Ku-astronomy, i-constellation yiqembu lezinkanyezi ezibonakala zisesimweni esiqondile, ezibonakala kahle ebusuku. Uma ungathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe ngama-constellations , ukwakheka kwawo, umlando, nokuningi, sikumema ukuthi ufunde lesi sihloko.
Iyini imilaza?
Ekuqaleni, lezi kwakuyizinqwaba zezinkanyezi ezazikhona kusukela ekuqaleni kwendawo yonke , abantu basendulo abanquma ukuzixhumanisa nemigqa ecatshangelwayo, bakha amaphethini aqanjiwe abawabona esibhakabhakeni ebusuku. Kodwa-ke, indawo yazo ebonakalayo njengoba ibonwa eMhlabeni ayibonisi ngempela izikhundla zazo zangempela endaweni yonke enkulu.
Kuze kwaba nokwenzeka ngisho nokunquma ukuthi ezinye zalezi zinkanyezi, ezihlanganiswe imigqa ecatshangelwayo, azikho ezindaweni ezine ezinezikhala zesikhala; ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi eziningi zazo ziyiminyaka ekhanyayo ngokwehlukana kwazo, nakuba incazelo yazo yokuqala. uzibeke njengezinkanyezi ezitholakala ezindaweni eziseduze.
Esinye isiphetho esithakazelisayo esifinyelelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwamaqembu ezinkanyezi asendulo ezinkanyezini ukuthi, ngokomthetho, ayexhunyaniswe ngendlela engaqondakali ngokuphelele, ngoba ezinye izimpucuko zazizihlanganisa ngezindlela ezahlukene, ngezinye izikhathi zisebenzisa inkanyezi efanayo ukuze zihlanganise ekumeleleni kwazo.
I-Mediterranean kanye neMpumalanga Ephakathi
Iminikelo yabantu abahlala ezindaweni ezifana neMedithera neMpumalanga Ephakathi ibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba bakwazi ukudala izimpawu zezinkanyezi emakhulwini eminyaka edlule. Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi abantu baseningizimu baqaphela futhi baqamba amagama ezinkanyezi eziningana , ngokusekelwe kakhulu ezinkolelweni zabo zenkolo.
Kodwa lapho kwabonakala khona ithonya elikhulu lezinkanyezi zaseMedithera naseMpumalanga kwakungabantu ababehlala eningizimu, abathatha amagama abaseYurophu abawanika amaqoqo ezinkanyezi futhi baqala ukufunda ukwakheka kwezinkanyezi ababengazazi kuze kube yileso sikhathi.
Ama-hemisphere asezulwini ahlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili, ngakho izazi zezinkanyezi zihlukanise amaqoqo ezinkanyezi ngamaqembu amabili, ngokwendawo yawo kuma-hemisphere asezulwini aqashelwayo, okuyilawa:
Amaqoqo ezinkanyezi asenyakatho , okuyilawo atholakala enyakatho yomugqa wesibhakabhaka ophakathi nendawo.
Amaqoqo ezinkanyezi aseningizimu , lawo atholakala eningizimu yalowo mugqa ofanayo ongokomfanekiso.
Kwabaluleka kakhulu ukutadisha izinkanyezi kangangokuthi ngo-1928 i-International Astronomical Union (IAU) yayisisunguliwe, eyahlanganisa ngokusemthethweni umhlaba wasezulwini waba izinkanyezi ezingu-88 , yamisa imingcele ethile phakathi kwazo, yaqinisekisa ukuthi yonke inkanyezi ebonakalayo esibhakabhakeni, kuhlanganise namaPulsar, yayifakiwe ngaphakathi kwemingcele yokumelwa okungokomfanekiso kwezinkanyezi.
Ngaphambi kuka-1928, kwase kutholakale izinkanyezi ezincane , ezadalelwa ukuqoqa izidalwa zasezulwini ezazingezona ezezithombe ezikhona, kodwa ngekhathalogi eyenziwe ngalowo nyaka, zayeka ukusetshenziswa futhi zashiywa, ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa okuqondile okwenziwe yi-International Astronomical Union (IAU).
Izici zezinkanyezi
Zibonakala ngokuba izinkanyezi umuntu azinikeze izibalo eziye zazakha ngendlela eqanjiwe endaweni ezungezile yasezulwini, futhi zibhekwa ebusuku kuphela. Angasetshenziselwa ukuthola kalula indawo lapho izinkanyezi zikhona. Kodwa umlaza ngamunye unezici ezingezona zawo futhi ziwenza uhluke, njengendawo yawo, ukwakheka kwawo kanye nokwandiswa kwawo.
umlando wezinkanyezi
Kuwo wonke umlando, kuye kwatholakala ukuthi imiphakathi eminingi yayiwazi amaqoqo ezinkanyezi , ngalinye linikeza incazelo enamandla, ngokuvamile eyimfihlakalo nevikelayo. Izifundo zisivumele ukuthi sisungule umlando wamaqoqo ezinkanyezi , ngokusekelwe olwazini lwamasiko ahlukene, esizowachaza manje:
imilaza yasendulo
Kuye kwenzeka ukuthola amarekhodi omlando afakazela ukuthi izinkanyezi ezifana neLeo, iTaurus, neScorpio zase zaziwa kakade eMesopotamia cishe ngo-4000 BC, nakuba ngamanye amagama, ngezinjongo ezingokoqobo noma eziyimfihlakalo, kanye nesiqondiso sokuhamba ngemikhumbi.
Inqubekelaphambili ocwaningweni lwamazulu ezikhathini zasendulo yayifaneleka kangangokuba emaqenjini angama-88 ezinkanyezi ayehlukaniswa ngu-Eugène Joseph Delporte we-International Astronomical Union (IAU), cishe ama-50% avela kulokho okwakucatshangwa izazi zezinkanyezi zasendulo. kumelwe sikhumbule ukuthi ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX ngaphambi kukaKristu, uHomer kakade wayebhekisele emlaza we-Orion encwadini yakhe ethi The Odyssey.
I-Zodiac, ehlukaniswe ngamaqoqo ezinkanyezi ayishumi nambili , yaqala eBhabhiloni ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaNebukadinesari II ngekhulu lesi-6 BC, yasungula ubuhlobo phakathi kwesithombe ngasinye sasezulwini kanye nezigaba eziyishumi nambili zenyanga zonyaka. Kamuva yamukelwa yimpucuko yamaGreki, eyanika amaqoqo ezinkanyezi amagama awo amanje.
