I-Persian Violet isitshalo esine-herbaceous esingamasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-40 ukuphakama esinegama lesayensi elithi I-cyclamen persicum, Ingowomndeni wakwaPrimulaceae futhi ingowokuzalwa, njengoba igama layo lisho, ePheresiya eMpumalanga Ephakathi, ukusatshalaliswa kwayo kuhlanganisa ne-Alps yaseYurophu, kulokhu okuthunyelwe uzofunda ngokunakekelwa kwe-Violet yasePheresiya nokunisela kwayo.
I-Violet yasePheresiya
I-Violet yasePheresiya, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Cyclamen ne-Alpine violet, inegama lesayensi elithi I-cyclamen persicum, Kuyisitshalo se-herbaceous esikala phakathi kwamasentimitha angama-30 kuya ku-40, esibonakala ngokuqhakaza phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika, okwenza sikhange kakhulu ngoba zimbalwa izitshalo eziqhakaza ngaleso sikhathi.
Izimbali zikaViolet wasePheresiya, zinamacembe amakhulu avala elinye phezu kwelinye anikeze ukubukeka okuthile ezimbalini zawo, imibala yamacembe iyahluka komhlophe, obomvana, onsomi, isalmon kanye nobomvu. Amaqabunga awo anomumo omise okwenhliziyo ene-petiole ende kanti ingxenye engaphezulu yamaqabunga inezindawo ezisiliva ezidala iphethini eyodwa noma enye. Kuyisitshalo esingaphila iminyaka eminingana, uma ukunakekelwa kwanele.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwayo iveza isikhathi sokulala ezinyangeni ezishisayo zonyaka, lesi simo siyashintsha njengoba amazinga okushisa eqala ukwehla nomswakama ukhuphuka njengoba imvula ina. Ingenye yezitshalo ezimbalwa eziqhakaza ezinyangeni ezenzeka ekwindla, ebusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ngokufanayo, ubukhulu bezimbali zaso bubonakala buncane ezitshalweni ezindala kunasezitshalweni ezincane, lapho izimbali zazo zikhudlwana. Lesi sitshalo sithanda izimbiza ezincane kunezimbali.
Ukunakekelwa
Lapho i-Persian Violet itshalwa ezindlini, ngezinye izikhathi lezi zitshalo zihlala kancane kakhulu, ngokusobala ngenxa yokuthi zithinteka ekushiseni okufudumele kwendawo lapho zifakwe khona. Uma kwenzeka ufuna ukujabulela inombolo enkulu yezimbali ezivulekile isikhathi esiningi, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi uthenge isitshalo esinama-flower buds amaningi asendleleni yokuvuthwa ukuvula. Ukuze i-Persian Violet ijwayele ukujwayela kahle ezindlini, kufanele ibe nezimo ezilandelayo:
Ukukhanyisa: Izitshalo ezikhula kahle kakhulu ezindaweni lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kufinyelela kuzo ngokungaqondile, ngakho-ke kufanele kutshalwe ezindaweni ezinokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, ngenxa yalokhu kungcono kakhulu lapho uzitshala engadini ukuyibeka ezimbizeni noma ukutshala ngaphansi kwesihlahla. izihlahla. Uma ukhula endaweni engaphakathi kwendlu noma ku-greenhouse, thola eduze nendawo ethola ukukhanya okukhulu amahora athile osuku.
Ukuze izinga lokushisa eliwatholayo lihlale lipholile, kuphakanyiswa ukuba libekwe lapho litshalwe endlini, endaweni ebheke enyakatho futhi libekwe eduze kwefasitela ukuze lithole umoya, ngaso sonke isikhathi livimbele ekutholeni ukukhanya. ilanga. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuyibeka eduze kwesibani, indawo yomlilo, isitofu nanoma yimuphi omunye umthombo wokushisa, ngoba isitshalo silala, izimbali zaso ziyawa futhi amaqabunga avuleke.
