I-Sporothrix brasiliensis ibe yindaba evelele Le fungus, okwakuyindaba ecishe ibe yindaba engavamile ngaphandle kweBrazil, iyimbangela yokwanda okukhulu kwamacala e-sporotrichosis emakati nakubantu, njengoba ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo sekuvele kubhalwe emazweni amaningana aseSouthern Cone. Kuyinkinga yezempilo yomphakathi kanye neyokwelashwa kwezilwane kulo lonke elaseNingizimu Melika futhi kuxoxwa ngayo kakhulu ekubonisaneni kwezokwelapha kanye nasezikhungweni zezilwane ezincane.
Nakuba kungase kuzwakale njengenkinga engavamile noma ekude, Iqiniso liwukuthi le pathogen ishintsha indawo Ukuqonda izifo ze-zoonotic esifundeni kubalulekile. Ukwazi ukuthi ziyini, ukuthi zidluliselwa kanjani, izimpawu zazo emakati nakubantu, kanye nezinketho zokwelapha ezitholakalayo kubalulekile kubanikazi bamakati, ochwepheshe bezempilo, nanoma ubani ohlala nezilwane noma osebenza ngaphandle.
Iyini i-Sporothrix brasiliensis futhi ibangelwa yisiphi isifo?
I-Sporothrix brasiliensis uhlobo lwesikhunta olutholakala kuhlobo lwe-Sporothrix.Inesibopho sokutheleleka okwaziwa ngokuthi i-sporotrichosis, i-mycosis engaphansi kwesikhumba ethinta kakhulu isikhumba kanye nezicubu ezingaphansi kwayo. Ingeqembu le-fungi eli-dimorphic, okusho ukuthi liyakwazi ukushintsha isimo kuye ngokushisa okuzungezile.
Ngokwemvelo, Emazingeni okushisa aseduze nama-25°C, le fungus ibonakala njengesikhunta esinemicu.Ine-hyphae ende enamagatsha ehlala enhlabathini nasezintweni zezitshalo ezibolayo. Kodwa-ke, uma ingena esilwaneni noma kumuntu futhi ihlangana nokushisa komzimba (cishe ama-37 °C), ithatha isimo esifana nemvubelo, enamaseli amancane, ayindilinga ajwayele ukuzala ngaphakathi kwezicubu.
I-Sporotrichosis ayintshaYaqala ukuchazwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 futhi ingabangelwa izinhlobo eziningana ze-Sporothrix, njenge-S. schenckii, i-S. globosa, i-S. mexicana, kanye ne-S. brasiliensis. Okwakamuva kakhulu ukuvelela kwe-S. brasiliensis, uhlobo olunamandla kakhulu oluhlobene ngokusobala nokudluliselwa kwe-zoonotic ngamakati.
Ngokusho kwedatha evela kwi-World Health Organisation (WHO), I-sporotrichosis ibonwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo.ngezindawo ezivame kakhulu lapho kungabangela khona amacala aphakathi kuka-25 no-100 kubantu abayi-100,000. I-Latin America, kanye ne-Brazil ikakhulukazi, zibangela iningi lamacala abikiwe emashumini eminyaka amuva nje.
Esikhumbeni, ukutheleleka kubonakala njengamaqhubu, ama-plaque, kanye nezilonda. Lezi zilonda zingahlukaniswa noma zilandele indlela yemithambo ye-lymphatic (iphethini ye-lymphocutaneous noma ye-sporotrichoid). Nakuba isimo sesikhumba sivame kakhulu, kwezinye iziguli—ikakhulukazi labo abane-immune system ebuthakathaka—isikhunta singangena ezakhiweni ezijulile, amalunga, amaphaphu, noma ngisho nesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi.
Inkinga yezempilo yomphakathi esanda kuvela eNingizimu Melika
Ukusabalala kwe-Sporothrix brasiliensis kuphakamise izixwayiso kusukela kodokotela, odokotela bezilwane, kanye neziphathimandla zezempilo. Nakuba i-sporotrichosis yezilwane ibilokhu yaziwa eBrazil kusukela maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, kusukela ngawo-1990 futhi ikakhulukazi kusukela ngo-2007, kube nokukhula okukhulu kokuqubuka kobhubhane, kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi leli gciwane libhekwa njengelivamile ezindaweni eziningana zezwe.
Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, Ezindaweni zaseBrazil ezithinteke yi-S. brasiliensis, kuye kwabikwa amacala abantu angaphezu kuka-11,000.Kulokhu kumele kwenezelwe amacala amaningi emakati—futhi ngezinga elincane ezinjeni—avame ukungabikwa. Iphethini iwukukhula kwesifo se-zoonosis, esikwazi ukuzinza futhi siqhubeke ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasezindaweni eziseduze nedolobha.
Lesi simo asisagcini nje endaweni yaseBrazil. I-Argentina, iChile, iParaguay, ne-Uruguay seziqalile ukubika amacala aleli gciwane. ye-sporotrichosis ehlotshaniswa ne-S. brasiliensis, eminye ngesimo sokuqubuka okuncane, okutholakala endaweni. Kusukela ngo-2009, imibiko ibilokhu inqwabelana emazweni amaningana alesi sifunda, futhi ngo-2023 amacala amathathu okuqala ngaphandle kweLatin America achazwa, e-United Kingdom, okugcizelela amandla okusabalala kwefungus emhlabeni jikelele.
E-Uruguay, I-Institute of Hygiene iqinisekisile ukusakazwa kwendawo kwe-S. brasiliensis Eminyangweni yaseMaldonado naseRocha, kwabikwa ukudluliselwa kwegciwane kusuka ekatini liye kubantu kanye namacala ezinganeni ezincane nakubantu asebekhulile. Lokhu kwabangela ukuthi kuqaliswe ukusebenza kwezinqubo zokuqapha yi-Ministry of Public Health kanye ne-Zoonosis Commission, okwaphawula ushintsho olukhulu ekuqapheni kwe-mycological ezweni.
EChile, isaziso saphakanyiswa lapho Icala lokuqala lomuntu le-S. brasiliensis latholakala kowesifazane oneminyaka engu-59 ubudala. Njengoba ehlala eConcón commune, isiguli kukholakala ukuthi sithole lesi sifo ekatini laso eliyisilwane, elaveza izilonda zesikhumba ezinzima futhi ekugcineni labulawa ngenxa yesimo salo esibi kanye nokusabela okunganele ekwelashweni. Okwamanje, ama-laboratory okubhekisela kuwo aqinisekisile okungenani amacala ayi-11 ezilwaneni (ikakhulukazi amakati nenja eyodwa) ezifundeni zaseMetropolitan naseMagallanes, ngaphezu kwamanye amacala okusolwa ukuthi aphenywa.
E-Argentina, ochwepheshe baphawule ukuthi Amacala e-sporotrichosis yekati aphindaphindeke esikhathini esingaphansi kweminyaka eyishumiE-Uruguay, idatha evela ekubalweni kwabantu kwakamuva ikhombisa ukuthi u-8% wemindeni unawo amakati, okuyisibalo esingahlanganisi ngisho nenani elikhulu lamakati azulazulayo nawasendle asebenza njengendawo yokugcina ukhunta. Konke lokhu kudala isimo esihle sokusabalala okuqhubekayo kwe-S. brasiliensis.
I-Sporothrix brasiliensis idluliselwa kanjani?
Ukudluliswa kwe-sporotrichosis kungalandela izindlela ezimbili eziyinhlokoZombili izindlela zokudlulisela zihilela ukugonywa kwesikhunta okubuhlungu ngesikhumba. Indlela ejwayelekile (engeyona eyezilwane ezifuywayo) yenzeka ngokubhoboza noma ukuklwebheka okuvela ezintweni ezingcolisiwe zezitshalo, njengezihlahla ze-rose, utshani, noma izinkuni. Indlela ehlukile evame ukwanda yi-zoonotic, lapho ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngokuxhumana nezilwane ezithelelekile, ikakhulukazi amakati.
Esimweni sendabuko, Abantu bangenwa yigciwane ngokuphatha inhlabathi, izitshalo, noma ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo.Yingakho i-sporotrichosis ngezinye izikhathi ibizwe ngokuthi “isifo sabalimi,” ehlotshaniswa nezisebenzi zasemapulazini, izindawo zokukhulisa izingane, ukuhlanza utshani, noma imisebenzi yokuzilibazisa yangaphandle ehilela ingozi yokuklwebheka.
