I-Olive mealybug (Euphyllura olivina) iyinambuzane ye-hemipteran esebenza njengesinambuzane, ihlasela izihlahla zomnqumo. Lokhu okuthunyelwe kuzochaza umjikelezo wokuphila kwayo kanye nokwelashwa kwayo, ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungayinciphisa kanjani inani layo futhi ulawule ukutheleleka kwayo. Ngiyakumema ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda.
I-Olive Milkweed
Le hemiptera Olive Milkweed iyinambuzane encane eluhlaza okotshani obungamamilimitha angu-2-3, ingeyomndeni wakwaPsyllidae, othanda ukuhlala eduze kwezihlahla zomnqumo futhi, nakuba ibhekwa njengenkathazo yezihlahla zomnqumo, umonakalo wayo mubi kakhulu, kuye ngokuthi kanjani iningi labantu be-Olive Milkweed.
Esikhathini sasebusika, lezi zinambuzane zisesigabeni sazo sabantu abadala futhi zitholakala ezisekelweni zamaqabunga, ama-axil kanye nama-buds ezihlahla zomnqumo. Lapho izinga lokushisa liqala ukukhuphuka ekupheleni kobusika, yilapho lezi zinambuzane ze-hemiptera ziqala umsebenzi wazo wokuzala. Njengoba iqala ukuzala, izalela amaqanda ayo ngaphansi kwamaqabunga amahlumela amasha avelayo. Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yasentwasahlobo, umjikelezo wabo wokuzala uqala futhi isizukulwane sabo sokuqala siyakhulelwa.
Cishe izinsuku ezingama-30 izibungu ziyakhula phakathi kwamahlumela amila nezimbali. Phakathi nalolu hlelo, ama-nymphs akhiqiza into e-cottony, yingakho ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Algodoncillo del Olivo", into ye-cottony eyikhiphayo yiyona ndlela lapho ikhula khona futhi ikhule. Njengoba inani lazo landa, amakoloni alezi zinambuzane aqala ukwakheka.
Lapho amaqanda achanyuselwa, ama-nymphs aqala ukudla ihlumela elisha, kamuva athuthela efihlekile yezimbali kanye nama-axillary buds. Ngenkathi yentwasahlobo isizukulwane sesibili salezi zinambuzane siyazalwa, okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwesihlahla somnqumo. Izibungu ze-Olive Milkweed, ziyakhula futhi zikhule kuma-inflorescences.
Uma lesi sizukulwane sesibili se-Olive Milkweed sesidlulile, futhi abantu abadala baya kophumula. Kuze kufike inkathi yasekwindla futhi isizukulwane sesithathu salesi sinambuzane siqala ukuzala. Lesi sizukulwane sesithathu yisona esithinta kancane isihlahla somnqumo. Ukungabonwa futhi kungabonwa kalula ngumlimi. Uhlupho lwe-Olive Milkweed lusatshalaliswa kuyo yonke indawo emila iminqumo yaseMedithera.
Umjikelezo wokuphila
Lezi zinambuzane ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi i-Olive Milkweed, uma umuntu omdala ekala amamilimitha angu-2 kuya ku-3, aluhlaza ngombala futhi anomzimba omkhulu. Amaqanda ayo anobukhulu obungamamilimitha angu-0,3 anomumo we-elliptical, amhlophe bese kuba osawolintshi-ophuzi, ngenxa yobuncane bawo, akulula ukuwabona ngeso lenyama.
Lapho ibeka i-pupa, ikhipha into emhlophe ye-cottony evikela umqhele wezibungu. Esigabeni sazo sezibungu, ama-nymphs anokubonakala kwembulunga yonke futhi alinganisa imilimitha elilodwa nje. Kulesi sigaba ikhipha ama-molts angu-1 kuze kube yilapho ishintshashintsha. Ekuqaleni iba phuzi futhi kancane kancane ishintsha ibe nsundu.
Esigabeni sazo sobudala ziyalala phakathi nenkathi yasebusika, zitholakala engxenyeni yekhwapha legatsha, ebheke esiqwini. Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yasentwasahlobo nalapho amaqabunga amasha eminqumo eqala ukuhluma. Abantu abadala be-Olive Milkweed baqala umjikelezo wabo wokuzala.
Umjikelezo wokuzala we-olive moth yesifazane ( i-Euphyllura olivina) uqala ngokubeka amaqanda emahlumela amaqabunga aphumayo. Lawa ma-nymph asanda kuqanduselwa adla ujusi womuthi womnqumo. Njengoba i-olive moth imunca ujusi, iyakhula futhi yakhe amakoloni aminyene, izimboze ngemicu efana nekotini evikela ama-pupae noma izibungu. Lesi sizukulwane sokuqala sihlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-30.
Ekupheleni komjikelezo wesizukulwane sokuqala, isigaba sesizukulwane sesibili siyaqala. Lesi sizukulwane sesibili senziwa kuma-inflorescences wezihlahla zomnqumo, lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo-ehlobo. Khona-ke, ekwindla, isizukulwane sesithathu se-Algodoncillo del Olivo siqala, okuyisona esinomthelela omncane kakhulu ezihlahleni zomnqumo.
Ukwelashwa kwePhytosanitary of Olive Groves
Njengoba sekushiwo, i-Oligodoncillo hemiptera, iyisilokazana esinomphumela omncane ezihlahleni zeminqumo, kodwa iphazamisa ngobuhle izinga lamasimu. Umonakalo odalwa yilezi zinambuzane uqala ukubonwa kusukela esizukulwaneni sesibili lapho abadala beqala ukubeka amaqanda okuphuma kuwo izizukulwane ezintsha ze-Olive Milkweed. Lapho amakoloni alezi zinambuzane eqala ukwakheka.
Ukusampula
Lapho isizukulwane esilandelayo senzeka, okusho ukuthi isizukulwane sesibili se-Olive Milkweed, esizalwa kuma-inflorescences, futhi siqala ukumboza ngento emhlophe emhlophe ekhishwa ama-nymphs, futhi ezungeze ama-inflorescences ngemicu yawo emhlophe ebonakala sengathi ikotini. . Ukukhiqiza ukukhula okukhulu kwamakoloni awo afaka isandla ekuvundiseni izimbali zomnqumo, ukuntula futhi ngenxa yalokho kunciphisa isivuno sezihlahla.
Ukuhlasela kwe-Olive Milkweed kunamandla ikakhulukazi esigabeni sokuqhakaza kwesihlahla somnqumo. Ngenxa yalokhu, kulapho ukulawulwa okukhulu kwalesi zinambuzane kufanele kwenziwe, ukuze kwenziwe ukwelashwa kokulawulwa kwabantu kwesifo se-Olive Milkweed, kuyatuseka ukwenza amasampula.
Kulokhu, kukhethwa isampula yesakhiwo futhi uchungechunge lokubhekwa kokuba khona kwezinambuzane kuma-inflorescences wezitshalo zomnqumo kuyaqalwa. Kumelwe kubhekwe kuma-inflorescences namaqabunga eqabunga ukuze kubonakale amakoloni alesi zinambuzane. Ucwaningo lwesampula lwenziwa ngeziqephu ezingaba ngu-300 ha., uma i-cultivar ineminyaka efanayo ngesikhathi sokunwetshwa kwayo.
Uma ukutholakala kwamakoloni ezinambuzane kusakazeke phezu kwe-inflorescences yezihlahla zeminqumo, ukwelashwa kwe-phytosanitary kufanele kwenziwe. Ngesikhathi sokusampula kufanele ubheke ukuthi zingaki izinambuzane ezihlasela i-inflorescence ngayinye. Uma ubona izinambuzane eziyisi-8 ku-inflorescence ngayinye, kusho ukuthi lesi sifo se-Olive Milkweed sesisemngceleni wokuhlaselwa. Yilapho kufanele uqale ukulawula lezi zinambuzane.
Kuze kube manje akukho ukwelashwa okuvimbelayo okwaziwayo, okwaziwayo ukuthi ukuchichima ekuhlaselweni kwalezi zinambuzane ku-inflorescence kuhlotshaniswa nesimo sezulu. Okungenziwa ukwenza izindlela zokwelapha ngensipho ye-potassium ekuqaleni kwezinkathi zasentwasahlobo nezasehlobo, ukubona ukuthi isibalo sabantu base-Olivo Algodoncillo hemiptera siyalawulwa yini. Futhi, nisela kahle amagatsha alezi zihlahla.
Nakuba umthelela walezi zinambuzane ze-hemiptera ezisimini zeminqumo ungelutho, okuthintekayo ukudla kwezihlahla zomnqumo. Lesi sihlava siyakhathaza uma abantu bakhona benyuka ngoba ukumunca amagatsha alezi zihlahla kuzoholela ekukhubazekeni kokuvela kwezimbali nokuguqulwa kwazo zibe izithelo zomnqumo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kwe-physiology yesihlahla ngasinye ngokuya nge-photosynthesis kanye nebala lomnqumo.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Phytosanitary
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukwelashwa ngemithi kuqala ngemva kokuthatha amasampula ezihlahla zomnqumo ngaphambilini. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, ngokusekelwe kudatha ebikiwe mayelana nenani lezihlahla zomnqumo, ukwelashwa ngemithi kuzoqala ezitshalweni zezihlahla zomnqumo. Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi inani elikhulu lamakholoni ezihlahla zomnqumo litholakala ngezikhathi zemvula encane. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho imvula iphakeme kakhulu, amanzi emvula ahlanza amakholoni futhi ngenxa yalokho aqede amakholoni e-Euphyllura olivina.
Ukulawulwa kwe-phytosanitary yalesi sifo kungenziwa ngensipho ye-potassium. Lokhu kwelashwa ngale nsipho akuthinti i-morphology ye-inflorescences ye-olive groves, noma ikhwalithi yezithelo. Ngemuva kokwelashwa ngensipho ye-potassium, kwenziwa ukwelashwa ngomshini ukusiza ukubhubhisa ungqimba olungaphezulu oluvikela lezi zinambuzane.
Ukuze kugcinwe ukwanda kwalesi zinambuzane phansi futhi kulawule ukuhlasela kwezimbali nokumuncwa kobisi, ukulawulwa kwenziwa ngale ndlela: I-Dimethoate, efuthwa entweni ye-cottony ekhiqiza izinambuzane ze-Olive Milkweed, kuma-inflorescences. Lo mkhiqizo kufanele usetshenziswe ngaphambi kokuvuleka kwezimbali.
Uma i-dimethoate isetshenziswa ngemva kokuqhakaza, izosiza ekusindiseni isivuno se-olive etafuleni, njengoba ukutheleleka ngemva kokuqhakaza kuthinta kabi ikhwalithi yezithelo. Ukulawulwa kwezinto eziphilayo kufezwa kusetshenziswa izitha zemvelo ezifana nezimpukane, ama-lacewings, kanye nesinambuzane esidla izimila i-Encyrtus euphyllurae.
Uma ufuna ukwazi ezinye izici mayelana nezitshalo. Ngiyakumema ukuthi ufunde futhi: