Uma kubhekwa ukuthi kuneqoqo lemithala emkhathini, sikhuluma nge i-hypergalaxy. Inani lemithala engakha owodwa lisukela ku-100 kuya ku-10000. Lokhu kusho ukuthi nakuba i-Milky Way ibonakala inkulu kithi, awekho amagama achaza lobu bukhulu. Nokho, kunesibonelo se-hypergalaxy engenkulu kangako futhi okuyiQembu Lendawo lapho i-Milky Way ikhona futhi lokhu kuhlanganisa cishe i-20 galaxies. Kuze kube manje, cishe ama-hypergalaxies angama-300 ayaziwa.
Ungahle ube nentshisekelo ku: IZIMPAWU ZOMthala: INHLANGANO YEZINKANYEZI NAMAPLANETHI
Kungashiwo futhi ukuthi iyiqembu le-galactic. Okusho ukuthi, sizobe sibhekene ne-a i-cosmic superstructure Yakhiwe izinkulungwane zemithala. I-baryonic matter yendawo yonke ebonakalayo isakazwa eduze kwezakhiwo ezinkulu ezibizwa ngokuthi imicu noma izindonga ngokuma kwazo, okushiya inqwaba yezindawo ezingenalutho, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-voids, zingenandaba nhlobo nokukhanya.
Izakhiwo ezinjalo zakhiwe izinkulungwane zamaqoqo emithala anokwakheka nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Ingabe ama-macrostructures amakhulu zingezakamuva kakhulu emlandweni wendawo yonke. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ahlanganiswe yizinto ezimnyama namandla adonsela phansi, kodwa ukunwetshwa okusheshayo kwendawo yonke kungase kugcine kuthathe izintambo futhi kumise ukunqwabelana kwezinto. Yize kungaziwa ukuthi lokhu kufakwa sekuvele kwenzekile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi amaqembu ahlukene emithala eyakha indawo yonke abizwa ngokuthi amaqembu, amaqoqo namaqoqo amakhulu. Igama ngalinye lincike ngobukhulu balo kanye nenani lemithala eliqukethe. Zisukela emaqenjini amancane anemithala eyishumi nambili, kuye kumaqoqo amakhulu ezinkulungwane zemithala. Ama-Supercluster ayizakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezakhiwe ngamakhulu noma izinkulungwane zamaqoqo emithala asebenzelana ngokunamandla.
Lezi izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-hypergalaxy
Amaqembu
Lezi zingamaqoqo amancane kakhulu emithala. I amaqembu zinezakhiwo ezilandelayo:
Iqukethe imithala engaphansi kuka-50
Lokhu kusho ukuthi lesi sigaba se-hypergalaxies sinobubanzi obungaba ngu-2 megaparsec (Mpc).
Futhi banenqwaba ye-oda ye-solar mass 1013.
Isivinini sokuhlakazeka singu-150 km/s.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, iqoqo le-hypergalaxy eliqukethe umthala wethu, i-Milky Way, libizwa ngokuthi iQembu Lendawo, eliqukethe imithala engaphezu kwama-20. Kuthiwa futhi empeleni kunemithala engaphezu kuka-40 eyakha le iqembu lendawo.
Amafu weCumulus
I-Los amafu e-cumulus i-hypergalaxy noma amaqembu e-galactic anezici ezihlukanisayo zamaqembu, ngoba kulokhu, ukuqoqwa kwe-galactic kukhulu. I-Abell 2744 iyiqoqo lemithala eyaziwa ngokuthi iqoqo lePandora. Njengoba kuboniswa izazi zezinkanyezi, amaqoqo omthala makhulu kunamaqembu, njengoba kushiwo. Kodwa-ke, empeleni awukho umugqa ohlukanisayo obukhali phakathi kwezigaba ezimbili ze-Hypergalaxy.
