Sikhuluma ngakho imidlalo ebhalwe nguFederico García Lorca, ukusuka kweyokuqala kuye kweyokugcina, kusukela ekuhlulekeni kwayo kuya ezimpumelelweni zayo ezituswa kakhulu.
UFederico García Lorca wayengumuntu ovelele waseSpain, owazi ngokubhala futhi wafakwa esizukulwaneni sika-'27. Omunye wezibalo ezibaluleke kakhulu zesikhathi sakhe mayelana nomhlaba obhaliwe.
Imidlalo ebhalwe nguFederico García Lorca
UFederico García Lorca wayengu imbongi yaseSpain, umbhali wemidlalo kanye nombhali wephrozi, kufakwe ngaphakathi kwe isizukulwane sika '27. Ngokungangabazeki wayengomunye wezimbongi ezathola ukuthandwa okukhulu nomthelela e ISpain engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20. Wayezobulawa uhlangothi lwamavukela-mbuso lapho kugqashuka iMpi Yombango YaseSpain.
I-Biography
Un NgoJuni 5, 1898 uFuente Vaqueros (eGranada) uzobona ukuzalwa komunye wezibalo ezifanele kakhulu zemibhalo. yokuthi kungaba yini i-panorama yesikhathi esizayo yemibhalo ye-Spanish. Wazalwa ngonyaka nje lapho iSpain yalahlekelwa khona amakoloni kumama owayenguthisha nobaba owayenomhlaba ozinikele ekukhuliseni ama-beet nogwayi ethafeni.
Lapho uFederico eneminyaka eyishumi nanye, wonke umndeni, okuhlanganisa abazali bakhe, umfowabo kanye nodadewabo ababili Bathutha bayohlala edolobheni laseGranada. Lolo shintsho lwedolobha lwaphazamiseka amahlobo ababewachitha emaphandleni, e-Asquerosa endala nanamuhla eValderrubio. Kwakuyoba lapho lapho uFederico ayezobhala khona ingxenye ebalulekile yomsebenzi wakhe. Wayezoqinisekisa: “Ngiyawuthanda umhlaba. Ngizizwa ngixhumene naye kuyo yonke imizwa yami. Izinkumbulo zami ezikude kakhulu ngiseyingane zinambitha umhlaba" futhi zifana naleso sibopho esasibalulekile ukuze sibhalwe Umshado Wegazi.
Kuyo yonke imisebenzi yakhe, kodwa ikakhulukazi ezinkondlweni zakhe, yena Kubonisa indlela agcina ngayo amasiko omphakathi wasemaphandleni. Izinto ezingavamile zendawo yasemaphandleni, indawo lapho ukucabanga nokudalwa kwakuchichima njengemvelo ngokwayo, indawo lapho imizwa yomuntu efana nesifiso, uthando noma ukufa kuvela khona.
UFederico wafunda i- amadigri kuFilosofi nezincwadi kanye noMthetho eNyuvesi yaseGranada. Ngaleso sikhathi kusukela ngo-1914 kuze kube yiminyaka ebizwa ngokuthi i-20, wayehlangana nezinye izihlakaniphi ezisencane zesikhathi sakhe futhi aye endaweni yokubuthana. Izikhungo zokubuthana zazivamile, lapho abantu abancane nabancane abakhanyiselwe abavela emikhakheni ehlukene efana nezinkondlo, izincwadi, ubuciko, ipolitiki, umculo, ubuntatheli noma icinema bahlangana futhi babelana ngemicabango nolwazi lwabo.
Ukuqala komsebenzi wakhe wobuciko
Okuvamile kakhulu, futhi kwakungenxa yabo bonke laba bantu abathintekayo endaweni yesehlakalo saseSpain, ukuhamba futhi bavakashele izifunda ezahlukene zaseSpain kodwa futhi baye eFrance lapho abaningi babo bezophinde bahlangane khona. Ekanye nabanye abafundi, wadlala uhambo lokuqala oludabula eSpain olwaluzoletha isidingo sakhe sokuziveza ngokubhala, kwakuyoba ngaleso sikhathi lapho kuzalwa incwadi yakhe yokuqala yephrozi: Okuvelayo kanye Nezindawo (1918).
EMadrid Student Residence, lapho ahlala khona kusukela ngo-1919, kwaba umhlangano wezihlakaniphi. Ukusinika umbono, badlula lapho Albert Einstein noma Madame Curie. Abantu ababe neqhaza elibalulekile kumbhali ngokwakhe. Abanye abalingiswa besikhathi sakhe njenge uCalandino Luis Buñuel, uRafael Alberti noma uSalvador Dalí bazonikeza umoya omusha empilweni yezenhlalo kaLorca. futhi kwamvumela ukuba agweme isithukuthezi esingokwengqondo, into umlobi ayeyenyanya.