Ngokusho kwabalimi abaningana, lezi zitshalo zikhula kangcono emazingeni okushisa ahlukene, kuye ngokuthi zikhula kangakanani kanye nesikhathi sonyaka. Ngokwabacwaningi abaningana, amazinga okushisa afanelekile alezi zitshalo asebangeni eliphakathi kuka-12°C kuya ku-20°C, ngemva kokutshala kabusha asekela amazinga okushisa aphakathi kuka-16 kuya ku-18°C. Ngokufanayo, ngesikhathi sasehlobo, izinga lokushisa elifaneleka kakhulu libonakala liphakathi kuka-18°C kuya ku-20°C futhi, lapho izinga lokushisa liqala ukwehla, lawo alisekela kangcono liphakathi kuka-12°C no-15°C, kusukela ngenyanga. October eqala ukuqhakaza kwawo.
umswakama wendawol: Kungcono ukukhulisa i-Persian Violet endaweni lapho kunomswakama omuhle futhi indawo ezungezile ipholile, kuphakanyiswa ukubeka ibhodwe epuleti ngesihlabathi esimanzi, ukugcina isitshalo sipholile ngaphandle kokuxhuma inhlabathi. Isikhathi sokutshala. Lesi sitshalo kuphakanyiswa ukuthi sitshalwe phakathi naphakathi nasekupheleni kwehlobo, lokhu kuzosiza i-Persian Violet ukuthi iqhakaze kahle ezinyangeni zasekwindla noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Obhalisile noma ukukhulelwa: Kunconywa ukuvundisa ngomanyolo owuketshezi ngamanzi okunisela njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu (izinsuku eziyi-15 noma ezingu-20), ngesikhathi sokukhula kwawo nesigaba sokuqhakaza, kufanele kube umanyolo ophansi we-nitrogen futhi ngale ndlela ukukhula kwesitshalo kulawulwa. .amahlamvu. Kungcono ukufaka umanyolo lapho inani le-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium ligcinwa ngokulingana ngoba lokhu kokugcina kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqhakazeni.
ukungena kwenhlabathi: Umhlabathi kufanele ukhanye ukuze kube nomoya omuhle. Uma ukuqhakaza sekuphelile, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kukhishwe amaqabunga esitshalo se-Persian Violet, amaqabunga adonswa kuze kube yilapho isiqu sihlukana ne-bulb, ngenhloso yokukhipha noma iyiphi ingxenye yesiqu futhi ngaleyo ndlela ingabonakali ezifweni. Ngokufanayo, lapho ukuqhakaza sekuphelile, okungukuthi, lapho izimbali namaqabunga omile futhi enyamalala, inhlabathi iyashintshwa, futhi inhlabathi evundisiwe kanye ne-peat ibekwe phezu kwayo ukuze ingxube ihlale inomoya futhi i-spongy.
Lokhu kwenziwa uma sekudlule cishe izinyanga ezi-4 kuya kweziyi-5 ngemuva kokutshala isitshalo se-Persian Violet, futhi sinamaqabunga acishe abe ngu-10 kuye kwayi-12, ingathuthelwa embizeni engamasentimitha ayi-8-9 ububanzi bese iba kwelinye eliphakathi kuka-12 kuya ku-14 amasentimitha. ububanzi. Lokhu kufakelwa kungenziwa futhi ngqo ebhodweni eliqondile, ukuphatha kahle ukuchelela nokuvundisa, kusetshenziswa i-substrate elinganiselayo noma inhlabathi. Uma usutshaliwe, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kwengezwe umanyolo ohlala isikhathi eside kanye ne-substrate.
Uma ukhula i-minicyclame, ukutshalwa kwayo kuqondile ebhodweni lokugcina lika-8 kuya ku-9 cm. i-substrate noma inhlabathi. Kunconywa ukuhlwanyela i-Persian Violet endaweni engaphansi noma ene-acidic ene-pH esondele ku-6.
Ukunisela
Lesi sitshalo siniselwa kangcono yi-capillarity, ukugwema ukulimaza amaqabunga nezimbali. Okungukuthi, unganiseli izitshalo ezivela phezulu ngesitsha sokunisela, noma unganiseli umhlabathi. Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi amanzi abekwe esosoni lengadi ngaphansi kwebhodwe nokuthi izinga lamanzi limanzise inhlabathi, ngaphandle kokuba izinga lamanzi libe ngaphezu kwesibani. Amanzi azokwazi ukungena ngezimbobo ebhodweni futhi amanzise inhlabathi. Ngemuva komzuzu kuya kwemibili imizuzu edlule, ipuleti liyasuswa. Ngale ndlela amanzi angaphezulu ayaphuma. Imvamisa yokunisela. Iyaniselwa uma ithinta phansi bese yomile.