Iqoqo elidala kunawo wonke lamaqoqo ezinkanyezi elitholakale lisukela esikhathini sikaClaudius Ptolemy, owahlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kwezinkanyezi ezingu-1022, zahlanganiswa zaba amaqoqo ezinkanyezi angu-48 , emsebenzini wakhe obizwa ngokuthi i-Almagest, ngekhulu lesibili BC.
imilaza yamaShayina
Kuye kwatholakala ukuthi ukwakheka kwezinkanyezi zaseShayina kuyizinkanyezi ezindala kakhulu emhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinkanyezi zihluke kakhulu kulezo eziqashelwa namuhla yi-International Astronomical Union, njengoba kwakulindelekile, njengoba lokhu kwamuva kwakusekelwe ngokuyinhloko ekufundweni kwezinkanyezi kwamaGreki asendulo.
Izifundo zezinkanyezi zaseShayina zahlukanisa indawo engaphansi kwesibhakabhaka ezindaweni ezingama-31, lapho ezi-3 zathola igama lezindawo ezivalekile (sān yuán), eziseduze neNorth Pole, kwathi ezingama-28 zazibizwa ngokuthi yizithabathaba (èrshíbā xiù) futhi zazitholakala endaweni yesifunda. I-North Pole. Zodiac.
Izinkanyezi zamaHindu
Izazi zezinkanyezi zempucuko yamaHindu yasendulo zahlanganisa izinkanyezi kanye nezinkanyezi, zakha isithombe esifana kakhulu naleso ezazifisa ukusimelela, ngaphansi kombandela wokuthi isithombe sihlale sibonakala siqondile. Igama abalinika amaqoqo ezinkanyezi kwakungu-nakshatra, okusho ukuthi indlu enkulu yenyanga, futhi kunezindlu ezinkulu zenyanga ezingu-27.
Uhlu lwezindlu zenyanga noma amaNakshatras lungabonakala emibhalweni yasendulo yamaVedic, kanye naseShatapatha Brahmana. Incwadi yokuqala ehlobene nesayensi yezinkanyezi ekhuluma ngabo iVedanga Jyotisha yaseLagadha. Uma sibukeza izinganekwane zamaHindu, sizothola ukuthi amaNakshastra ayeyindalo yeDaksha, futhi kuqondwa ukuthi ahlanganisa amadodakazi alowo nkulunkulu futhi angabafazi bakaChandra, ongunkulunkulu wenyanga.
Izinkanyezi ze-Inca
Ukufundwa kwamazulu kwakuyindaba edingidwa kabanzi empucukweni yama-Inca. Ayenezigaba ezimbili zezinkanyezi : izinkanyezi ezikhanyayo noma zezinkanyezi , kanye nezinkanyezi ezimnyama noma ezimnyama , ezakhiwe ngokugxila kothuli negesi phakathi kwezinkanyezi , okudala izithunzi ezimnyama ezibusa izikhala ngaphakathi kwe-Milky Way .
Amanye amasiko angaphambi kwe-Columbian
Ngokwesiko lamaNahua, izinkanyezi ezihambisana neBig Dipper zafanekisa umfanekiso we-jaguar (Ocelotl). Isayensi yezinkanyezi yamaMaya isalokhu iyimfihlakalo.
Endabeni yamaMexica, ngolimi lwawo ayenegama elithi Citlalli, elisho inkanyezi ngokwezwi nezwi, kuye kwatholakala ukuthi ayezibonele wona isibhakabhaka sasebusuku nokuthi ayethole izinkanyezi ezingaba ngu-30.
AbakwaChibcha base besungule ukuxhumana phakathi kokukhuphuka kwenkanyezi yenkanyezi uSirius nesikhathi lapho kuqala inkathi yemvula.
AbakwaMocovíes babecabanga ukuthi i-Milky Way yayifana nomgwaqo, ababewubiza ngokuthi i-nayic, owawugijima ubheke entabeni futhi kukho konke ukunwetshwa kwayo wawuzungezwe ama-asterism amaningi, ayexhunyaniswa nezinganekwane nezindaba zemihlangano phakathi kwama-shaman nezinhlangano. abanikazi, abenze nabo izivumelwano ukuze bathole ukusinda.
Amasiko ahlala enyakatho yePatagonia, cishe ngekhulu le-XNUMX nele-XNUMX, ayenenkolelo yokuthi i-Milky Way yakha umfanekiso wensimu yokuzingela ama-rheas, lapho abazingeli babesebenzisa khona ama-boleadora ayedwetshwa ngendlela yokukhomba, eyakhiwe i-alpha kanye ne-alpha. beta Centauri, kuyilapho iMagellan Clouds yayimelela izidumbu zezilwane ezazizingiwe kanye nePleiades, ezazibizwa ngokuthi amazinyane ayisikhombisa, akha isidleke se-rhea.
Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukufundwa kwamasiko abomdabu base-Australia kanye nolwazi lwabo lwezinkanyezi, ikakhulukazi labo ababenezindawo zabo zokuhlala enkabeni yezwekazi labo, ngoba babekwazi ukuhlonza izibalo ezinemigqa emnyama esibhakabhakeni sabo sasebusuku.
Ngokufanayo, amasiko abomdabu baseNingizimu Melika akwazi ukubona nokuhlonza izindawo ezimnyama ku-Milky Way, okungamafu akhiwe uthuli lwendalo yonke olumunca ukukhanya okuvela ezinkanyezini, njenge- Oort Cloud , futhi ngalezi ziboniso, bakwazi ukucabanga ngezinkanyezi zabo . Elinye lamaqoqo ezinkanyezi amelwe kakhulu emasikweni abo yi-Emu esibhakabhakeni, eyakha ingxenye yezinganekwane zabo futhi isukela endaweni yaseScorpius iye endaweni yeSouthern Cross.
imilaza yezinkanyezi
Okokuqala, kufanele kuchazwe ukuthi i-Zodiac iwumugqa ongokomfanekiso esibhakabhakeni lapho, ngokombono, ilanga namaplanethi kuhamba khona. Ngekhulu lesi-5 BC, le ndawo yesibhakabhaka yahlukaniswa yaba izingxenye eziyi-12 ezilinganayo, eyodwa inyanga ngayinye yonyaka, futhi yaqanjwa ngamagama ezinkanyezi atholakala ngaphakathi noma eduze kwawo, yakha ama-asterism okukhona kwawo ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwe-zodiac okungenzeka kakhulu.
Izinkanyezi zikaPtolemy
Ngaphezu kwezinkanyezi eziyishumi nambili ze-Zodiac, uPtolemy wenza izifundo zesibhakabhaka ezamvumela ukuthi athole ezinye izethulo ezingu-36, ezaqoqwa emephini eyenziwe nguDürer ngo-1515.
Ngenxa yezifundo zakhe, izinkanyezi ezingu -48 ezichazwe nguPtolemy emsebenzini wakhe zaba yizo ezaqashelwa yisayensi yaseNtshonalanga kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kweNkathi Ephakathi. Okuwukuphela kokwahluka kwakuyi-Argo Navis, noma uMkhumbi we-Argos, oqanjwe ngomkhumbi wama-Argonauts ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki, kamuva owahlukaniswa waba izinkanyezi ezine ngazinye , zonke ezamukelwa ngaphandle kokuguqulwa yi-International Astronomical Union.
imilaza yesimanje
Isizathu sokwakhiwa kwezinkanyezi zanamuhla kwakuwukuhlanganisa izinkanyezi ezazivele zitholwe futhi zichazwe kodwa ezazingabonwa e-Alexandria, lapho uPtolemy enza khona izifundo zakhe, yize zazibonakala eningizimu yedolobha. Ngenhlanhla ngesayensi yezinkanyezi, ekupheleni kweNkathi Ephakathi, umsebenzi kaPtolemy watholwa ngabaseYurophu ngenxa yokuhunyushwa kwawo ngesiLatini kusuka emithonjeni yesi-Arabhu.
Kodwa akukho lutho olwalungiselela izazi zezinkanyezi zekhulu le-16, lapho abashayeli bamabutho baseYurophu bephuma beyohlola ulwandle oluseningizimu, ngoba amatilosi ahlangana nesibhakabhaka esingakaze sibonwe ngaphambili, esigcwele izinkanyezi ezazingakatholakali. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yesidingo sezinsiza zokuhamba, kwavela amaqoqo ezinkanyezi amasha.
UJohann Bayer kanye ne-Uranometry
Ngonyaka ka-1603, isazi sezinkanyezi saseJalimane uJohann Bayer sanyathelisa ucwaningo lwaso ngaphansi kwegama elithi Uranometry, olwakha ibalazwe lokuqala lezinkanyezi elingachaza yonke indawo esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku. Ngaphezu kwamaqoqo ePtolemaic angama-48, iBayer ifake nezinye eziyi-12, eziyingxenye eseningizimu yeplanethi, ngoba zazibonwa kuleyo ndawo kuphela.
Ukudalwa kwayo kungenxa yetilosi laseDutch u-Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser, owasizwa uFrederick de Houtman, ohambweni oluya eSouth Seas phakathi kuka-1595 no-1596, unyaka uKeyser ashona ngawo phakathi nohambo lwakhe.
Ukusungulwa kukaNicolas Lacaille
UNicolas Louis de Lacaille, wayengu-abbot, isazi sezinkanyezi kanye nesazi sezibalo eFrance, owaba nethuba lokuhlala eNingizimu Afrika, phakathi kuka-1750 no-1751, futhi wazinika umsebenzi wokusungula ubudlelwano obuhlelekile bezinkanyezi obutholakala ebusuku. isibhakabhaka se-southern hemisphere. Indalo yakhe yathola igama elithi Coelum australe stelliferum.
Imiklamo kanye nemifanekiso kaLacaille, ngokuphambene nangaphambili, yayihlonipha indalo yobuhlakani bomuntu, eyakha indlela yokucabanga yangaleso sikhathi.
imilaza yaseningizimu
Phakathi konyaka ka-1877 no-1879, i-Argentina National Observatory, namuhla ebizwa ngokuthi i-Astronomical Observatory yaseCórdoba, yanyathelisa i-atlas kanye nohlu lwe-Uranometry yase-Argentina eyaziwa kakhulu, equkethe indawo nezici zokukhanya kwazo zonke izinkanyezi ezibonakala ngeso lenyama. phakathi kwesigxobo esiseNingizimu kanye nokwehla -10°.
imilaza namuhla
Imingcele yezinkanyezi ngokuvamile iqhubeka nemigqa ecatshangwayo efanayo evunyelwene ngayo yi-International Astronomical Union kusukela ngo-1928 kuya ku-1930. Le mingcele isebenzisa njengesiqondiso imigqa yokwehla kanye neyokwenyuka kwesokudla ngaleso sikhathi, isebenzisa indawo ka-1875,0, yingakho kungekho migqa evundlile.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, ngenxa yokunyakaza kwe-precession, okuwukufuduka kokunyakaza koMhlaba maqondana nezinkanyezi, leyo mingcele isusiwe, kodwa indawo ehlalwa uphawu ngalunye ihlale injalo.
Ngokwale mingcele, i-Southern Cross iyiqoqo elincane kakhulu lezinkanyezi endaweni yasezulwini, elihlanganisa ama-degrees angu-68 kuphela, indawo eyi-1/600th yesibhakabhaka. Elikhulu kunawo wonke yi-Hydra, enama-degrees angu-1.300 square, ethatha u-3% wendawo yonke yasezulwini. Futhi amaqoqo amathathu amakhulu kakhulu ahlanganisa u-10% wesibhakabhaka sasebusuku, okungukuthi, njengoba kunjalo nangama-27 amancane kunawo wonke.
Namuhla, izinkanyezi sezithathe indawo yangemuva. Izazi zezinkanyezi ezingochwepheshe manje zibhekisela ezindikimbeni zasezulwini ngendawo yazo esibhakabhakeni, zisebenzisa uhlelo lokuxhumanisa. Ngokuvamile, izazi zezinkanyezi ezingebona abenzi bezinkanyezi kuphela abanesifiso sokufunda nokufunda ngesimo sezinkanyezi.
Ulungiselela ukubona imilaza?
Ukuze umuntu athole ngokunembile izinkanyezi , kumelwe akwazi ukubona izinkanyezi ezakha izimo zazo. Abantu abahlala emadolobheni abakwazi ukuzibona kahle ngenxa yokungcola kokukhanya, okuthinta kabi ukubonakala kwezinkanyezi ezingabonakali kahle.
Uma ufuna ukufunda ngamaqoqo ezinkanyezi , kutuswa ukuthi uthole indawo emnyama. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuqala ukuwafunda ukuqala ngokukhetha elilodwa, mhlawumbe elokuqala owake walibona futhi waliqaphela. Uma usulitholile, bheka ezinhlangothini ukuze uthole amaqoqo ezinkanyezi aseduze .
Kumelwe sibe ne-atlas noma imephu ye-vault yasezulwini noma umhlahlandlela weso lenyama, lokhu okulandelayo kuzokusiza ukuthi ubone imidwebo etholakala ephepheni esibhakabhakeni futhi ingathengwa kunoma yisiphi isitolo sezincwadi.
Okunzima ngowokuqala, kodwa lapho usukwazile ukukukhomba, uzokwazi ukubheka labo abaseduze nawe ngaphezu kwalokho. Uma kuphakathi kwezinketho zakho, ungacela usizo kumuntu owazi umlaza futhi ngalokho ungakwazi ukudweba imephu yakho.
imilaza nezibonelo
Ezikhathini zasendulo, izinkanyezi ezikhazimulayo ezimbalwa kuphela ezazibhapathizwa ngamagama azo, ngisho nezinye zazo zazibhekwa njengomlaza. Kamuva, ososayensi abangama-Arabhu, ngomsebenzi wabo wokuhlola, baqamba amagama abanye abaningi.
Imibandela yokuwanika igama yayisekelwe endaweni inkanyezi ngayinye eyayikuyo phakathi komlaza wayo. I-Aldebaran, okuwumzimba ogqamile kunawo wonke kumlaza weTaurus, iqanjwe ngamagama esi-Arabhu athi al-Dabaran, okusho ukuthi elandelayo, ngenxa yesikhundla sayo maqondana nePleiades.
E-Taurus siphinde sibe ne-Alnath (noma i-Elnath), kusukela kwelesi-Arabhu elithi an-Nath, okusho ukuthi isihloko sophondo.
Ngaphezu kwamagama we-classical, imvelaphi yawo ingaba isiGreki, isiLatini noma isi-Arabhu, izinkanyezi zingaba negama elakhiwe ngohlamvu lwezinhlamvu zesiGreki ngofeleba oluncane, olulandela ukuhleleka okunciphayo, ngokuphathelene nobukhulu bazo obubonakalayo.
Le ndlela yokuqamba izinkanyezi yasungulwa uJohann Bayer ngekhulu le-XNUMX. Kamuva, uJohn Flamsteed waqala ukwabela izinombolo zesi-Arabhu ukuze aqambe izinkanyezi emlaza ngamunye.
Kuzo zombili izinhlelo, izinhlamvu noma izinombolo kufanele zilandelwe i-Latin genitive esuselwe egameni lomlaza ngamunye. Isibonelo, i-Aldebaran kanye ne-Alnath babuye baziwe ngokuthi i-Alpha (α) kanye ne-Beta (β) Tauri ngokwendlela ye-Bayer, noma 87 kanye ne-112 Tauri ngokuya nge-nomenclature ye-Flamsteed. Bangase babe namanye amagama, kodwa lokhu kuzothobela amakhathalogi ahlukene adaliwe. Ngakho-ke, inkanyezi ingaba namagama amaningana.
Uma kunezinkanyezi ezimbili noma eziguquguqukayo, kufanele kusetshenziswe amanye amagama, kuye ngokuthi zitholakala kuphi. Esinye isici okufanele sicatshangelwe ukuthi, ngaphakathi kwemingcele yezinkanyezi , kunezinye izidalwa zasezulwini ezingezona izinkanyezi, njengezinkanyezi zeplanethi noma imithala, ezihlukaniswe ngezigaba.
Ungayibona kanjani imilaza esibhakabhakeni?
Amaqoqo ezinkanyezi aqashelwa namuhla ashintshe kakhulu emlandweni, selokhu umhlaba waba umhlaba wabantu. Amaningana aqala ekuqaleni kwesikhathi, kanti amanye asanda kwenzeka. Akekho owaziyo ngokuqinisekile ukuthi yimaphi amaqoqo ezinkanyezi amadala kunawo wonke. Kucatshangwa ukuthi i-Ursa Major ingenye yamadala kunawo wonke, kusukela esikhathini lapho iqhwa limboza iplanethi.
Lo mlaza wawudumile phakathi kwabantu bomdabu baseSiberia nase-Alaska, ukwaziswa okubonisa ukuthi kunobufakazi bokuba khona kwawo kusukela ngaphambi kokuba iqhwa lincibilike kanye nebhuloho elalikhona eBering Strait futhi elahlangana nalamazwekazi amabili laphuka.
Izinkanyezi eziphawulekayo namuhla
Namuhla, izazi zezinkanyezi, kokubili ezingochwepheshe kanye nezingebona abafundi, zinenhlanhla yokuba nomhlahlandlela ovumela ukuthi zibone izinkanyezi esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku futhi usize abantu bafunde kabanzi ngazo. Kulesi sihloko, sizobala ezibaluleke kakhulu:
I-Keel Constellation
Umlaza we-Carina noma i-Keel itholakala ku-quadrant yesibili ye-hemisphere yasezulwini eseningizimu. Ingabonwa kuma-latitudes phakathi kuka-+20° no -90°. Yayiyingxenye yeqoqo lezinkanyezi elikhudlwana, ngaphambili elalibizwa ngokuthi i-Argo Navis, kodwa lahlukaniswa yi-International Astronomical Union kwaba ezine: Carina, Vela, Puppis kanye nePyxis. Kuhlanganisa ekwakhekeni kwayo inkanyezi yesibili ekhazimula kakhulu esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku, iCanopus.
Umlaza weNhlanzi Yegolide
Umlaza weLa Dorada utholakala kuquadrant yokuqala ye-hemisphere eseningizimu futhi kungenzeka ukuyibona ezindaweni eziphakathi kuka +20 ° no -90 °. Igama layo lisho inhlanzi yegolide (Coryphaena hippurus) ngeSpanishi. I-Dorado ihlanganisa umkhathi omkhulu we-Large Magellanic Cloud, umthala ongajwayelekile eduze ne-Milky Way. Ihlanganisa izinkanyezi ezimbili eziye zazi amaplanethi. Inkanyezi yayo egqame kakhulu ngu-Alpha Doradus.
Umlaza i-Aquarius
I-Aquarius starlet itholakala eningizimu yezwe, endaweni yendilinga yasezulwini eyaziwa ngokuthi uLwandle, ngoba iqukethe amaqoqo amaningana ezinkanyezi anamagama ahlobene namanzi, njengePisces (inhlanzi), i-Eridanus (umfula), kanye ne-Cetus (umkhomo), phakathi kwezinye. Iyabonakala ezindaweni eziphakathi kuka-+65° no--90°. Yahlelwa yisazi sezinkanyezi esingumGreki uPtolemy ngekhulu lesibili. Iqukethe inkanyezi enkulukazi edumile uBeta Aquarii kanye nezinto eziningi eziphawulekayo esibhakabhakeni esijulile, njengeqoqo eliyindilinga uMessier 2 noMessier 72, kanye ne-asterism uMessier 73.