Ngokufika kweminyaka eyishumi "ye-20s ebhongayo" yayizofika umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala wetiyetha: Isiqalekiso sovemvane. Ngaleso sikhathi, wahlangana noManuel de Falla, umuntu obalulekile ezinhlelweni eziningi zikaLorca, ezibandakanya emculweni nasekuculeni i-flamenco.
Iseshashalazi liyadlala
Imidlalo kaFederico García Lorca yenziwa yaziwe phakathi kuka-1920 no-1936 kodwa qhubeka nokumela namuhla ezinhlelweni eziningi zaseshashalazini. Ake sibazi bonke ngezansi.
I-Butterfly Curse (1919)
Ngo-March 22, 1920, i-Eslava Theatre eMadrid yaba nombukiso wokuqala womdlalo umdlalo wokuqala owabhalwa nguFederico García Lorca. Bekunemidlalo emine kuphela futhi ama-boo azwakala kuwo wonke. Kwaba ukwehluleka.
Umbhalo wawumayelana ukukhungatheka, uthando nokufa. Umsebenzi inkanyezi amaphela kanye nomoya wendaba yezingane. Nokho, indikimba bekukude ukuthi ingeyezingane, kodwa igcina isiyidrama yabantu.
Izethulo zaklanywa ngezithombe zikaRafael Barradas kanye nemihlobiso kaMignoni. Lokhu kuxoxe ngendaba yabalingiswa abambalwa abavela emphakathini wamaphela lapho uCurianito egqama khona ngobizo lwakhe lwenkondlo kuyilapho abanye bemenqaba ngenxa yaleso sizathu. Ukufika kovemvane olunephiko eliphukile futhi elifayo kumelela ushintsho endleleni uCurianito acabanga ngayo umhlaba njengoba ehlanyiswa wuthando nalo. Lapho nje ezocela umshado kubhabhathane, ufa emdansweni futhi ubangele ukufa kabuhlungu kukaCurianito.
UMariana Pineda (1925)
Umsebenzi wawunjalo eyabhalwa phakathi kuka-1923 no-1925 nakuba umboniso wayo wokuqala etiyetha wathatha kwaze kwaba ngu-1927. Lapha, ipeni likaLorca lafika lizosixoxela indaba esekelwe empilweni ka-Mariana de Pineda Muñoz, umlingiswa obalulekile ekumelaneni nokubuyiselwa okuphelele eSpain ngekhulu le-XNUMX.
Lona oneminyaka engu-26 ubudala waseGranada wayekhona wagwetshwa intambo ngesikhathi sempi ngenxa yokuvikela inkululeko. Endlini yakhe kwatholakala ifulege elalibonisa amagama athi: inkululeko, ukulingana kanye noMthetho, okwakungubufakazi bokumbeka icala nokumlahla.
Umenzi wezicathulo omangalisayo (1926)
Umthungi wezicathulo omangalisayo unikeze gxuma esiteji ngo-1930 ukusixoxela enye indaba ngoLorca. Lapha, egxilile emshadweni wokuphila kalula, owesifazane uphoqeleka ukuba alwe phakathi kweqiniso lakhe nezifiso zakhe. Ungafunda kabanzi ngalo msebenzi ku-.
Siyathola abalingiswa abathathu ababalulekile: umthungi wezicathulo, umyeni wakhe nengane. Ingane kuzoba nguye yedwa edolobheni umthungi wezicathulo angakwazi ukukhuluma naye futhi emphatha njengendodana ngoba yena akakwazi ukuba nazo.
Umyeni womthungi wezicathulo uyanyamalala bese kufika udoli edolobheni, ngaphezu kokujabulisa abantu osungula ubungane nomthungi wezicathulo futhi athole ukuthi uyamkhumbula umyeni wakhe. I-puppeteer uzothola ngokushintshana, lapho naye ekhumbula umkakhe nokuthi umthanda kanjani ngoba uyiqiniso lomthungi wezicathulo ezifihlile.
Uthando lukaDon Perlimplín noBelisa engadini yakhe (1926)
Lo msebenzi umayelana ne-a idrama emfushane eyayizocutshungulwa ngesikhathi sobushiqela bukaPrimo de Rivera futhi ayizange ibone ukukhishwa kwayo kwaze kwaba ngu-1933.
UDon Perlimplín nguye ikhehla elingalwazi uthando eliwela ezinyaweni zentombi ashada naye ngenkani. Nokho, uthandana nenye indoda. Bobabili abalingiswa basivala ku-tragicomedy ethambile futhi ebhubhisayo ngesikhathi esisodwa.