Ukusabalalisa kanye Nokuphindaphinda
Abalimi abathengisa izitshalo ze-Persian Violet bazisakaza kuphela ngembewu, etholwa abalimi abakhethekile, ngoba ukuthola imbewu ye-Persian Violet kunzima, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amaphesenti abo okuhluma ayancipha cishe ngonyaka wesithathu. Ukusabalalisa ngembewu, kusetshenziswa amathreyi angama-3-centimeter multilocular, futhi lapho imbewu isibekiwe, imbozwa ngenhlabathi encane noma i-substrate esetshenzisiwe.
I-pH yenhlabathi noma i-substrate iphakanyiswa ukuthi ibe cishe ku-6. Ukuze uthuthukise izinga lokudla okunomsoco we-substrate noma inhlabathi, kunconywa ukuba uvundise ngomanyolo ocebile ngama-micronutrients bese kuthi ngesonto elilandelayo umanyolo oxutshiwe ufakwe emanzini okunisela, imithamo emincane yama-macronutrients enephesenti eliphansi le-nitrogen namaphesenti aphezulu e-phosphorus ne-potassium.
I-Persian Violet inesikhathi sokuhluma esingamaviki angu-4, izinga lokushisa elifanele liphakathi kuka-18°C kuya ku-20°C, okungenani libe ngu-15°C kanye no-22°C eliphezulu. Uma usebenzisa amagumbi okuhluma amnyama emazingeni okushisa ayi-17°C. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-80 kuya kwezingu-90, amaqabunga okuqala eqiniso avela. Ukuze uthole ama-hybrids amasha anokuthuthukiswa kofuzo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisana nokusabalalisa ukulima kwesibeletho, ngokuhlukanisa ama-corms.
Amasiko
Ukufaka isandla empilweni yabo, izimbali ezomile noma ezibunile namaqabunga ayasuswa, ukuvimbela ama-parasites ukuba angaweli kuwo. Ukuze uvuse izimbali uma isitshalo sesithuthukisiwe, zama ukubeka i-Persian Violet ezingeni lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-13°C kuya ku-15°C ebusuku. Okunye ukwelashwa ukufakwa phakathi kuka-20 kuya ku-30 ppm we-GA3 kumqhele wezimbali, njalo uzama ukungabangeli ukuthi ama-peduncle aqhume.
Izici ze-Violet yasePheresiya
I-Persian Violet isitshalo esinesiqu esifana ne-bulb, esinomjikelezo wokuphila okungapheli, esinesilinganiso sobude obuphakathi kwamasentimitha angama-30 kuya kwangu-38. Kukhona futhi ama-cultivars noma izinhlobo ezincane, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-minicyclame. Njengalezi ezinkulu, zinezimbali ezinemibala egqame kakhulu. I-tubercle yayo inombala omnyama futhi iyindilinga futhi isicaba.
Amaqabunga awo amise okwenhliziyo futhi anenyama ngokubukeka ane-petiole ende. Ifaka amaqabunga aluhlaza okumnyama anamabala anombala osiliva avela ngezindlela ezihlukene. Izimbali zayo zodwa futhi i-hermaphrodite. Bazalwa ekugcineni kwe-peduncle, banamacembe amahlanu anomumo we-wavy, anokwakheka kwe-velvety, ahlelwa emuva futhi amacembe awo angaba nemibala egqamile kakhulu, kusuka kumhlophe, pink, salmon, obomvu obomvu, onsomi. . Isikhathi sokuqhakaza kwayo sisukela ekwindla kuya entwasahlobo. Izithelo zawo zingama-capsules avuthwa phakathi kwezinyanga ezi-4 kuya kweziyi-5 ukuze avuthwe.
Ingena endaweni ethule phakathi nezinkathi zasehlobo ngenxa yokushisa kwayo okufudumele kanye nomswakama ophansi wendawo, iphinde isebenze lapho amazinga okushisa ehla futhi izimvula ziqala. Uma igcinwe kahle, i-Violet yasePheresiya ingaphila iminyaka eminingana. Isakazwa ngazo zonke izinkathi zonyaka. Izibonelo ze-Violeta de Persia zidayiswa phakathi kwezinyanga zika-Okthoba kuya kuFebhuwari.
Izinhlobonhlobo
Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo noma izinhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo kukhona eziningana ezingatholakala ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo kanye nezindawo zokugcina izithombo, phakathi kwezigaba ezahlukene: Thayipha "Pastel" eyadalwa eJalimane, eFrance naseBelgium, ebaluleke kakhulu kwezohwebo. Ezinye izinhlobo "Johan Strauss" kanye "J. Brahms” ngaphezu kwamanye amagama abaculi. Kukhona izinhlobo zakudala noma ezaziwa kakhulu ezinezimbali ezinkulu. Kulolu hlobo kukhona okuthiwa "Aaalsmeer" nochungechunge "Rosa de Zalendorf", "Harlequin"; "Sylphire", "Cardinal" nabanye.
