Indawo yonke igcwele izenzakalo ezinhle kakhulu, ngenhlanhla, ezithathwe yizibonakude eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Phakathi kwalezi kukhona ama-quasar, izenzakalo ze-cosmic ezinomlando ojulile. Eqinisweni, zichaza ubuhlobo obuseduze nemigodi emnyama emangalisayo kodwa eyesabekayo. Ziyizinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu isayensi.
Njengoba kuye kwenziwa inqubekelaphambili kusayensi yezinkanyezi, kuye kwaba nokwenzeka ukubona izimo ezihlukahlukene ezithakazelisayo. Ngokubonakala kwe-quasar, kuqondwe okwengeziwe mayelana nemishini ye-cosmic. Ukuba enye yezinto ezikhanya kakhulu emkhathini, kubonakala kunesithakazelo esikhulu ukwazi yonke into ngazo. Zibaluleke kakhulu kunalokho ucabanga!
Ungase ube nentshisekelo esihlokweni sethu: Amanyuvesi ama-3 emhlabeni wonke angafunda ngezinkanyezi!
Iyini i-quasar? Impendulo ewusizo kakhulu engenzeka ilapha!
Kuwo wonke umkhawulo wendawo yonke, kunezinto ezikhanya kakhulu ezikhipha ukukhanya nezinye izingxenye. Amaplanethi, izinkanyezi, kanye ne-supernovae ekhanyayo yizibonelo eziyinhloko.
Noma kunjalo, kunobufakazi besinye isici esikhazimula kakhulu esikhipha ngisho nohlobo oluthile lwamandla. Igama lale nto eyaziwayo ayilutho futhi ayikho ngaphansi kwe-quasar noma i-quasar.
Umthombo: Google
Ukuze uqonde kahle ukuthi iyini i-quasar, umuntu kumelwe agxile ekuziphatheni kwemigodi emnyama. Kuyaziwa noma kucatshangelwe ukuthi, cishe kuzo zonke izinkanyezi ezinkulu, umgodi omnyama omkhulu uhlala phakathi nendawo.
Lapho ukushuba komsebenzi wembobo emnyama kukhula noma kukhula, zonke izinto ezizungezile zimuncwa ngenani eliphezulu. Okwesibili kumphumela wokuzungezisa kwembobo emnyama kanye nezakhiwo zayo, lesi senzo sithola ukuqoqwa okukhulu kwamandla e-cosmic.
Ngenxa yokuthi iyinani elingenangqondo lamandla aqoqiwe, iqala ukukhanyiswa noma ukukhishwa emkhathini. Uma ibonwa kude, yakha esinye sezenzakalo ezikhanya kakhulu noma ezikhanya kakhulu endaweni yonke.
Cishe impendulo yokuthi iyini i-quasar ingafingqwa ngemuva kokwanda komsebenzi wembobo emnyama. Konke ukukhishwa kwalawo mandla (amaza omsakazo, ukukhanya, infrared, X-ray kanye ne-UV) yilokho ekugcineni okuchazwa ngokuthi i-quasar.
Empeleni, ngenxa yalokhu kuqonda, kuye kwenzeka ukuhlonza amazinga aphezulu omsebenzi wemigodi emnyama ezimweni eziningi. Ikakhulukazi, kuye kwavumela ukujwayelana okukhulu nalezi zinto zasezulwini.
Ukuhlola ngemuva ngemuva kwe-quasar. Yini eyenza lezi zenzakalo ezikude zibe mnandi kangaka?
I-quasar bekulokhu, kusukela ekutholweni kwayo, enye yezinto ezifundwe kakhulu ngemvelo yesayensi. Njengoba zifakwe ohlwini njengezinto ezinkulu ezikhipha amandla nokukhanya emkhathini, zinesikhundla esihle phezulu.
Ama-quasar ahlobene eduze nemigodi emnyama emikhulu. Kodwa-ke, kukhona nobufakazi bezinye izici ezihlukile ezenza lezi zinto zitholakale zibalulekile. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngale migodi, ungabheka isihloko sethu mayelana nemigodi emnyama emikhulu.