I-altare likaDon Cristóbal (1930)
I-altare likaDon Cristóbal yi-a i-farce ye-puppet okusitshela ukuthi indoda ecebile nenesihluku ifuna intombi ezoba unkosikazi wayo. Okuthile okuhambisana nezifiso zikamama ka-Doña Rosita ofunela indodakazi yakhe umkhongi omuhle. Bobabili bazofinyelela esivumelwaneni sokuthola abakufunayo, okubangele amashwa kwabanye. Umshado uzoba yize uRosita ezokwazi ukweqa umyeni wakhe ahlangane nezithandwa zakhe, agcine esezala izingane ezi-5. Kusuka lapho ukukhala nemibhedo kuzoqhubeka kuwo wonke umlando.
Umphakathi (1930)
Ikhishwe eminyakeni engu-56 ngemva kokubhalwa kwayo, kuyacatshangelwa omunye wemidlalo ebaluleke kakhulu endaweni yaseSpain yekhulu lama-20.
Kungumsebenzi we-surrealist lapho, ngamabomu, kungenakwenzeka ukubona ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye eziwumbono futhi yiziphi izingxenye eziyiqiniso elimangalisayo. Ngalo msebenzi ivikela ilungelo lenkululeko evusa inkanuko ngenkathi sifunda izifiso zobungqingili ezicindezelwe.
Umphakathi, Ngakho kudlula iminyaka emihlanu futhi i Amahlaya angenasihloko Kunemisebenzi emithathu ebizwa ngokuthi "Ithiyetha engenakwenzeka yeLorca", isebenza lapho i-surrealism ibusa khona.
Ngakho kudlula iminyaka emihlanu (1931)
Sebenza lapho a indaba yothando nokufa, kufakwe phakathi "kwetiyetha engenakwenzeka ye-Lorca".
ITypist of a Library iveza uthando lwayo olungaguquki eNsizwaneni ekhuluma nekhehla, kusukela lapho. abalingiswa abahlukahlukene kanye nezindaba zabo ziyalandelana ngethoni ye-surreal.
Umshado Wegazi (1932)
Inhlekelele evesini nephrozi leyo Yayizokhishwa ngo-1933 futhi yenziwe ifilimu ngo-1938.. Lisitshela ukuhlaziya umuzwa odabukisayo, ogxile njengendikimba eyinhloko yokuphila nokufa. Manje, konke lokhu kusukela endleleni yokhokho yokukubona, lapho izinganekwane nezinsumansumane, kanye nezindawo zase-Andalusian zihlangana ndawonye ukuze zisiyise endaweni ethile. izwe lezinkanuko, umhawu, ukushushiswa nokufa. Uthando luwukuphela kwento engahlula lesi sakamuva.
I-Barren (1934)
inyumba kungenzeka ukuthi kuhlangene Umshado Wegazi omunye wemidlalo kaLorca owaziwa kakhulu. Kuyo, kwenzeka inhlekelele endaweni yasemaphandleni. Kanye nalokhu osekushiwo Umshado Wegazi futhi nge Indlu kaBernarda Alba kuyingxenye ye- "Lorca trilogy". Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana Indlu kaBernarda Alba kuwebhusayithi yethu.
UDoña Rosita the Spinster noma Ulimi Lwezimbali (1935)
Lo msebenzi uzoba owokugcina owabonwa uLorca wawumele kusukela yakhululwa ngo-December 13, 1935. Ngayo, wenza umjikelezo omusha omangalisayo owawuyoqhubeka nezihloko ezimbili ezengeziwe: Amaphupho Omzala Wami u-Aurelia kanye nethi The Nuns of Granada. Imisebenzi ebengingeke ngikwazi ukuyibhala.
Ngalo mdlalo uyaqhela kumadrama asezindaweni zasemakhaya futhi abhekane nedrama yomlando.
Indlu kaBernarda Alba (1936)
Lo msebenzi ubungeke ubone ukukhanya kosuku, noma ushicilelwe noma uboniswe okokuqala kuze kube Ngo-1945 eBuenos Aires. UBernarda Alba, ngemva kokuba umfelokazi okwesibili eneminyaka engu-60, unquma ukuphila iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ezayo ngokulila okunzima.
Kulo msebenzi, Lorca ichaza iSpain ejulile yekhulu lama-20, umphakathi wendabuko lapho indima yabesifazane ingeyesibili, kunokwesaba ukuthola ukusondelana kanye nenkolo kudlangile.
Amahlaya Angenasihloko (akuqediwe, 1936)
Lo msebenzi wawuzohlala ungakaqedwa ngokushona kukaFederico García Lorca. Sazi kuphela isenzo sokuqala salo mdlalo kusukela ngaleso sikhathi Ubeyibhala ngesikhathi ebulawa ekuqaleni kweMpi Yombango YaseSpain.