I-Centaurus Constellation
I-constellation i-Centaurus itholakala engxenyeni yesithathu ye-hemisphere eseningizimu futhi ibonakala ezindaweni eziphakathi kuka-+25° no--90°. Ingenye yezinkanyezi ezinkulu kakhulu esibhakabhakeni. Imelela i-centaur, isidalwa esingumuntu oyingxenye, ihhashi eliyingxenye yezinganekwane zamaGreki. Imithombo ivame ukuhlukahluka ngokuthi iyiphi i-centaur emele i-constellation, kodwa ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengoChiron, umeluleki wamaqhawe amaGreki uHercules, uPeleus, u-Achilles, u-Theseus, no-Perseus.
I-Centaurus iqukethe izinkanyezi ezimbili kweziyishumi ezikhanya kakhulu esibhakabhakeni: i-Alpha Centauri ne-Beta Centauri. Kuphinde kube yikhaya le-Centaurus A, omunye wemithala ekhanya kakhulu esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku, kanye neqoqo lembulunga yonke i-Omega Centauri. Umsuka wayo yiPtolemaic futhi ngaphakathi kunezinkanyezi eziyi-11 ezinamaplanethi aziwayo. Kukhona nezihlambi ze-meteor ezihambisana nalo mlaza.
I-Andromeda Constellation
Lo mlaza utholakala kuquadrant yokuqala ye-northern hemisphere futhi ungabonakala kuma-latitudes aphakathi kuka-+90° no-40°. Iqanjwe ngenkosazana yasenganekwaneni u-Andromeda, unkosikazi weqhawe lamaGreki uPerseus. Umsuka wayo yiPtolemaic. Ingumlaza obalulekile ngoba uhlanganisa umthala wegama elifanayo (u-Messier 31), kanye nemithala eyi-elliptical encane i-Messier 32 (Le Gentil) kanye ne-Messier 110.
Umlaza we-Hercules
I-Hercules itholakala kuquadrant yesithathu yeNyakatho Nenkabazwe futhi ibonakala kuma-latitudes aphakathi kuka-+90° no -50°. Inomlando omude, obuyela emuva enkathini yamaSumeri. Kuxhunyaniswe nomsebenzi owandulela owandulela owamanqamu weHeracles, okwakuwukubulala udrako uLadon, umqaphi wensimu yeHesperides. Udrako ubonakala futhi emazulwini, emlaza weDraco. Umsuka wayo yiPtolemaic. Ihlotshaniswa ne-Tau Herculidas meteor shower. Ihlanganisa iqoqo le-globular kanye namaqoqo amabili egalaksi: i-Hercules ne-Abell.
Umlaza wePegasus
Umlaza we-Pegasus utholakala kuquadrant yesine yeNyakatho Nenkabazwe futhi ingabonwa ezindaweni eziphakathi kuka +90° kanye -60°. Yaqanjwa ngehhashi elinamaphiko lezinganekwane zamaGreki futhi umsuka walo iPtolemaic. Ngaphakathi kuqukethe izinkanyezi ezikhazimulayo nezinto ezisesibhakabhakeni ezijulile, okuhlanganisa i-Messier 15 (NGC 7078, Pegasus cluster), i-quintet ka-Stephan yemithala, i-Einstein's Cross (i-quasar ene-gravitationally lensed), kanye ne-spiral galaxy NGC 7742.
Umlaza we-Swan
I-Cygnus, noma i-Swan, itholakala kuquadrant yesine yeNyakatho Nenkabazwe futhi ingabonwa kuma-latitudes aphakathi kuka-+90° kanye -40°. I-Swan ixhunyaniswe nenganekwane yamaGreki kaZeus noLeda. Kulula kakhulu ukuyithola esibhakabhakeni, ngoba ihlanganisa i-asterism ebizwa ngokuthi i-Northern Cross. Umsuka wayo iPtolemaic. Ine-Cygnus X-1, umthombo owaziwa kakhulu we-X-ray.
Iqukethe izinkanyezi i-Deneb ne-Albireo. Kukhona izihlambi ezimbili ze-meteor ezihlobene nomlaza, okuyi-October Cygnidas kanye ne-Kappa Cygnidas.
I-Ursa Major Constellation
Itholakala esibhakabhakeni esisenyakatho. I-Big Dipper ingumlaza omkhulu wasenyakatho kanye nomlaza wesithathu ngobukhulu endaweni yezulu. Izinkanyezi ezikhazimula kakhulu kuyo zinikeza isimo se-Big Dipper noma i-El Carro asterism, okungenye ebonakala kakhulu. Kungumlaza wePtolemaic. Uxhunywe ezinganekwaneni ezimbalwa, kodwa owaziwa kakhulu ngekaCallisto, inyosi yamaGreki eyaguqulwa yaba ibhere unkulunkulukazi uHera.
Ngaphakathi kwayo, iqukethe izinhlobonhlobo zezinkanyezi nemizimba ejulile, njenge-Pinwheel Galaxy (M101), i-Bode's Galaxy, i-Cigar Galaxy, ne-Owl Nebula.
I-Constellation Ursa Minor
I-Ursa Minor itholakala kuquadrant yesithathu yeNyakatho Nenkabazwe futhi ibonakala kuma-latitudes aphakathi kuka +90° kanye -10°. Kulula ukuyibona ngoba igcizelela indawo yesigxobo sesibhakabhaka esisenyakatho, okuyikhaya likaPolaris, iNkanyezi YaseNyakatho, esekupheleni komlaza. Kucatshangwa ukuthi yadalwa nguThales waseMiletus, owayehlala eGreece phakathi kuka-625 no-545 BC. AbaseFenike bayisebenzisa njengenkomba yokuhamba. Ixhunywe nemvula ye-meteor, ebizwa ngokuthi ama-Ursids.
Umlaza i-Taurus
I-Taurus itholakala kuquadrant yokuqala ye-northern hemisphere futhi ingabonwa ezindaweni eziphakathi kuka +90° kanye -65°. Igama lakhe lisho inkunzi ngesiLatini. Yadalwa nguPtolemy, kodwa umlando wayo usukela eNkathini YeBronze. Ingenye yezindala ezaziwayo. Ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki, wayehlotshaniswa noZeus, owaphenduka inkunzi eya e-Europa futhi ayithumbe. Iqukethe izinkanyezi ezikhazimula kakhulu njenge-Aldebaran noma i-Alcíone.