Nokho, ngokwesimo se-S. brasiliensis, Amakati asephenduke abasingathi abakhulu kanye nama-vectorAmakati—ikakhulukazi lawo aphuma ngaphandle noma ahlala emigwaqweni—angangenwa yi-fungus ngokuthinta inhlabathi noma izitshalo ezingcolisiwe. Uma esethelelekile, athola izilonda zesikhumba ezicebile ngemvubelo ye-Sporothrix, egxila emanxebeni, emaqakaleni, kanye nasemisebeni.
Ukudluliselwa kwegciwane kusuka ekatini kuya kubantu kwenzeka ngokuyinhloko ngokusebenzisa:
- Imihuzuko kusuka ekatini elithelelekile, elifaka isikhunta kusuka ezinzipho zalo esikhumbeni somuntu.
- Ukulunywaikakhulukazi uma isilwane silimele emlonyeni noma ebusweni.
- Ukuthintana ngqo namanxeba, uqweqwe noma ama-exudates yamakati agulayo, noma ngabe ukulimala kwabantu kuncane noma kungabonakali kahle.
- Ukuchayeka ekukhiqizweni kwekhala noma kwamehlo, noma ukuthimula amakati anezifo ezithelelanayo ezithuthukile.
Kwezinye izigameko zokuqubuka kwalesi sifo, ziye zabhekwa njengomthombo ongaba khona. ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo, okuhlanganisa nezinja ezinezifo zesikhunta (ukhunta ezinjeninezinto ezingcolile, njengezinkuni ezimanzi ezisetshenziswa ezimayini (amacala achazwe eNingizimu Afrika) noma izinto zezitshalo ngemva kwezikhukhula, njengoba kubonwe eShayina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izifundo ziphakamisa ukuthi amagundane afana namagundane angasebenza njengabathwali futhi enze lula ukusabalala kwesikhunta ngokwendawo ngokuhamba njengabagcini bokuthutha ukudla.
Kuze kube manje, Ukudluliselwa okuqondile kwe-S. brasiliensis kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye akukabonakali.Kodwa-ke, ukudluliselwa phakathi kwabantu kuye kwachazwa kwezinye izinhlobo ze-Sporothrix, ngakho ochwepheshe bakhetha ukungakuchithi ngokuphelele lokho kungenzeka ezimweni ezithile.
I-Sporothrix brasiliensis namakati: izimpawu kanye nobunzima
Amakati ayizisulu zangempela futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo yiwona asakaza kakhulu ka-S. brasiliensis ekuqubukeni kwamanje. Ukutheleleka kwamakati kuvame ukuba kubi kakhulu futhi kubanzi kunakwezinye izilwane, kunomthwalo omkhulu kakhulu wesikhunta ezilonda zesikhumba, okwenza kube umthombo ophumelela kakhulu wokutheleleka.
Kumakati, Lesi sifo sivame ukuqala ngezilonda noma amaqhubu anezilonda Lezi zilonda zitholakala ebusweni, emlonyeni, ezindlebeni, noma emilenzeni yangaphambili. Zingase zophe igazi, zakhe amabala aqinile, futhi zingapholi ngisho nangemva kwamasonto. Njengoba ukutheleleka kuqhubeka, izilonda zingase zivele esiqwini, esiswini, nasemalungeni, zinezindawo ezingenazinwele kanye namanxeba abonakalayo kakhulu.
Izimpawu zomtholampilo ezivame kakhulu kumakati zifaka phakathi amanxeba angapholi, uqweqwe, i-alopecia yendawo, ukwehlisa isisindo kanye Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi ikati lami linomkhuhlaneEzigabeni ezithuthukile, i-sporotrichosis ingabhubhisa i-nasal septum, ibeke engcupheni uhlelo lokuphefumula, futhi ithinte ama-lymph node. Amakati aba buthakathaka, alahlekelwe isisindo esiningi, futhi, ngaphandle kokwelashwa noma ngokusabela okwanele, angafa.
Nabo baye bachazwa izinhlobo ezibanzi kakhulu ngokuthinteka kwe-mucous membranes (umlomo, impumulo, amehlo) kanye nezimpawu ezifana ne-conjunctivitis kanye nokukhishwa kwamehlo, ukuthimula njalo, noma ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula. Ezilwaneni ezinesifo sokuzivikela komzimba esibuthakathaka—isibonelo, amakati anama-retrovirus ekati njenge-FIV noma i-FeLV—lesi sifo sivame ukuba nolaka kakhulu futhi sibe nzima ukusilawula.