I-quasar ibonakala eMhlabeni ngenxa yamathuluzi okubuka akhethekile ale njongo. Ngenxa yokukhanya kwalezi zenzakalo ezingazodwa endaweni yonke, ukuthwebula kwazo kulula ngomqondo othile. Ngenxa yalokhu, kucatshangwa ukuthi imisebe, ukukhanya namandla abawakhiphayo kuyisamba senani elingenangqondo lamalanga.
Amandla e-quasar
Kuye ngokuthi izinto zingakanani noma ukuthi umsebenzi womgodi omnyama ungakanani, i-quasar ephumayo ikhipha izinga elithile lamandla. Ngaleyo ndlela, amandla akhiphayo e-quasar afana nokukhanya okukhishwa yizinkanyezi ezingaphezu kwe-100 ezihlangene.
Ngokufanayo, amandla anjalo akhiqiza ukuhlakazeka kokukhanya okuthi, uma kulinganiswa, kube kukhulu kunokukhanya okuhlanganisiwe kwezinkulungwane zamalanga. Akukhona nje ukuthi zibalwa njengezigigaba ezinamandla kakhulu nezingama-incandescent endaweni yonke.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-quasar
Njengoba isayensi ithuthuka futhi kuthuthukiswa amathuluzi amasha okulinganisa, kuye kwatholakala izakhi ngaphakathi kwe-quasar. Nakuba zingakatholakali zinjalo, kuphethwa ngokuthi eziningi zazo zinzima kune-helium. Ngakho-ke, inhlanganisela yezingxenye ngaphakathi kwe-quasar inobukhulu obungaphezu kokuqonda kwethu kwamanje.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona kwezinto ezisindayo kune-helium kusho ukuthi i-quasar ingaba umphumela wokwakheka kwezinkanyezi. Eqinisweni, izazi eziningi zikholelwa ukuthi ama-quasar ayekhona phakathi kwe- Big Bang kanye nesikhathi sokwakheka kwezinkanyezi. Ukuze uqonde kangcono umongo wendawo yonke, ukucwaninga ngezinkanyezi kungaba usizo kakhulu.
Ukutholwa kwe-quasar
Umthombo: Google
U-Allan R. Schmidt wayengomunye wabantu bokuqala ukuhlangana ne-quasar. Kubonakala kumangalisa ukuthi kwakuyiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu edlule kuphela lapho lezi zinto zasezulwini zaqala ukucatshangelwa.
Phakathi neminyaka yawo-50 kanye nokufika kwakamuva kwezibonakude zomsakazo, ukukhishwa komsakazo wokuqala noma amandla angenawo umthombo osobala wabanjwa. Lolu hlobo lwemisebe kamuva lwahlotshaniswa nama- quasars. Ibhizinisi elikwazi ukudubula "amajethi" okukhanya namandla akwazi ukubonakala kude kangaka endaweni yomhlaba.
Umsuka wegama le-quasar
Ngawo-50, kwakungakabikho ukuqonda ngalezi zimo. Ngenxa yokuthi amandla ayebanjwa ngaphandle komthombo noma inkanyezi esobala, lokhu kutholwa kwanikezwa igama.
Kusetshenziswa isidlaliso esithi "quasi-stellar radio fources" elihunyushwe olimini lwesi-Spanish ngokuthi "quasi-stellar radio sources", igama elithi quasar noma i-quasar lazalwa. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, leli gama laqanjwa, lanweba ukufundwa kwalezi zinto zemilingo.
Okutholwe yisayensi kwenze kwaba lula ukuvela kwe-quasar eseduze kakhulu emhlabeni
I-quasar eseduze kakhulu noMhlaba itholakale ngemuva kokusesha okujulile. Lezi zinto, naphezu kokukhanya kwazo okukhulu, zitholakala ezigidigidini zeminyaka yokukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni.
Ngakho-ke, ukukhanya kuthatha isikhathi ukuze kubonakale ebusweni bomhlaba. Uma kubukwa, okuthwebulayo empeleni wukweqa ukukhanya ku-quasar eyake yaba khona ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule.
Ngenxa yalokho, cishe sibona i-quasar evela endaweni yonke yasendulo. Njengamanje, i-quasar eseduze kakhulu noMhlaba itholakala ngebanga elingaphezu kweminyaka yokukhanya eyizigidi ezingu-750. Ingabe besingakwazi ukubona ukuqala kwesikhathi?