Uma kubhekwa ngokubukeka, amaqoqo avela njengamaqoqo emithala ezisekela ngokwawo yi- amandla adonsela phansi. Kodwa-ke, isivinini sazo sikhulu kakhulu ukuthi zingahlala zikhawulelwe ngamandla adonsela phansi amandla azo ahehanayo. Lokhu kuqaphela kubonisa okushiwo ukuba khona kwengxenye eyengeziwe engabonakali. Kodwa-ke, okunye ukubhekwa kwe-X-ray kuye kwaveza ukuba khona kwesamba esikhulu se-intergalactic noma i-intracluster gas.
El igesi ye-intergalactic kushisa kakhulu, cishe ku-108 K. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu kukhishwa imvamisa ephezulu: ama-X ray. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ingqikithi yesisindo segesi sikhulu kunaleyo yonke imithala eseqoqweni nge-factory of ezimbili. Nokho, le gesi ayikanele ukugcina ukuhlangana kwamandla adonsela phansi amaqoqo. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi igesi ye-intracluster isezingeni elilinganiselwe nenkambu yamandla adonsela phansi yalo lonke iqoqo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusatshalaliswa kwegesi ye-intracluster kuyisisekelo ngempela, njengoba lokhu yikho okusivumela ukuba sibale ukuma kwenkundla eshiwo futhi, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, isamba esiphelele seqoqo. Kuvela ukuthi isamba sesisindo esitholiwe sikhulu kakhulu kunesisindo semithala negesi eshisayo kuhlangene. Nokho, ingxenye engekho ayikwazi ukuba ngaphandle kwe- indaba emnyama okungakaziwa imvelo yakhe.
i-cumulus evamile
Eqoqweni elivamile, cishe amaphesenti angu-5 kuphela esisindo esiphelele asesimweni semithala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ine-10% ngesimo segesi eshisayo ye-intracluster kanti ama-85% asele yindaba emnyama. Kodwa okuhamba phambili kakhulu kumaqoqo yila imithala eyi-elliptical nengavamile, lokhu ngesilinganiso sokusebenzisana kwemithala.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, nazo zivame kakhulu imithala lenticular. Kulemithala kusolwa ukuthi ezimweni eziningi ingase ivele emithaleni ezungezayo elahlekelwe yigesi ngakho ikhono layo lokwenza izinkanyezi. Lokhu kungenxa yokungqubuzana okubangelwa ukuhamba kwayo ngegesi ephakathi kwemithala noma ukusebenzisana neminye imithala kuqoqo.
Kufanele futhi ufunde: AMAQEMBU: AMAQEMBU E-STELLAR KANYE NEMITHALA ESIKHATHINI
i-cumulus dynamics
Mayelana ne ukuguquguquka kwamaqoqo e-galactic, kungashiwo ukuthi kunobunye obukhulu kulo mqondo. Okwenzekayo ukuthi zingathathwa njengegesi yemithala lapho izinhlayiya eziwuhlanganisayo, esikhundleni sokuba ama-athomu noma ama-molecule, ziyimithala. Nokho, le gesi inezimo ezithile njengoba imithala idonsana ngamandla kuyilapho izinhlayiya ze-athomu zingadonseli.
Uma igesi ijwayelekile ingathambekela ekwandiseni futhi ithathe indawo enkulu, kuyilapho ngakolunye uhlangothi amaqoqo e-galactic awagcini nje ngokukhula, kodwa futhi avame ukukhula. ukuwa ngaphansi kwamandla adonsela phansi ayo. Lokhu kuziphatha kusho ukuthi basesilinganisweni esibucayi phakathi kokuhlakazeka kwesivinini sabo kanye nesisindo sabo. Uma iqoqo linesisindo esiningi, isivinini sokuphunyuka siyakhuphuka.
Ngendlela efanayo, isisindo esiningi sisho amandla amakhulu adonsela phansi, okuholela ekusheshiseni okukhulu kanye isivinini esiphezulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kumaqoqo amakhulu kakhulu, imithala ewahlanganisayo ihamba ngokushesha okukhulu ngokuhloniphana kunasemithala emincane kakhulu.
Emkhakheni we-gravity yilapho ivala imithala kumthamo onikeziwe wesikhala. Yile ndlela izindonga zesitsha esingangenisi umoya zivalela ngayo umoya ngaphakathi.
Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo
Indlela amaqoqo abelokhu ethuthuka ngayo ingase ithathe izinhlangothi ezimbili. Esimeni esithile, bathambekele ekugxiliseni indaba eyengeziwe ukwengeza amaqembu amancane neminye imithala ngayinye, okuholela ekutheni ahlangane kakhulu futhi athole ukwakheka kwe-spheroidal. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, iqoqo lihlanganisa imithala namaqembu, i-nucleus yeqoqo idla amagalaksi kuyo, iguqule isikhungo sayo sibe umthala owodwa noma eminingi emikhulu eyi-elliptical.
Ukugxila okunjalo yikho okugcina eminye izungeza eduze kwayo nokuthi ekugcineni izohlangana ibe umthala omkhulu oyi-elliptical galaxy, yakhe lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi iqoqo lomthala wezinsalela zamandulo: okuyiqoqo lemithala elinomthala owodwa oyi-elliptical enkabeni yawo. ukuntuleka kwemithala ekhanyayo ku izifunda ezimaphakathi.
Enye inkambo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwamaqoqo uboshwe kancane amandla adonsela phansi futhi ingavela ngokuhlukile. Ngokwezibalo kuhlala kunomthala othile okwazi ukufinyelela isivinini sokuphunyuka ukuze uphume kuqoqo. Lamaqoqo aqala ukulahlekelwa imithala futhi njengoba elahlekelwa isisindo, isivinini sokuphunyuka siyehla, yilokhu okusheshisa ukulahlekelwa kwemithala eminingi, okubangela ukuhlukana kwawo kuze kube yilapho ehlanjululwa ngokuphelele.
Lokhu kuvele kube wuhlelo olungagqugquzelwa yi- ukuba khona kwe-cumulus enkulu eduze, okuzogcina kushwabadela omncane.
Ama-propiedades
Amaqoqo anawo okuqukethwe okulinganiselwe kusukela kumithala engama-50 kuye kweyi-1000, igesi ekhipha ama-X-ray eshisayo kanye nezinto eziningi ezimnyama. Indlela lezi zingxenye ezintathu ezisatshalaliswa ngayo icishe ifane kuwo wonke amaqoqo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi banesisindo esiphelele esivela ku-1014 kuya ku-1015 izikhathi ze-solar mass. Futhi ngosayizi ngokuvamile anobubanzi obungu-8 MPC.
Ungase ube nentshisekelo yokufunda: IMIBONO EYI-4 EYINGQONDO MAYELANA NEMVELAPHI YOMHLABA WONKE KUSUKELA ENDULO
amaqoqo amakhulu
Le Hypergalaxy inkulu, kodwa hhayi enkulu kakhulu. Amaqembu, amaqoqo kanye neminye imithala engayodwa kungakha izakhiwo ezinkulu ndawonye: lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi amaqoqo amakhulu. Lawa maqembu azoziphatha ngendlela efanayo namafu e-cumulus. Umehluko ukuthi eqenjini elikhulu izinhlayiya eziyisisekelo eziyakhayo ngeke zisaba umthala ngamunye, kodwa wonke amaqembu omthala namaqoqo ahambayo avalelwe emkhakheni wawo omkhulu wamandla adonsela phansi. Isibonelo seqoqo elikhulu yiqembu lasePhoenix.
izakhiwo ezinkulu
Aphenduka amaqoqo akha i-Hypergalaxy enkulu kunawo wonke ku-Universe ebonakalayo. Esikalini esikhulu kunazo zonke ze indawo yonke ebonakalayo, i-matter ihlelwe ngokwemicu nezindonga ezinkulu noma izindonga ezizungezwe ama-void njengamabhamuza amakhulu angenalutho anamaqoqo amakhulu njengamanodi. Isakhiwo sibonakala sifana nesipontshi.