Izifundo kanye neziqondiso zemitholampilo zibonisa ukuthi Ukwelashwa kwamakati kuvame ukuba isikhathi eside futhi kubiza kakhulu.Ukutheleleka kuvame ukuhlala izinyanga eziningana. Kwezinye izimo ezithuthukile kakhulu, ngenxa yempilo ejwayelekile ewohlokile kakhulu kanye nokusabela okubi ekwelashweni nge-antifungal, i-euthanasia isetshenziswe ngezizathu zenhlalakahle yezilwane, njengoba kwenzeka ekatini elathelela isiguli sokuqala esitholwe eConcón. Noma kunjalo, ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukuthi ukutheleleka, ngokwako, akusifanelekeli ukubulala isilwane uma kukhona ithuba elifanele lokusabela ekwelashweni.
I-Sporotrichosis kubantu: izinhlobo zemitholampilo kanye nezimpawu
Kubantu, i-sporotrichosis ebangelwa yi-S. brasiliensis ivame ukuqala esikhumbeni endaweni yokugoma: izandla, izingalo noma imilenze yizindawo ezivame kakhulu, njengoba kuyizindawo ezivezwe imihuzuko kanye nokubhobozwa.
Uhlobo oluphawuleka kakhulu yi- I-sporotrichosis yesikhumba noma ye-lymphocutaneousNgemva kwesikhathi sokufukamela esingaba yisonto elilodwa kuya kwayishumi nambili, kuvela iqhubu elincane elibomvu, elipinki, noma elinsomi (iqhubu) endaweni yesilonda. Leli qhubu lingase libe nezilonda futhi libe yisilonda esibuhlungu. Ukusuka lapho, ngendlela ye-lymphocutaneous, kuvela iziqhubu ezintsha endleleni yemithambo ye-lymphatic, zakha uhlobo "lwentambo enamabhande" lwezilonda ezikhula emgqeni kusukela endaweni yokuqala kuya kuma-lymph node aseduze.
Kwezinye izimo, Izilonda zesikhumba zihlala zilinganiselwe endaweni eyodwa (ifomu eliqinile), yize zingaba nezilonda futhi zibe nomthelela omkhulu ekubukekeni, ikakhulukazi uma zithinta ubuso. Lesi sifo singathinta nolwelwesi lwamafinyila njengomlomo noma umgodi wamehlo.
Uma ukutheleleka kuhlobene namakati, Ezinye iziguli zithola ukusabela okwengeziwe komzimbaLezi zimpawu zingafaka phakathi i-erythema multiforme (amabala abomvu noma ama-plaque asakazeke emzimbeni wonke) noma ukuqhuma okusabalele kakhulu okunezilonda eziningi ezindaweni ezahlukene zesikhumba. Lezi zimpawu azibangelwa ukukhula okuqondile kwesikhunta, kodwa zibangelwa ukusabela kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ku-pathogen.
Ezimweni ezincane, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka Ezigulini ezine-HIV, umdlavuza, labo abathola ukwelashwa okucindezela amasosha omzimba, noma labo abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona ezingakhokhelwa, i-sporotrichosis ingaba nzulu futhi isakazeke. Kulezi zinhlobo ezinzima, isifo samathambo esibangelwa yifungal, izifo zamaphaphu, ukubandakanyeka kwamathambo, ngisho ne-meningitis kuye kwachazwa. Izilonda zesikhumba kulezi ziguli zingaba ziningi kakhulu futhi kube nzima ukuzilawula.
Esimweni saseChile esichazwe, Owesifazane wavelelwa yizilonda zesikhumba ezazidinga ukwelashwa kwesikhumba isikhathi eside.Nakuba isimo sakhe sonke sasisihle futhi wasabela kahle ekwelashweni nge-antifungal, lolu hlobo lokuqhubeka, oluhilela kakhulu isikhumba ezigulini ezingakwazi ukuzivikela, luvame kakhulu.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-sporotrichosis
Ukuxilongwa okufanele kubalulekile Qala ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ugweme izinkinga. I-sporotrichosis ingadidaniswa ngokwezokwelapha nezinye izifo zesikhumba, okuhlanganisa nezinye izifo ezijulile ze-mycoses, isifo sofuba sesikhumba, i-leishmaniasis, noma ngisho nezimila ezithile zesikhumba.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, Amasu ayisisekelo yi-microscopy, i-histopathology, kanye namasiko kwesikhunta. Amasampula athathwa ezilondeni (ukuklwebheka, ama-exudates, izingcezu zesikhumba noma i-subcutaneous tissue biopsy) bese ehlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope efuna imvubelo ephawulekayo, yize ezimweni eziningi inani lesikhunta esibonakalayo liphansi futhi kungaba nzima ukulibona ngqo.
