Emhlabeni wanamuhla, i-cinema iyingxenye ebalulekile yesiko lethu nokuzijabulisa. kusukela okujabulisayo omkhulu wamabhayisikobho ashisa izikhotha emafilimini azimele akhangayo, isikrini esikhulu siye sathatha umcabango wababukeli bethelevishini ngezindlela ezingenakucatshangwa. Kodwa wake wazibuza ukuthi kwaqala kanjani konke? Eminyakeni engu-128 edlule, umcimbi oyingqopha-mlando washintsha unomphela indlela esizwa ngayo umhlaba obonakalayo: ukudalwa ifilimu yokuqala emlandweni. Lesi sigameko esiyingqopha-mlando siphawule ukuqala koguquko lwasesinema, uhambo olusidlulisele ezindabeni eziningi ezijabulisayo ezivezwa ngezinga elikhulu.
Namuhla, Ifilimu yokuqala emlandweni iphenduka iminyaka engu-128: lokhu kwakuyinguquko ye-cinema futhi sikutshela konke ngezansi.
Ukuzalwa kwe-cinema: abazalwane bakwaLumière
Umlando we-cinema uqala ngawo-1890, lapho Abazalwane uLouis no-Auguste Lumière, abasunguli namaphayona baseFrance, bethula indalo yabo emangalisayo eGrand Café eParis. Bekunguye December 28 we-1895, futhi izethameli ezazibuthene lapho zabona into engakaze ibonwe ngaphambili: ukuvela kwezithombe ezihambayo esikrinini. Ifilimu, enesihloko esithi "I-Sortie de l'usine Lumiere à Lyon" (Ukuphuma kwefekthri iLumière eLyon), kuthathe imizuzwana embalwa nje, kwakungenamsindo noma umbala, kodwa umthelela wako wawumkhulu kakhulu.
Iwindi eliya emhlabeni omusha
Ifilimu yokuqala yabazalwane bakwaLumière yathwebula isigcawu sansuku zonke: abasebenzi beshiya imboni ekupheleni kosuku lwabo lokusebenza. Nakuba kungase kubonakale kuyinto evamile uma kuqhathaniswa nezindaba ezidumile ezixoxwa esikrinini esikhulu namuhla, lokhu chungechunge okufushane kuvule iwindi elingena ezweni elisha. Abantu bamangala ngomlingo wezithombe ezihambayo kanye nekhono lokuqopha iqiniso ngokubukeka, naphezu kokuba indawo ethule emnyama nokumhlophe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuhlobene nomthelela we- ubuciko emphakathini kanye nokuvela kwayo phakathi neminyaka edlule, kudala ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zokubonisa okubukwayo.
Uguquko lwamasinema luyaqhubeka
Ukuhlolwa kwezelamani zakwaLumière kwaphawula ukuqala kwenguquko yamasiko engakaze ibonwe. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bamafilimu buthuthuka, abenzi bamafilimu bazama izindlela ezintsha zokuxoxa izindaba nokuthutha ababukeli ezindaweni ezikude nasemihlababeni ecatshangwayo. Ukuxoxwa kwezindaba okubukwayo kwavela ngokushesha, futhi amafilimu aqala ukuhlanganisa izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi, imiphumela ekhethekile engavamile, nama-engeli ahlukene ekhamera. impela umsebenzi wobuciko besinema ngesikhathi sawo. Le nqubekelaphambili iqhathaniseka nezinto ezintsha ezikhona Ubuciko bobuKristu, lapho amasu obuciko avela khona ukuze athwebule kangcono ingqikithi yezindaba ababefuna ukuzixoxa.
I-Cinema njengendlela yokuxhumana emhlabeni jikelele
Ukuthandwa kwe-cinema kwanda ngokushesha ngaphesheya kwemingcele yaseFrance. Ngesikhashana nje, kwasungulwa amahholo amabhayisikobho emhlabeni wonke, aba izindawo zokuhlangana nezokuzijabulisa zabantu babo bonke ubudala. I-Cinema ayizange ibe uhlobo lokuzijabulisa nje kuphela, kodwa futhi yaba ithuluzi lokusabalalisa ulwazi nenkulumo-ze phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yokuqala neyesibili. Lawa mandla okuxhumana emhlabeni wonke angabuye abonakale ezincwadini namandla awo okuguqula imiphakathi, njengoba kuhlaziywa ku. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Les Misérables, ehlola izingqikithi zomhlaba wonke ezizwakala kusinema yanamuhla.