Iphinde ihlanganise amaPleiades (Messier 45), aziwa nangokuthi oSista Abayisikhombisa, kanye namaHyades, okuyiziqoqo ezimbili zezinkanyezi ezivulekile eziseduze kakhulu noMhlaba. Iphinde ihlanganise iCrab Nebula, iCrystal Ball Nebula (NGC 1514), kanye neMerope Nebula (NGC 1435). Izinkanyezi ezingomakhelwane zifaka phakathi ama-Aries, ama-Eridanus, amaGemini, ama-Orion, kanye namaPerseus.
I-Leo Constellation
Itholakala engxenyeni yesibili yeNyakatho Nenkabazwe futhi ingabonakala ezindaweni eziphakathi kuka-+90° no--65°. Imele ingonyama futhi ihlotshaniswa nenganekwane yamaGreki yeNgonyama yaseNemean. Imvelaphi yayo iPtolemaic. Ngaphakathi kwayo kunezinkanyezi ezikhazimulayo njengeRegulus neDenebola. Ihlotshaniswa nezimvula ezimbili ze-meteor, ezaziwa ngokuthi amaLeonids. Ingumakhelwane wezinkanyezi iCancer , iHydra, ne-Ursa Major.
Umlaza we-Orion
Ingenye yezinkanyezi ezikhazimulayo nezidumile kakhulu endaweni yasezulwini. Itholakala enkabazwe. Yaziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki, imelela umzingeli u-Orion, ovezwa kumashadi ezinkanyezi elwa neTaurus noma ejaha amaPleiades. Uvela futhi ezingela uHare, okuyizinkanyezi iLepus, kanye nezinja zakhe ezimbili, eziyizinkanyezi eziseduze ezaziwa ngokuthi iCanis Major kanye neCanis Minor.
Lokhu kwakheka kwenkanyezi kuhlanganisa izinkanyezi eziyishumi ezikhazimula kakhulu esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku, okuhlanganisa i-Rigel ne-Betelgeuse. Kukhona izihlambi ezimbili ze-meteor ezixhumene ne-Orion, i-Orionids ne-Chi Orionids. Iphuzu eliphezulu elifanayo lenzeka cishe ngo-Okthoba 21 wonyaka ngamunye.
umlaza scorpio
I-Scorpio itholakala ku-quadrant yesithathu ye-hemisphere eseningizimu futhi ingabonakala ezindaweni eziphakathi kuka-+40° no -90°. Ihlotshaniswa nenganekwane yamaGreki ye-Orion. Umsuka wayo iPtolemaic. Ingenye yezindala. AmaSumer aliqamba ngokuthi i-Gir-Tab, noma ufezela, eminyakeni engaba ngu-5.000 XNUMX edlule. Kulula ukuyithola esibhakabhakeni ngoba isenkabeni ye-Milky Way. Inkanyezi yakhona egqame kakhulu i-Antares futhi inezimvula ezimbili ze-meteor ezixhumene, i-Alpha Scorpids kanye ne-Scorpids.
Umlaza weCassiopeia
Itholakala kuquadrant yokuqala ye-hemisphere esenyakatho futhi ibonakala ezindaweni eziphakathi kuka-+90° no-20°. Yaqanjwa ngendlovukazi engajulile futhi eyize evela ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki. Umsuka wayo i-Ptolematian futhi ibonakala esibhakabhakeni ngenxa yokuthi inokwakheka kuka-W. Inkanyezi yayo ekhazimula kakhulu i-Schedar futhi ine-meteor shower ehlobene nayo, i-Perseids.
Iqukethe izindikimba zasezulwini ezifanele, njengamaqoqo avulekile i-Messier 52 kanye ne-Messier 103, i-Heart Nebula ne-Soul Nebula, kanye nezinsalela ze-Cassiopeia A supernova noma ifu elenza izinkanyezi elinegama elidumile le-Pacman nebula. . Ingumakhelwane we-Andromeda, Camelopardalis, Lacerta kanye nePerseus.
Umlaza weCapricorn
Imbuzi noma i-Capricorn ingenye yezinto ezintekenteke kakhulu endaweni yasezulwini. Itholakala kuquadrant yesine ye-hemisphere eseningizimu futhi kungenzeka ukuyibona ezindaweni eziphakathi kuka +60° kanye no -90°. Umsuka wayo ungokaPtolemaic futhi uxhumene nenganekwane yamaGreki kankulunkulu uPan kanye nembuzi u-Amalthea, owancelisa uZeus. Imbuzi iyikhaya lezinkanyezi ezinkulu ezimbalwa kanye neqoqo leglobular elaziwayo i-Messier 30. Inkanyezi yayo ekhanyayo yi-Deneb Algedi.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, njengoba intekenteke kakhulu, inenani elikhulu lemvula ye-meteor exhunywe kuyo, okuyi-Alpha Capricornids, i-Chi Capricornids, i-Sigma Capricornids noma i-Tau Capricornids.
I-Canis Major Constellation
I-Canis Maioris noma i-Canis Mayor itholakala ku-quadrant yesibili ye-hemisphere eseningizimu futhi ingabonakala ezindaweni eziphakathi kuka-+60 ° no -90 °. Imelela inja elandela umzingeli u-Orion wenganekwane yamaGreki. Kuvamile ukuthi inja enkulu kunazo zonke iboniswe ngemuva kukanogwaja, okuwumlaza weLepus. Inja encane kunazo zonke imelelwa umlaza ongumakhelwane i-Canis Minor. Zombili zivela kuPtolemaic.
Kulo mlaza sithola inkanyezi uSirius, inkanyezi ekhazimula kakhulu esibhakabhakeni ebusuku, kanye nezinye izindikimba ezibalulekile esibhakabhakeni esijulile, njengeqoqo elivulekile i-Messier 41, i-emission nebula NGC 2359, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Thor's helmet, imithala engqubuzanayo i-NGC 2207 kanye ne-IC 2163.
I-Camelopardalis Constellation
I-Camelopardalis, noma indlulamithi, itholakala kuquadrant yesibili yeNyakatho Nenkabazwe futhi ibonakala kuma-latitudes aphakathi kuka-+90° no -10°. Yadalwa isazi sezinkanyezi esingumDashi uPetrus Plancius futhi yabhalwa isazi sezinkanyezi saseJalimane u-Jakob Bartsch ngo-1624. Iqukethe i-Kemble Cascade, okuyi-asterism eyakhiwe ukwehla kwezinkanyezi ezingu-20 ezibhekwa njengezimnyama ngenxa yokukhanya kwazo, ezitholakala zilandelana.
Iqukethe izinkanyezi ezintathu ezinamaplanethi aziwayo. Inkanyezi ekhanya kakhulu kumlaza i-Beta Camelopardalis. I-Camelopardalids ngo-Okthoba yiyona kuphela imvula ye-meteor exhunywe kulo mlaza.
I-Sail Constellation
IVela itholakala engxenyeni yesibili yenkabazwe eseningizimu futhi ingabonakala ezindaweni eziphakathi kuka-+30° no--90°. Yayiyingxenye yeqoqo elikhulu lezinkanyezi, i-Argo Navis, elalibhekisela emkhunjini wama-Argonauts kusukela enganekwaneni yamaGreki kaJason, kodwa ekugcineni yahlukaniswa yisazi sezinkanyezi uNicolas de Lacaille yaba izinkanyezi ezine ezincane : uCarina, uVela, uPuppis, noPyxis, ngo-1750. Imvelaphi yayo iPtolemaic.
Ngaphakathi komlaza weVela kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinkanyezi ezithakazelisayo nezinto zasezulwini ezihlaba umxhwele, okuhlanganisa i-Eight Bursts Nebula (NGC 3132), iGum Nebula, izinsalela zokuqhuma kweVela Supernova, iPencil Nebula (NGC 2736) kanye neCluster ye-Omicron Velorum ( IC 2391). Inkanyezi yayo egqame kakhulu i-Gamma Velorum futhi kukhona izihlambi ze-meteor ezintathu ezixhumene nalo mlaza: i-Delta Vélidas, i-Gamma Vélidas kanye ne-Vélidas.
Umlaza weSagittarius
I-Sagittarius itholakala kuquadrant yesine ye-hemisphere eseningizimu futhi ingabonwa kuma-latitudes aphakathi kuka-+55° kanye -90°. Umsuka wayo i-Ptolemaic futhi idwetshwa njenge-centaur ephethe umnsalo ngomcibisholo. Kulula kakhulu ukuyithola e-Milky Way, njengoba izinkanyezi zayo zakha isithombe esaziwa ngokuthi I-Teapot. Kuthiwa kuxhunyaniswa nenganekwane yamaGreki ye-centaur Chiron. Inkanyezi yayo egqame kakhulu yiKaus Australis. Inkanyezi eseduze kakhulu noMhlaba yiRoss 154, etholakala ku-9.69 light years away.
Umlaza uhlanganise i-Arcus Cluster, i-Quintuple Cluster, nenkanyezi ekhanyayo i-Pistol, isikhungo se-Galactic, umthombo womsakazo i-Sagittarius A, kanye nenani lezinto ezaziwayo ezijulile, okuhlanganisa i-Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy. , i-Sagittarius Dwarf I-Galaxy Irregular, i-Bubble Nebula, nezinto ezifika kweziyi-15 ze-Messier, okuhlanganisa iSagittarius Star Cloud (Messier 24), i-Omega Nebula (Messier 17), Messier 18, Lake Nebula (Messier 8) kanye ne-Trifid Nebula (Messier 20) .
Umlaza we-Monoceros
I-Monoceros itholakala kuquadrant yesibili yeNyakatho Nenkabazwe futhi ibonakala kuma-latitudes aphakathi kuka +75° kanye -90°. Igama lakhe lisho i-unicorn ngesiLatini. Yadalwa isazi sezinkanyezi saseDashi kanye nomdwebi wamabalazwe uPetrus Plancius kusukela ekubonweni kwabashayeli bamatilosi baseDutch ekhulwini le-XNUMX. Ifana nesidalwa sasenganekwaneni esinophondo olufana nehhashi.
Ingumlaza othathwa njengentekenteke, unezinkanyezi ezithile zobukhulu besine, kodwa uyikhaya lezinkanyezi ezidumile ezifana neziguquguqukayo i-S Monocerotis, i-R Monocerotis kanye ne-V838 Monocerotis, inkanyezi ye-Plaskett, okungenye yezinkanyezi ezigqama kakhulu kanambambili ezaziwayo. , kanye nenkanyezi kathathu i-Beta Monocerotis.
I-Monoceros futhi iyikhaya lemizimba eminingana ejulile ejulile, okuhlanganisa iqoqo elivulekile i-Messier 50 (NGC 2323), i-Rosette Nebula, iCluster Yesihlahla sikaKhisimusi, i-Cone Nebula, ne-Hubble Variable Nebula, phakathi kwezinye.
Umlaza we-Apus
Umlaza we-Apus utholakala kuquadrant yesithathu ye-hemisphere eseningizimu futhi ungabonakala kuma-latitudes phakathi kuka-+5° no-90°. Iwumlaza omncane onomfanekiso wenyoni yasepharadesi. Igama layo livela egameni lesiGreki elithi apous, elisho ukungabi nazinyawo, ngoba ngesinye isikhathi kwakucatshangwa ukuthi izinyoni zasepharadesi zazingenazo. Yadalwa isazi sezinkanyezi sase-Dutch kanye nomdwebi wamabalazwe u-Petrus Plancius kusukela ekubonweni kwamatilosi ama-Dutch u-Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser no-Frederick Houtman.
I-Apus iyikhaya lezinhlelo zezinkanyezi ezimbili ezazi ama-exoplanets, i-HD 131664 ne-HD 134606. Inkanyezi ekhanya kakhulu kulo mlaza i-Alpha Apodis. Inkanyezi eseduze yi-HD 128400, okuyi-66,36 light-years ukusuka eMhlabeni.
I-Crater Constellation
Umlaza we-Crater utholakala kuquadrant yesibili ye-hemisphere eseningizimu futhi ibonakala kuma-latitudes aphakathi kuka-+65° no -90°. Igama layo lisho inkomishi, ngesiLatini. Imvelaphi yayo i-Ptolemaic futhi ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki ixhunywe nendebe kankulunkulu wamaGreki u-Apollo, evame ukukhonjiswa njengesitsha nezandla ezimbili. Ibuye ihlotshaniswe nenganekwane ka-Apollo nenyoni yakhe engcwele, igwababa, edwetshwe emlaza oseduze, weCorvus.
Iqukethe izinkanyezi ezintathu ezinamaplanethi aziwayo. Inkanyezi yayo egqame kakhulu yiDelta Crateris. Kukhona ishawa ye-meteor exhunywe kulo mlaza, i-Eta Craterids.
I-Compass/Pyxis Constellation
Umlaza we-Pyxis noma we-Compass utholakala kuquadrant yesibili ye-hemisphere eseningizimu futhi ungabonakala kuma-latitudes phakathi kuka-+50° no-90°. Isithombe sakhe siyikhampasi yetilosi. I-Pyxis yadalwa isazi sezinkanyezi saseFrance uNicolas Louis de Lacaille ngekhulu le-XNUMX. Ekuqaleni wayibiza ngokuthi i-Pyxis Nautica, kodwa igama lakhe lafushaniswa laba yi-Pyxis. Kungesinye sezigaba eziwumphumela zeqoqo lezinkanyezi i-Argo Navis, elalixhunyaniswe nenganekwane yamaGreki yama-Argonauts noJason.
Inkanyezi ekhanya kakhulu kuPyxis i-Alpha Pyxidis. Ihlanganisa imizimba ejulile ejulile, okuhlanganisa iplanethi ye-Nebula NGC 2818, iqembu elivulekile i-NGC 2627, kanye ne-Barrada spiral galaxy NGC 2613.
Umlaza i-Auriga
Umlaza we-Auriga utholakala kuquadrant yokuqala yeNyakatho Nenkabazwe futhi ungabonwa ezindaweni eziphakathi kuka +90° kanye no -40°. Igama layo livela kwisiLatini. Lelo gama laqanjwa ngenxa yokuthi izinkanyezi zalo eziyinhloko zakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi ungabona umfanekiso wesigqoko sokuzivikela esicijile somshayeli wenqola, okwakunguye owayeshayela izinqola zamaRoma. Umsuka wayo yiPtolemaic. Inkanyezi ekhanya kakhulu kulo mlaza iCapella.
Lo mlaza usendaweni yesikhungo esiphikisana nomthala, okuyindawo ephambene nendawo enkabeni ye-Milky Way. Inkanyezi ekhazimulayo yalo mlaza eseduze nendawo ephikisana nesikhungo somthala i-Alnath noma i-Beta Tauri.
Iphinde ihlanganise nezinye izinto ezifanele zezinkanyezi, njengamaqoqo enkanyezi evulekile Messier 36, Messier 37, kanye Messier 38 kanye ne-emission/reflection nebula IC 405, ebizwa nge-Flaming Star Nebula. Kukhona izihlambi ezimbili ze-meteor ezihlotshaniswa ne-Auriga, i-Alpha Aurígidas kanye ne-Delta Aurigidas.
I-Grus Constellation
Umlaza we-Grus utholakala kuquadrant yesine ye-hemisphere eseningizimu futhi ingabonwa kuma-latitudes aphakathi kuka-+34° no -90°. Igama layo lisho i-crane ngesiLatini. Yadalwa isazi sezinkanyezi saseDashi uPetrus Plancius, ngokususela ekubonweni kwamatilosi amaDashi uPieter Dirkszoon Keyser noFrederick de Houtman ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX.
I-Grus iqukethe izinkanyezi ezintathu ezikhanyayo kanye nenkanyezi eyodwa etholakala ku-32.6 light-years ukusuka eMhlabeni. Inkanyezi ekhanya kakhulu kulo mlaza i-Alnair, i-Alpha Gruis. Inkanyezi eseduze kakhulu yi-Gliese 832, etholakala ebangeni elingama-light years ayi-16.15 kuphela ukusuka eMhlabeni.
Umlaza Cepheus
Iqoqo lezinkanyezi iCepheus litholakala engxenyeni yesine yenkabazwe esenyakatho futhi lingabonakala ezindaweni eziphakathi kuka-+90° no--10°. Lingenye yeqoqo lezinkanyezi elivela kuPtolemaic. Igama lalo lanikezwa ukuhlonipha inganekwane yamaGreki yeNkosi uCepheus waseTopiya, owashada neNdlovukazi uCassiopeia futhi wayenguyise ka-Andromeda, umkaPerseus. Zombili lezi qoqo lezinkanyezi iCassiopeia ne-Andromeda zitholakala eduze kwaseCepheus.
Lo mlaza uyikhaya le-Garnet Star, enye yezinkanyezi ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezaziwayo ku-Milky Way, kanye nezindikimba ezimbalwa ezaziwa ngokujulile, njenge-Wizard Nebula, i-Iris Nebula, kanye ne-Galaxy yeziqhumane. Inkanyezi yayo egqame kakhulu i-Alderamin, i-Alpha Cephei.
I-Constellation Microscopium
Umlaza we-Microscopium utholakala kuquadrant yesine ye-hemisphere eseningizimu futhi ungabonakala kuma-latitudes phakathi kuka-+45° no-90°. Wanikezwa umfanekiso we-microscope. Indawo yayo iseningizimu yomlaza weCapricorn. Ingumlaza omncane ontekenteke, okunzima kakhulu ukuwubona usuka ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Yakhiwa isazi sezinkanyezi saseFrance uNicolas Louis de Lacaille ngekhulu le-XNUMX.
Izinkanyezi ezikhazimula kakhulu ku-Microscopium ziwubukhulu besihlanu kuphela. Kuyikhaya lenkanyezi enamaplanethi aziwayo. Inkanyezi ekhanya kakhulu kumlaza iGamma Micoscopii. Imikhawulo yayo yamanje yesayensi yezinkanyezi iyafana naleyo eyasungulwa isazi sezinkanyezi saseBelgium u-Eugène Delporte ngo-1930.
Umqophi Wezinkanyezi
I-Constellation Sculptor itholakala engxenyeni yokuqala ye-Southern Hemisphere futhi ingabonakala ezindaweni eziphakathi kuka-+50° no--90°, eningizimu ye- Aquarius and Cetus. Yadalwa yisazi sezinkanyezi saseFrance uNicolas Louis de Lacaille ngekhulu le-18. Ekuqaleni uLacaille wayiqamba ngokuthi i-Apparatus Sculptoris, okusho ukuthi "isitudiyo somqophi," kodwa lokhu kamuva kwenziwa lula kwaba yi-Sculptor.
Ingumlaza ontekenteke, ongenazo izinkanyezi ezikhazimula ngaphezu kobukhulu besithathu. Kuyathakazelisa ngoba inesigxobo se-galactic esiseningizimu futhi iyikhaya lemizimba ethile ejulile yesibhakabhaka, njengeCartwheel Galaxy, i-Silver Coin Galaxy (NGC 253), kanye ne-Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy.
Inkanyezi ekhanya kakhulu kumlaza i-Alpha Sculptoris. Inkanyezi eseduze kakhulu yi-Gliese 1 (i-spectral class M1.5V), etholakala ebangeni leminyaka engu-14.22 yokukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3eBAcEcfo24