Ukulima emithonjeni ethile ye-mycological Ivumela i-Sporothrix ukuthi ihlukaniswe futhi ihlukaniswe kwezinye izikhunta.Uma selikhulile, ilabhorethri ingatadisha izici zayo zokwakheka komzimba futhi, ezindaweni ezinezinsiza ezengeziwe, yenze izivivinyo zama-molecule ukuze ithole uhlobo oluthile (S. brasiliensis, S. schenckii, njll.).
Eminyakeni yamuva Izindlela zokuxilonga ama-molecule ziyathuthukiswa, njenge-PCR, enikeza imiphumela esheshayo nenembe kakhudlwana. Kodwa-ke, azikatholakali kabanzi kuwo wonke amazwe noma izifunda, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezilinganiselwe izinsiza, lapho ukuthembela kakhulu kumasiko namasu avamile kusalokhu kuphezulu.
Emakati nakwezinye izilwane, Inqubo iyafana: ukuthatha amasampula ezilonda (ngezinye izikhathi kusuka kuma-lymph node, umgodi wamakhala, noma ezinye izicubu) bese kuthunyelwa kuma-laboratory okubhekisela kuwo angaqinisekisa ukuba khona kwe-S. brasiliensis ngokuhlaziywa kwamasiko kanye nama-molecule. Ukuxhumana phakathi kodokotela bezilwane kanye nochwepheshe bezinto ezincane kubalulekile ekutholeni ukuqubuka okusha kusenesikhathi kanye nokuqapha ukusabalala kwesikhunta ngokwendawo.
Ukwelashwa okulwa nesikhunta emakati nakubantu
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-sporotrichosis ingelashwa ngempumelelo Ezimweni eziningi, uma nje kutholakale kusenesikhathi futhi ukwelashwa kulandelwa kahle. Noma kunjalo, akulona ikhambi elisheshayo: ngokuvamile kudinga izinyanga eziningana zokwelashwa okuqhubekayo.
En humanos, Imithi yokuqala i-itraconazole kanye ne-terbinafine.Lawa ma-molecule abonakale esebenza kahle ngokumelene ne-Sporothrix futhi yiwona asetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlotsheni zesifo zesikhumba kanye ne-lymphocutaneous. Isikhathi sokwelashwa sincike ebangeni lezilonda kanye nempendulo yezokwelapha, kodwa akuvamile ukuthi kuthathe izinyanga ezi-3 kuya kwezi-6.
Futhi ibilokhu isetshenziswa ngokomlando isisombululo se-potassium iodide esigcwele esithathwe ngomlomoLokhu ukwelashwa okungabizi kakhulu okungaba usizo kakhulu ezindaweni ezilinganiselwe kwezinsizakusebenza. Kodwa-ke, ukulungiswa kwayo kudinga ulwazi oluthile lwekhemisi futhi kungahlotshaniswa nemiphumela emibi, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwayo kumele kuqashwe ngokucophelela.
Ngezindlela ezihlelekile noma ezisatshalalisiwe, I-amphotericin B efakwa emthanjeni ibekelwe inketho yezimo ezinzimanjengokutheleleka okukhulu kwamaphaphu, ukubandakanyeka kwesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi, noma ukubandakanyeka okukhulu kwamathambo. Amanye ama-antifungal omugqa wesibili, njenge-posaconazole noma inhlanganisela yemithi, ahlolwa ngokusekelwe esimweni somzimba wesiguli kanye nempendulo yokwelashwa kokuqala.
Kumakati, Izincomo zomhlaba wonke zibonisa ukuthi i-itraconazole iyindlela yokwelapha ekhethwayo.Kwezinye izimo, ihlanganiswa ne-potassium iodide ukuze kuthuthukiswe impendulo. I-sporotrichosis yekati ebangelwa yi-S. brasiliensis ingaba lukhuni futhi imelane, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kuvame ukugcinwa okungenani izinyanga ezi-3 kuya kwezi-4, futhi ngezinye izikhathi isikhathi eside, kuze kube yilapho izilonda zinyamalala ngokuphelele futhi zingaphinde zivele isikhathi esifanele.
Izindleko zale mithi kanye nesidingo sokunikeza amaphilisi nsuku zonke izinyanga Ziyinselele emindenini eminingi.ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinemali engenayo ephansi. Ukwelapha ikati elilahlekile noma elihlala emphakathini ngokwelashwa okuhlala isikhathi eside nge-antifungal akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi, okwenza kube nzima ukulawula ukudluliselwa kwe-zoonotic ezindaweni ezinamakoloni amakhulu ekati.
Ochwepheshe bagcizelela nokuthi Abanikazi bamakati athelelekile kufanele babone udokotela uma bebona izilonda ezisolisayo. ezandleni, ezingalweni, noma kunoma iyiphi indawo eveziwe. Ukwelapha isilwane nomuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa kubalulekile ukuze kuphulwe uchungechunge lokudluliselwa kwegciwane futhi kuvinjelwe ukutheleleka ukuthi kungasabalali phakathi kwamakati endaweni.
Amaqembu anobungozi kanye nezici ezikhuthaza ukuqubuka kwezifo
I-sporotrichosis ingathinta abantu abaphilile kanye nabantu abasengozini.Kodwa-ke, amaqembu athile anamathuba amaningi okutheleleka noma athole izinhlobo ezimbi kakhulu zalesi sifo.
Ngokuphathelene nengozi yokuthelelana, Abantu abasebenza ngezitshalo, inhlabathi, noma izinto zezitshalo bavelele.Lokhu kufaka phakathi abantu abasebenza nabalimi, abalimi bezitshalo, abasebenzi bamahlathi, noma labo abaphatha utshani, utshani, noma i-sphagnum moss. Noma yimuphi umsebenzi wokuzilibazisa wangaphandle ohilela ukuklwebheka kwesikhumba nawo wandisa amathuba okutheleleka ngendlela yakudala yemvelo.
Ngokomongo we-S. brasiliensis, Amaqembu abonakala kakhulu yilawo axhumana njalo namakatiOdokotela bezilwane, abasizi bemitholampilo, izisebenzi zokuzithandela zokukhosela izilwane, abathumbi bezilwane ezifuywayo kanye, vele, nabanakekeli bamakati, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho amacala e-sporotrichosis yezilwane ezifuywayo asevele echazwe khona.
Ngokuphathelene nobunzima, Abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka basengozini enkulu yezinkingaIziguli eziphila ne-HIV, lezo ezithola ukwelashwa okucindezela amasosha omzimba, noma lezo ezinezimila noma izifo ezingamahlalakhona ezithuthukile zingase zibe nezimo ezisakazekile ezihilelekile ekuthintekeni kwamathambo, ukuphefumula, noma ubuchopho. Izingane ezincane kanye nabantu abadala nabo babhekwa njengabasengozini enkulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezici zemvelo nezenhlalo ezibangela lokhu kuqubuka kwezifo. Ukuthathwa komhlaba okubanzi, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, kanye nokwanda kwamadolobha okungalawuleki Ziphazamisa izilinganiso zemvelo futhi ziveza abantu nezilwane ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane ezazihlala ezindaweni ezivinjelwe kakhulu. Icala le-S. brasiliensis libonisa indlela ukuguqulwa kwezindawo zemvelo okungadala ngayo izinkinga zempilo yomphakathi ezibonakala “zintsha”.
Kwengezwe kulokhu ubuningi bamakati alahlekile noma afuywayo kancane Emadolobheni amaningi aseLatin America, lezi zilwane, ngokuvamile ezingabulawanga amagciwane futhi zikwazi ukungena ngaphandle, ziyalwa zodwa ukuze zithole indawo, ukudla, kanye nabangane, okuholela ekuklwebhekeni nasekulunyweni njalo, okulungele ukusabalalisa isikhunta phakathi kwezilwane, futhi kusukela lapho, kubantu.
Indlela yokuvimbela, yokulawula kanye ne-One Health
Azikho izindlela zokugoma noma izindlela ezithile zokuvimbela i-sporotrichosisIsu lisekelwe ekunciphiseni ingozi yokuchayeka, ukuthola amacala kusenesikhathi, kanye nokwelapha kokubili izilwane nabantu abathintekile.
