u-Homer ulandisa ukuthi u-Odysseus ubhekisela kanjani "kubantu abadla i-lotus" kanye "naku-lotus". Enkondlweni ethi "The Lotos-Eaters", eyabhalwa nguTennyson, kuchazwa imiphumela yokudla izithelo zayo.
Ziyizihlahla eziphila isikhathi eside ezisetshenziswa ezikweleni nasemigwaqweni, phambi kwendlu yesonto yasePerché yase-Fox-Amphoux eProvence esifundeni esiseningizimu yeFrance, isihlahla satshalwa kusukela ngo-1550. Ngo-2013 lesi sihlahla sama-hackberry, silinganiselwa ku-5 amamitha ubude, ububanzi bomboko namamitha ayi-18 ukuphakama.
ECastello de la Plana, kwakhiwa indlu yesonto egameni likaLa Mare de Deu del Lledó (Almez), ngokuba ngusanta waleli dolobha. Ngokusho kwenganekwane, isithombe seNcasakazi esisendlini yesonto satholwa phakathi kwezihlahla ze-hackberry (ngesi-Valencian "lledoners") ngumlimi noma "umculi" (ngesiValencian) uPerot de Granyana.
EMadrid ijazi lezikhali nendawo enegama elithi Torrelodones (umbhoshongo wama-lodones noma ama-almeces) kanye nomdwebo wesihlahla se-Hackberry. Ngokufanayo, izazi-mlando zibheka ukuthi isihlahla esivela ejazini laseMadrid singase sibe i-hackberry, esikhundleni sesihlahla sama-strawberry. Isibonelo salolu hlobo sitshalwe eMadrid Botanical Garden ICeltis australis o I-Hackberry, inkulu futhi yinde ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezifanayo, ezitshalwe engadini.
Abantu beLotophagous. Iqanjwe okokuqala ngqa e-"Odyssey" lapho ibuya eTroy, lapho ngokuvunguza komoya imikhumbi yaphambukiswa ibheke emazweni abadla amalotus noma abadla amalotus. Okungukuthi ngokusho kwezazi-mlando isihlahla seLotus yi-Hackberry ngokwayo.
Ukuthandile, ngakho ngikumema ukuthi ufunde futhi: