Izingane ziyibhokisi lezimanga. Nakuba sonke sesidlule kulesi sigaba sempilo, iqiniso liwukuthi ziningi izici ze- ukuziphatha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa ezimangazayo nakubazali abanolwazi. Kusukela ekusebenzeni komzimba okuyisisekelo kuye kokuziphendulela okuyinkimbinkimbi kokuzenzakalela, yonke ingxenye yokuziphendukela kwemvelo inamaqiniso athakazelisayo okufanele ufundwe ngawo.
Kulesi sihloko sethula uhambo oluningiliziwe lwe izigaba zokukhula kwengane Ezinyangeni zokuqala, ikhono labo lezinzwa elimangalisayo, ukukhalipha kwabo okuyisici, izizathu eziningi zokuziphatha kwabo, kanye namathiphu okuthi ungahambisana kanjani kahle futhi ushukumise le nqubo.
Izinsuku zokuqala: ukuzivumelanisa okukhulu nezwe elisha
Ngemva kokuzalwa, umntwana uba noshintsho olukhulu. Ishiya isibeletho sikamama—indawo efudumele, enomswakama, nevikelekile—ibheke ngaphandle, ukukhanya okunamandla, nokuthintana ngokuqondile. Lolu shintsho luzibonakalisa ku-a isimo sokuqapha esimangalisayo okwenzeka phakathi nemizuzu embalwa yokuqala, lapho umntwana osanda kuzalwa ehlala evule amehlo futhi esabela ekushukunyisweni kwezinzwa.
Phakathi nalesi sigaba sokuqala, izingane Behlise umoya kalula uma kukhona umama wabo. Bambona ngenzwa yakhe yokuhogela kanye nezwi lakhe ababevele belizwe esibelethweni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lesi sibopho sokuqala somzwelo siyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukiswa kwemizwelo nobuchopho.
Umhlaba ngokusebenzisa izinzwa zosana
Emasontweni ambalwa okuqala, izinzwa zezingane zithuthukiswa ngokukhethekile. Ziyithuluzi lakho eliyinhloko lokuqoqa ulwazi mayelana nemvelo. Ake sibone ukuthi ngayinye isebenza kanjani:
- Indlebe: Ingane izwa imisindo evamile, ikakhulukazi izwi likanina. Kusukela enyangeni yokuqala kuya phambili, ikhanda lingaphendulwa ukuze libheke umthombo womsindo.
- Amehlo: Nakuba zizalwa zingaboni kahle, ziyakwazi ukubona ebangeni elingamasentimitha angu-20 noma angu-30. Babona kangcono umehluko nobuso, ikakhulukazi labo abanombono. Ukubona ngombala kwenzeka phakathi kwezinyanga ezi-4 neziyisi-6.
- Iphunga: Ithuthuke kakhulu ngesikhathi izalwa. Ziyakwazi ukuhlukanisa unina ngephunga lakhe phakathi namahora ambalwa okuphila, elizisiza ukuba zizizwe zilondekile futhi zithole ibele ukuze zincelise.
- Nambitha: Bazalwa benezinzwa zokunambitha eziningi kunomuntu omdala, okubenza babe ezwela kakhulu kuma-flavour. Banesifiso sokwenza izinto ezimnandi.
- Thinta: Ingenye yezinzwa zakho ezibaluleke kakhulu. Bajabulela ukuthintana ngokomzimba, ukubhucungwa kanye nokuphululwa. Ukuthintana kwesikhumba nesikhumba nomama kukhuthaza ukuhlangana nokukhiqizwa kobisi ngesikhathi sokuncelisa.
I-Primitive Reflexes: ukusabela okunomthelela
Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zibonisa uchungechunge lwezimo ezizenzakalelayo ezizisiza ukuba ziphile futhi zivumelane nendawo yazo. Lezi zimo zivame ukunyamalala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kanti ezinye ziba amakhono okuzithandela. Abamele kakhulu yilaba:
- I-Moro reflex: Umntwana welula izingalo nemilenze yakhe lapho ezwa ukuthi uyawa noma ezwa umsindo omkhulu, abese ezigona.
- Sesha i-reflex: Iphendulela ikhanda ibheke ohlangothini lwesisusa lapho isihlathi siphululwa. Kuyisihluthulelo sokuthola isifuba.
- Ukudonswa reflex: Imunca ngokuzenzakalela noma iyiphi into ebekwe emlonyeni wayo, ebalulekile ukuze idliwe.
- I-reflex yokuhamba: Uma umbambe izinyawo zakhe zibheke phezulu, uzobonakala sengathi uzama ukuhamba.
- I-Palmar bamba i-reflex: Ivala iminwe yakho ngokuzenzakalelayo uma okuthile kubekwe entendeni yesandla sakho.
Izigaba zokukhula komzimba nemisipha phakathi nonyaka wokuqala
Izigaba zokukhula zihlukile kuyo yonke ingane. Okunye ukuthuthuka kuza ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanti okunye kuza ngemuva kwesikhathi, kodwa konke kunokuhleleka okungalindelekile:
- Izinyanga ezi-0 kuya kwezi-2: Uphakamisa ikhanda kafushane, uguqule izingalo nemilenze, alandele izinto ngamehlo. Amanye ama-primitive reflexes asekhona.
- Izinyanga ezi-3 kuya kwezi-4: Ithuthukisa ukulawula kwamehlo futhi iqala ukuxhumanisa ukunyakaza ngezandla. Ingakwazi ukuphakamisa i-torso uma ibheke phansi.
- Izinyanga ezi-5 kuya kwezi-6: Aqale ahlale angasizwanga, agingqike, abambe izinto ngezandla zombili.
- Izinyanga ezi-6 kuya kwezi-9: Ikhasa, ihlezi iqinile, iqala ukuma ngokusekelwa.
- Izinyanga ezi-9 kuya kwezi-12: Ithatha izinyathelo ngokusekelwa, ingahamba izinyathelo ezimbalwa iyodwa, futhi igcine ibhalansi lapho imile.
Ulimi, ukuxhumana kanye nemizwa
Ukukhala ulimi lwabo lokuqala. Kusukela emahoreni okuqala, izingane zisebenzisa imisindo ethize ukuveza izidingo, njengendlala noma ukungakhululeki. Cishe izinyanga ezintathu, ukutshiyoza kuqala, futhi kamuva, amagama okuqala afana no-"ma" noma "pa," nakuba engakawahlanganisi nabazali bawo.
Ngenyanga yesine, izingane eziningi ziqala belingisa imisindo nesimo sobuso. Lokhu kubonisa indlela yokuqala yokuxhumana nabantu. Ngonyaka owodwa, abaningi sebevele besabela emiyalweni elula njengokuthi “cha” noma “woza lapha.”
Ilukuluku elimangalisayo mayelana nezingane
- Bakhala ngaphandle kwezinyembezi: Nakuba beveza imizwelo ejulile, izindlala zabo ezikhala izinyembezi azikakhuli ngokugcwele, ngakho azikhiphi izinyembezi zangempela kuze kube yilapho sezinezinsuku eziyi-15-20 ubudala.
- Banamathambo amaningi kunomuntu omdala: Bazalwa benamathambo angaba ngu-300, amaningi awo ekugcineni azohlangana ukuze akhe amathambo amadala angama-206.
- I-reflex yokubhukuda: Ezinyangeni ezingu-6 zokuqala, zingase zibambe umoya ngokuzenzekelayo futhi zinyakaze izingalo nemilenze ngenkathi zisemanzini.
- Inkumbulo yokuqala yokuhogela: Ziyakwazi ukubona iphunga likanina ngemva kwamahora ambalwa zibelethile.
- Ukushintsha umbala wamehlo: Izingane ezizalwa zinamehlo anombala okhanyayo zingase zibe noshintsho lombala phakathi nezinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala ngenxa ye-melanin.
Indlela yokuziphatha neyokulala
Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa azihlukanisi phakathi kwemini nobusuku. Ezinyangeni zakhe zokuqala, Ukulala kwenzeka ngemijikelezo yemizuzu engama-30 kuye kwengama-50, ukulala amahora angu-15 kuya kwangu-18 ngosuku, emabhuloki aphazanyiswa ukudla. Ngezinyanga ezi-4, bafinyelela isikhathi samahora angu-5-6 okulala okuqhubekayo.
Isimo ngasinye sokwazi sinomthelela ekuziphatheni kwakho: kusukela ekulaleni okuthulile, ukuyaluza, ukuhlala uqaphile, ukuphaphama kuya ekukhaleni okusebenzayo. Izingane eziningi zishintsha ngokushelela zisuka kwesinye isimo ziye kwesinye uma isimiso sezinzwa siphilile.
Ukondla kanye ne-lactation
Emasontweni ambalwa okuqala, izingane zidinga ukudla njalo emahoreni angu-2-3. Ubisi lwebele luwukudla okufanele futhi lunikeza izivikeli mzimba. Uvame ukulala ngesikhathi sokuncelisa, njengoba ukumunca kufuna kakhulu kubo.
Bangase futhi baveze i-colic. Lezi zivame ukunyamalala ngemva kwenyanga yesine. Uma ingane ingatholi isisindo esanele, udokotela wezingane angase ancoma ukuhlanganisa ukuncelisa ibele nefomula.
Ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo kanye nezimpawu zokuxwayisa
Kubalulekile ukunaka impilo yakho, inhlanzeko nokuphepha. Amanye amathiphu abalulekile yilawa:
- Shintsha ama-diaper njalo ukugwema ukungakhululeki.
- Gwema izinto ezincane engafakwa emlonyeni.
- Elalisa ingane emhlane futhi kuvimbele ukufa kwezingane ngokuzumayo.
- Gwema ukuthwala ingane ngenkathi uyiphethe iziphuzo ezishisayo.
Xhumana nodokotela wakho wezingane uma ubona izimpawu ezifana nalezi ukungabi nampendulo emisindo, ukungabi namehlo, ubunzima bokudla noma ukuhlehla ezimpumelelweni zokuthuthukisa ezenziwe.
Ukuziphatha nokukhula komntwana ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila kuyingxube ethakazelisayo yemizwa engokwemvelo, amakhono amangalisayo kanye nezinguquko eziqhubekayo. Ukuqonda ukuthi ama-reflexes abo asebenza kanjani, yiziphi izinzwa ezithuthuke kakhulu, noma ukuthi kungani belala ngendlela ethile kusisiza ukuba sizisekele kangcono kulesi sigaba esikhetheke kakhulu. Ngokubekezela, ukunaka, nothando oluningi, singahlangabezana nezidingo zabo futhi sijabulele yonke inqubekelaphambili.