Ezindaweni zasemakhaya noma lapho usebenza ngemifino, ukusetshenziswa kwamagilavu, izicathulo ezivaliwe kanye nezingubo zokuzivikela Ukuphatha ama-rose, utshani, ukhuni, noma i-moss kusiza ekunciphiseni ama-microtrauma avumela isikhunta ukuthi singene. Ukugcina isikhumba sihlanzekile nokubulala amagciwane emanxebeni amancane kunciphisa nengozi yokuthi i-inoculum ikhule.
Ngokuphathelene namakati, izincomo ezivela kochwepheshe zicacile: Khuthaza ubunikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo obunomthwalo wemfanelo, ukubulala inzalo, kanye nokuhlala endlini kwamakatiUkugcina amakati endlini nokulawula ukuthintana kwawo nezinye izilwane zasemgwaqweni kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuthi atheleleke noma asakaze isikhunta uma esenaso kakade.
Uma ikati liletha izilonda ezinamaqhubu noma ezinezilonda ebusweni, esiswini, noma emilenzeniUma izilonda zingapholi futhi ziba zimbi kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuyisa isilwane sakho kudokotela wezilwane ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze sihlolwe futhi, uma kudingeka, siqoqwe amasampula. Uma ukwelashwa nge-antifungal kuqala ngokushesha, amathuba okwelashwa ayanda futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokudluliselwa kwezinye izilwane nakubantu.
Kwabanakekeli kanye nabantu abasebenza nezilwane, noma yikuphi ukuklwebheka noma ukulunywa yikati okunezinhlungu ezisolisayo Lokhu kufanele kuthathwe ngokungathi sína. Kunconywa ukugeza kahle nokuhlanza indawo ethintekile, bese ubonana nodokotela uma kuvela amaqhubu, ukubomvu okuqhubekayo, noma izilonda emasontweni alandelayo. Ukwazisa udokotela ukuthi kube nokuxhumana nekati okungenzeka ukuthi linegciwane kuzosiza ekuxilongweni ngokushesha.
Ngokombono wezempilo yomphakathi, Ukulawula i-sporotrichosis ebangelwa yi-S. brasiliensis kudinga ukubambisana okuseduze phakathi kodokotela, odokotela bezilwane, odokotela bezifo eziwumshayabhuqe kanye neziphathimandla zezempilo.Le ndlela ehlanganisiwe, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-One Health, iyaqaphela ukuthi impilo yabantu, impilo yezilwane, kanye nesimo semvelo kuxhumene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa. Imikhankaso yokuqwashisa, izinhlelo zokubamba nokwelapha amakati agulayo, kanye nezinhlelo zokuqapha ezihlanganisa idatha yabantu neyezilwane ziyizingxenye eziyisisekelo zempendulo.
I-WHO ifaka i-sporotrichosis ohlwini lwayo lwezifo zasezindaweni ezishisayo ezinganakwa kanye Isebenza ukuthuthukisa imephu yezifo, ukuthuthukisa ukuxilongwa okusheshayo kwezindawo zokunakekelwa, kanye nokufuna izindlela ezintsha zokwelaphangaphezu kokuqapha isikhunta esikhulayo njenge I-Candida aurisKodwa-ke, ezindaweni eziningi kanye nasemiphakathini, isithiyo esikhulu sisekufinyeleleni emithini yokulwa namagciwane kanye nezinsizakalo zelebhu ezikwazi ukuqinisekisa amacala.
Kulomongo, Funda ukubona izimpawu emakati nakubantu, wazi ukuthi zidluliselwa kanjani, futhi uqonde ukubaluleka kokufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Uma kwenzeka izilonda ezisolisayo, isinyathelo sibalulekile. Okuhlangenwe nakho eBrazil kubonisa ukuthi, uma i-S. brasiliensis isivele imile endaweni ethile, ingasakazeka kabanzi uma kungathathwa isinyathelo esihlanganisiwe nesisheshayo.
Konke esikwaziyo kuze kube manje nge-Sporothrix brasiliensis kusikisela ukuthi iyisikhunta esikwazi ukuzivumelanisa kahle nempilo yasemadolobheni, sisebenzisa ithuba lokuhlalisana kwabantu namakati ukuze sande, kodwa futhi sinamathuluzi asebenzayo okusivimba uma sihlanganisa ukuqapha, ukuxilongwa okufanele, ukwelashwa nge-antifungal kanye nokuba nezilwane ezifuywayo ezithembekile, ukuze ukuhlala namakati ethu kuhlale kuphephile kuwo nakithi.