Umlando omfushane wokuvela kwe-cinema
Njengoba sesivele sazi, ifilimu yokuqala emlandweni yayimfushane, ithule futhi ingenambala. Ukuqagela okuthobekile kwe-cinematographic okwavusa, nokho, okukhulu kokumangala futhi kungashintsha umlando wobuciko nomphakathi unomphela. Kwakuyisiqalo esihle esathuthuka kancane kancane esihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kwaze kwaba yilapho sifinyelela eqophelweni eliphezulu lesinema yanamuhla. Lapha sibala kafushane izigaba ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwe-cinema kuze kube manje:
- Ngawo-1920, umsindo wahlanganiswa, okwadala izingxoxo futhi kwavumela amafilimu ukuba axoxe izindaba ngendlela egxilile. Ngakho-ke, ama-Talkies angeze isici esisha kubuciko besinema, okuvumela abalingisi ukuthi bakhulume futhi umculo uzwakale emahholo.
- Ngawo-1930, umbala wethulwa ebhayisikobho., okumaka ushintsho olukhulu olubonakalayo nokwengeza amaqiniso kumamuvi. Lobu buchwepheshe bacwengisiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi baduma ngeminyaka yawo-1950. I-cinema yombala yenza amafilimu aphile ngendlela entsha, ikhulisa imizwelo futhi yacwilisa ababukeli esakhiweni.
- Njengoba i ikhulu lamashumi amabili, ubuchwepheshe befilimu baba yinkimbinkimbi, buvumela imiphumela ekhethekile ngokuya ihlaba umxhwele. Ukufika kwekhompuyutha ngasekupheleni kwawo-70 kwaguqula imiphumela yokubuka, kwaletha amamuvi emhlabeni ocatshangwayo kanye nezidalwa ezingakaze zibonwe ngaphambili.
- Okwamanje, ubuchwepheshe befilimu bufinyelele ukuphakama okusha nge imiphumela ekhethekile ethuthukisiwe kanye nokuqagela kwe-3D. Amamuvi adalwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bedijithali nezisetshenziswa ezisezingeni eliphezulu, okuvumela ukudalwa kwemihlaba ebonakalayo emangalisayo kanye nokuzizwisa okujulile okubonakalayo nomsindo.
Ifa Elihlala Njalo
Namuhla, iminyaka engu-128 ngemva kokuqagela kwabazalwane bakwaLumière, i-cinema isaqhubeka nokuba yindlela enamandla yokukhuluma nokuzijabulisa. Kusukela kumafilimu akudala okumnyama nokumhlophe kuya kuma-blockbusters akamuva e-3D, i-cinema ithuthuke ngendlela okungekho muntu owayengacabanga ngayo kuleyo khefi yaseParis ngo-1895. Izindaba ezixoxwa kusikrini esikhulu ziyaqhubeka nokuthwebula imicabango yethu, zidlulisele imizwa, futhi zixhumane nabantu emhlabeni jikelele. Ngalo mqondo, i-cinema ingabhekwa njengokuziphendukela kwemvelo ukulandisa kanye nendaba, exhumanisa izingqikithi zomhlaba wonke kuwo wonke umlando.
I-cinema ngokungangabazeki ingenye yezinketho zokungcebeleka ezaziwa kakhulu ezitholakala kuwo wonke umuntu namuhla, kokubili kubathandi bama-movie nalabo abawujabulela ngezikhathi ezithile. Kunoma yikuphi, kuyindlela ejabulisayo esinika isikhashana sokunqanyulwa nokuzijabulisa, okuhlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezingenakubalwa zempilo yengqondo, njengoba ochwepheshe abaningi bebonisa.
Siyabonga bazalwane bakwaLumière ngokusinika icinema!
Ifilimu yokuqala eyake yaphawula ukuqala kwenguquko yamasiko eye yamelana nesikhathi. Abazalwane bakwaLumière abagcinanga nje ngokudala uhlobo lokuzijabulisa, kodwa baphinde baphila uhlobo lobuciko olube nomthelela emphakathini ngezindlela ezijulile nezibalulekile.
Isikhumbuzo seminyaka engu-128 yokuzalwa kwesinema siyingqopha-mlando esiyigubha namuhla ngokubonga okukhulu ngobuhlakani babazalwane bakwaLumière.. Ngokungangabazeki, babengamaphayona asivumela ukuba sibone umhlaba nge-lens entsha, eqhubeka isihlaba umxhwele ngokukhanya kwawo okunamandla. Siyaziqhenya ukusho ukuthi kusukela ngo-2023, yile ndlela inguquko yefilimu, futhi yile ndlela ezoqhubeka ikhanya ngayo ezikhathini ezizayo.