Ngaphandle kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo, lezi nzalo ezilandelayo nazo ziyagqama: I-F1 Hybrid, enemigqa ehlukene yeqembu ngalinye lembewu: «Firmament», «Virgo», «Concerto», «Carmen», «Pastourelle», «Rosamunde, nabanye. Uhlobo oluncane, olunokubaluleka okwandayo: «Syrius», «Willie», «Brigitte», «Collete», «Anglia». Uhlobo lwe "Rococo", olwatshalwa kabanzi eminyakeni engama-20 edlule.
Isifo Nezifo
Lezi zitshalo zizwela kakhulu ezifweni ezibangelwa isikhunta ezingalimaza ama-Violets asePheresiya, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba zizalwe noma ngisho nangemva kokusungulwa kwezitshalo, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kwenziwe izinqubo zezolimo ezifana nokubulala amagciwane e-substrate, ukuqapha ukuchelela kanye nemithamo. kamanyolo, ikakhulukazi phakathi nezinyanga ezibandayo, phakathi kokunye. Izifo nezilokazane ezingabahlasela zichazwe ngezansi.
Izifo
Ukubola okumpunga: Phakathi kwezifo ezingaphathwa yi-Persian Violet, i-Botrytis yaziwa, isifo esikhiqizwa ukhunta okuthiwa I-Botrytis cinerea. Izimpawu ukukhula kwesikhunta esinombala omlotha, esibonwa emacembeni amaqabunga awo nakuma-peduncle ezimbali, ezinamachashaza afanayo okubukeka komlotha angabonakala kumacembe ezimbali. Ukuvimbela izitshalo ze-Violet zasePheresiya ekuguleni I-Botrytis cinerea, kuphakanyiswa ukugwema ukumanzisa isitshalo lapho benisela. Susa amaqabunga lapho amabala omlotha abangelwa ukhunta abonwa khona. Faka izifutho ze-fungicide.
Ngemva kokuhluma, imbewu ingonakaliswa yi I-Phythium debaryanum Hesse kanye I-Rhizoctonia solani I-Kühn ethinta izithombo ezibolayo futhi zibune ezinsukwini ezimbalwa emva kokuhluma. Ukwelashwa kwalezi sikhunta kuwukuvimbela, ngokusebenzisa inzalo yomhlabathi noma enye i-substrate.
Ikhowe I-Thielaviopsis basicola I-Berk, ibangela lesi sifo "ukubola kwezimpande", izimpawu zalesi sifo ziyabuna kanye ne-chlorosis yamaqabunga, ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho isitshalo siyeka ukukhula ngenxa yomonakalo owenziwe empandeni. Ukwelashwa kokuvimbela lesi sifo ukukhishwa kwe-disinfection ye-substrate, ukuqaphela ukungagcwali kwe-substrate noma inhlabathi, noma ukusebenzisa umanyolo omningi, ukwehlisa imvamisa yokunisela, ikakhulukazi ekwindla nasebusika.
Ukubola kwe-rhizome: Ibangelwa ukhunta I-Fusarium oxysporum Schel, izimpawu ziyi-chlorosis yezitho zamaqabunga futhi zibangele nokufa kwe-Violet yasePheresiya. Ukuze ugweme lesi sifo, ukulawulwa kokuvimbela kufanele kwenziwe, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kubulawe amagciwane ku-substrate, kuhlukanise izitshalo ezigulayo ze-Persian Violet kanye nokuhlanza ukhula nezitshalo ezigulayo ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ukubola kwezimpande, ama-rhizomes nama-petioles: Lesi sifo sibangelwa ukhunta okuthiwa Cylindrocarpon radicicola I-Wr. Kungenzeka ukuthi isikhunta sibonakala ngenxa yemikhuba emibi yezolimo njengokunisela okuningi nokujwayelekile, ukugeleza kwamanzi okungalungile, ukuvundiswa nge-nitrogen eningi nokunye.
Izinambuzane
Ama-Violets asePheresiya angathinteka yizibungu ezinjenge I-Stenotarsonemus pallidus, lezi zimbuzane zihlasela amaqabunga nezimbali zibonakale zishwabene. Ngaphezu kwalesi mite, i-Persian Violets iphinde ihlaselwe izibungu zesicabucabu, ama-aphid kanye nama-thrips.Ukuze ugweme ukuhlaselwa kwabo, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kwenziwe ukwelashwa kokuvimbela futhi kusetshenziswe ama-acaricides nama-insecticides ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwe-substrate nokugcinwa kwezitshalo.
Amathrips Ukuhlasela: Ukulunywa kwenza amaqabunga abebomvu futhi alinyazwe ukulunywa kwama-Trips, abonakala ngamachashazi amaningi amnyama, okube ubulongwe balezi zinambuzane. Ukulawula kwayo kusetshenziswa isibulala-zinambuzane.
Ukuhlaselwa yi-Weevils I-Otirrhynchus rugosostriatus: Leli bhungane elincane elilimaza amaqabunga ngokuluma emaphethelweni awo. Lapho zifinyelela esigabeni sazo sabantu abadala ziba mnyama noma onsundu ngokumnyama, ubukhulu bazo bungamamilimitha ambalwa ubude. Izibungu zaleli bhungane zihlala ngaphansi komhlabathi futhi zidla izimpande, zigqwalile kanye nama-bulb of the Persian Violets. Ukulawula ukuhlasela kwayo lapho ubheka amaqabunga agayiwe, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kusetshenziswe isibulala-zinambuzane esifana ne-"malathion" noma enye i-phosphorous. Ukufakwa kanye nomthamo kwenziwa ngokuya ngalokho okukhonjiswe kulebula yesibulala-zinambuzane.
ukuhlasela kwesibungu: Ziyizibungu plusia sp., kanye nezinye izibungu noma izibungu, ukulawulwa kwayo kufanele kwenziwe esigabeni sezingane lapho zincane kakhulu, lokhu kwenziwa ngokufafaza izitshalo ngomkhiqizo onjenge "Lindano". Izikelemu ezimpunga noma ze-donut zidla esiqwini se-Persian Violets ezingeni lekholomu, eduze nomhlabathi. Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kubekwe izinti zokulwa nazo. Omunye umonakalo udalwa ama-nematodes ohlobo lwe-Meloidogyne.Kulezi, i-nematicide kufanele ifakwe emhlabathini futhi kusetshenziswe isibulala-magciwane emhlabathini.
Izifo Zomzimba
Ukunisela ngokweqile kufanele kugwenywe ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi lapho ukuqhakaza iziqu zembali zithambe futhi kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yenhlabathi egcwele amanzi ngenxa yokushoda kwamanzi. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi iziqu zibe phuzi noma iziqu zibole ngemva nje kokuthengwa kwezitshalo, lokhu kwenzeka ngoba lapho uthenga izitshalo eziqhakazayo ekwindla noma ngenkathi yasebusika, ku-greenhouse ekamelweni lokushisa futhi lapho ziyiswa ezindlini zifudumala. ngenxa yokushisa, lesi sitshalo siyathinteka futhi sibonwa yi-chlorosis yamaqabunga.
Ukuze ugweme lokhu, izitshalo kufanele zijwayele ekhaya kuqala, zibekwe eduze kwamafasitela kanye nezinsuku kamuva, uma zifunwa, endaweni efudumele kancane. Ngokufanayo, ukuvimbela izimbali namaqabunga awo ukuthi angaboli, kuphakanyiswa ukunisela nge-capillarity. Okusho ukuthi, amanzi afakwa epuleti futhi ibhodwe libekwe kulo cishe imizuzu eyi-10, ukuze izimpande zimunce amanzi nge-capillarity njengoba inhlabathi imanzisa, bese ipuleti lisuswa.
Lokhu kwenziwa uma ubona umhlabathi owomile. Nisela kabili ngeviki lisamila futhi ngesikhathi sasehlobo ngenxa yokuthi lilele, liyaniselwa kancane kakhulu. Ungakwazi futhi ukutshala i-Persian Violet engadini, njengoba imelana nezinga lokushisa elifinyelela ku-5°C, nakuba kufanele ivikelwe emisebeni yelanga, ikakhulukazi phakathi namahora okukhanya okukhulu kakhulu kosuku.
Ngikumema ukuthi uqhubeke nokwazi imvelo emangalisayo nokuthi ungayinakekela kanjani, ufunda lokhu okuthunyelwe okulandelayo: