La i-spiral galaxy messier 83 itholakala kumlaza iHydra futhi iwumthala ozungezayo omangalisayo obonakala ngezibonakude. Yahlolwa nguPierre Mechain ngo-1752 futhi yengeza kukhathalogi kaCharles Messier ngo-1781. Yaziwa nangokuthi umthala we-Pinwheel oseningizimu.
Iveza idatha ye-spiral galaxy messier 83
Ukusebenzisa ithuluzi le-HAWK-I isibonakude I-VLT etholakala eParanal Observatory eChile, izazi zezinkanyezi ze-ESO zikwazile ukuthwebula isithombe esihle kakhulu se-spiral galaxy messier 83 kuze kube manje.
Ngalo mqondo, lo mthala uthathwa ngokuthi "udade omncane" we-Milky Way yethu, njengoba futhi unephrofayili ezungezayo kanye nomdweshu we-Milky Way. izinkanyezi eyeqa i-eksisi yayo. Ngokolunye uhlangothi, messier I-83 itholakala ncamashi ezigidini eziyi-15 zama-light-year kude (ku-constellation Hydra) futhi ihlanganisa iminyaka yokukhanya engaphezu kuka-40 (cishe ama-40% wevolumu ye-Milky Way yethu). Lo mthala ungafundwa kanye nezinye izindikimba zezinkanyezi njenge Umthala we-Centaurus A, nayo enesithakazelo esikhulu kuyisayensi yezinkanyezi.
Indawo ngqo ye-spiral galaxy messier 83
Ngenxa yombono ophansi we-Messier 83 oseningizimu, kunzima kakhulu ukuthola indawo inkabazwe enyakatho, naphezu kobude nomzimba wayo. Entweni eveziwe, isungula ukulinganisa kwe-gamma noma i-pi Hydrae. Njengoba i-gamma ingububanzi besibhakela enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-pi futhi icishe ibe ububanzi besibhakela eningizimu-ntshonalanga.
Uma utholakala eningizimu nenkabazwe, bheka iota kanye ne-theta Centauri futhi umane weqe 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 izinkanyezi kakade. M83. Ukuze uyibone kusukela enyakatho, kucelwa okungenani isibonisi esingu-3 noma 4″ nesibhakabhaka esimnyama, kuyilapho abantu baseningizimu bengayithola kalula ngezibonakude ezincane.
Isambulo Sochwepheshe
La i-galaxy i-spiral messier 83 ithathwa njengeminye yemithala ezungezayo emikhulu neseduze kakhulu kithi. i-galaxy Kuyinto emangalisayo futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, engaqondakali kakhulu, kube ngumnikazi wenani elikhulu lokuqhuma kwe-supernova, futhi kutholakala ukuthi ine-nucleus ephindwe kabili yokuqapha ku-axis yayo ephakathi.
Ibhekwa njengeminye yemithala ephawuleka kakhulu yohlobo lwayo esibhakabhakeni sethu. Iyilungu elivelele leqembu lemithala elaziwa ngokuthi i-Centaurus A noma iqembu le-M83 nalo elinothuli. ICentaurus A kanye ne-NGC 5253 engavamile njengezitho. Ukunotha kwaleli qembu lemithala kungabuye kuhlaziywe kwezinye izifundo ze imithala.
Ngalowo mqondo, imithala ezungezayo iza ngezigaba eziyinkimbinkimbi kuye ngokubukeka kwayo nokuhleleka kwayo, isibonelo, ukungangeneki kwezingalo zayo kanye nezinhlobo zeqhubu elimaphakathi. I-Messier 83 "inebha" yezinkanyezi eklebhula ku-eksisi yayo, okuholela ekubhalweni kwayo njenge-spiral evalekile. I IMilky Way ngendlela efanayo ithinta lolu hlobo.
Ososayensi abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lezi zinduku zisebenza kancane njenge-tripper, ifutha igesi emthaleni. Lesi sitimu sisetshenziselwa ukudala izinkanyezi ezintsha kanye nokondla umgodi omnyama ophakathi woMhlaba. i-galaxy, edalula ukuthi kungani abaningi imimoya Ezungezwe umthala ovunguzayo i-Messier 83, anezindawo ezimaphakathi ezisheshisa kakhulu nezigqamile.
Imfihlakalo yesikhungo se-spiral galaxy messier 83
Kodwa-ke, isikhungo sikaMessier 83 siyimfihlakalo futhi ayijwayelekile. Okungukuthi, imbobo emnyama enkulukazi emnyombeni wayo ayiwodwa. Lokhu kuzungeza okungajwayelekile kukhombisa ukungahambi kahle okuvelele okufana ne-nucleus ephindwe kabili, okuyinqaba ebuye yatholwa emthaleni we-galaxy. Andromeda. Lokhu akusho ukuthi i-Messier 83 iphethe izimbobo ezimnyama ezimbili ezimaphakathi, kodwa kunalokho imbobo yayo eyodwa emnyama ephakeme kakhulu ingase iboshwe yindilinga yezinkanyezi ezimangelengele, ezungeza eduze komgodi omnyama futhi inikeze ukubonakala kwenucleus ephindwe kabili.
M83, umzala omncane we-Milky Way
Kuyamangalisa Umthala ovunguza uvezwa ososayensi njengoMessier 83. Ngokuvumelanayo, uvame ukuvama njengeSouthern Pinwheel, ngenxa yokufana kwawo nomthala osenyakatho we-Pinwheel Messier 101. I-Spitzer Space Telescope yeNASA iyakufakazela, ngemininingwane ecacile, ukusatshalaliswa kwe-infrared kwalokho abantu abaningi. cabanga njengeMilky Way yethu.
Ngokuphathelene nalokhu okungenhla, ukube besiphakathi ncamashí ne-disk ye-Milky Way, singabuka umthala wethu kuphela endaweni evinjiwe yokubuka ebheke phansi. Sibonisa i-Messier 83 ngendlela efanayo cishe ubuso nobuso, senze kube lula ukukwazi ukuqaphela isondo layo ngokuningiliziwe. Lolu cwaningo lusiza abacwaningi ukuthi baphenye lokho okwethu i-galaxy uma singaphumelela ngokubheka umbono ongcono kakhulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, njenge-Milky Way yethu, i-spiral galaxy messier 83 ihlukaniswa njenge-spiral galaxy ebiyelwe ngenxa yephethini yemigoqo izinkanyezi ezihamba phakathi nendawo yayo. Le ndawo yebha ithandeka kakhulu ku-infrared, ngoba ngendlela efanayo singakwazi ukuhlukanisa ijika lothuli oluyisishear oluhlukene olumise okwe-S ngokusebenzisa ibha yenkanyezi eqonde kakhudlwana.
Kulolu hlelo lokuhleleka kwemibono, le arc yothuli etholakala ngaphakathi ixhumanisa nezingalo ezizungezayo ezivimbeke ngendlela engenakunyakaziswa kudiski elingaphandle, evame ukubonwa njengamagquma akhazimulayo aluhlaza ngokubomvu. phakathi kwezingalo imimoya primordial siphinde sibone ulwelwesi oluyinkimbinkimbi lothuli olungena kuyo yonke idiski.
Futhi, nakuba i-Messier 83 iqhele nge-light-year engaba yizigidi ezingu-15, ezimweni ingenye yemithala esondelene kakhulu esibhakabhakeni. Lokhu kunikeza abacwaningi ukuhlangana okuhle kakhulu kokubona umthala okuthi, nakuba ingxenye yawo inkulu, ibonakale ifana kakhulu ngokusatshalaliswa komthala wethu siqu, Umthamo wezinkanyezi.
Ngokufanayo, ukukhanya okunjalo kwe-infrared okunobude beza beza obungama-microns angu-3,6 no-4,5 kuboniswa ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza okubonisa ikakhulukazi ukukhanya kwenkanyezi. Ukukhanya okuyi-8-micron kufakwe ngokubomvu; Umthwalo we ukukhanya kwezinkanyezi kuma-microns angu-8 asusiwe ngemuva ukuze abonise kangcono ukwakheka kothuli eduze kwesizinda semithala.
Ososayensi babonisa ukuthi yini ekhiqizwa kude kakhulu emikhawulweni yomthala
Singakwazi ukukhomba okwenzekayo noma ukuthi umthala ubonakala kanjani futhi usatshalaliswe kanjani, kodwa sisakhungethwe ukungabaza mayelana nokuthi yini elele ngale. Ngalo mqondo sinakho ukuthi izindawo eziseduze eduze komthala oseningizimu we-Pinwheel, noma umthala ovunguzayo we-Messier 83, zigqanyisiwe kulesi sithombe esihleliwe esivela ku-GALEX space observatory of the NASA kanye Nohlu Olukhulu Kakhulu. Iphinikhodi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokupinki ku-axis liyidiski yesikhala sokuqala somthala, kuyilapho izingxenye eziphaphazelayo, ezifana neribhoni kuyizingalo zawo ezithuthukisiwe.
Futhi, i I-Galaxy Evolution ExplorerKuyinto a isibonakude ucwaningo lwe-ultraviolet. Ukuhlola kwabo, okudaluliwe, kuqokomisa amasethi akude kakhulu ezinkanyezi ezisencane emthaleni kuma-light-year angu-140.000 ukusuka eksisi yawo. Uphenyo olukhulu kakhulu lwe-Array ludalula ukuvela komsakazo ngokubomvu. Badwebela ama-athomu e-hydrogen anegesi, noma izingxenye ezinzima zezinkanyezi, ezakha izingalo ezinde, ezinwetshiwe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izazi zezinkanyezi zikhathazekile ngokuthi amaqoqo ezinkanyezi zezingane afanelana nezingalo ezinwetshiwe, ngoba lokhu kuzisiza ukuba ziqonde kangcono ukuthi izinkanyezi zingakheka kanjani "emahlathini" omthala, futhi kulokhu ku-spiral galaxy Messier 83.
