Ngesayensi yezinkanyezi, umlaza uwumhlangano wezinkanyezi, onendawo ebonwa kangcono ebusuku futhi onikeza umbono wokuthi zimi endaweni engashintshi. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe mayelana izinkanyezi, ukwakheka kwayo, umlando wayo nokunye, sikumema ukuthi ujabulele lesi sihloko.
Iyini imilaza?
Empeleni ayengamaqembu ezinkanyezi ayekhona kusukela Umsuka wendawo yonke, ukuthi abantu basendulo banquma ukuhlangana ngokusebenzisa imigqa ecatshangelwayo, bakha imidwebo engelona iqiniso abayibona esibhakabhakeni ebusuku. Kodwa indawo ezikuyo uma zibhekwa ziseMhlabeni akusho ngempela ukuthi zihlobene maqondana nendawo ezikuyo ngempela ekwandiseni indawo yonke.
Kuze kwaba nokwenzeka ngisho nokunquma ukuthi ezinye zalezi zinkanyezi, ezihlanganiswe imigqa ecatshangelwayo, azikho ezindaweni ezine ezinezikhala zesikhala; ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi eziningi zazo ziyiminyaka ekhanyayo ngokwehlukana kwazo, nakuba incazelo yazo yokuqala. uzibeke njengezinkanyezi ezitholakala ezindaweni eziseduze.
Esinye isiphetho esithakazelisayo esifinyelelwe ekuhlaziyeni amaqoqo ezinkanyezi zasendulo ku izinkanyezi, ukuthi, ngokuyisisekelo, ayexhunywe ngendlela engenangqondo ngokuphelele, ngoba ezinye izimpucuko zazizihlanganisa ngezindlela ezihlukene, ngezinye izikhathi zisebenzisa inkanyezi efanayo ukuze zibahlanganise ekumeleleni kwazo.
I-Mediterranean kanye neMpumalanga Ephakathi
Umnikelo owenziwa izindawo zokuhlaliswa kwabantu ezazihlala ezindaweni ezifana neMedithera kanye neMpumalanga Ephakathi ubalulekile, ngoba zazikwazi ukwenza izimpawu izinkanyezi emakhulwini eminyaka adlule. Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu baseningizimu babebonile futhi baqamba abambalwa izinkanyezi, kusukela ezinkolelweni zabo, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ezenkolo.
Kodwa lapho kwabonwa khona ithonya elikhulu lesayensi yezinkanyezi yaseMedithera naseMpumalanga kwakungabantu ababehlala eningizimu, okwathatha amagama abeLungu ababewaqamba ngawo. izinkanyezi futhi baqala ukutadisha ukwakheka kwezinkanyezi okwakungaziwa kubo kuze kube yileso sikhathi.
Ama-hemispheres asemkhathini ahlukaniswe abe izingxenye ezimbili, ngakho izazi zezinkanyezi ziye zahlukanisa izinkanyezi emaqenjini amabili, ngokwendawo yawo kuma-hemispheres asemkhathini aziwayo, okuyilawa:
Izinkanyezi enyakatho, okuyilezo ezitholakala enyakatho yomugqa wenkabazwe wesibhakabhaka.
Izinkanyezi ama-australes, lawo atholakala eningizimu yalowo mugqa womcabango ofanayo.
Ngakho-ke kwanikezwa ukubaluleka okukhulu ekufundweni kwe izinkanyezi wezinkanyezi kakade ngo-1928 kwase kumiswe i-International Astronomical Union (IAU), okwathi ngawo lowo nyaka yahlanganisa ngokusemthethweni imbulunga yasezulwini ngo-88. izinkanyezi, ukubeka imingcele ethile phakathi kwazo, okwenza zonke izinkanyezi zibonakale esibhakabhakeni, kuhlanganise ne Ama-Pulsars zazifakwe phakathi kwemingcele yokumelela okungokomfanekiso komlaza.
Ngaphambi kuka-1928, base betholile kakade izinkanyezi ezincane, ezadalelwa ukuqoqa izindikimba zasezulwini okungezona ezanoma yiziphi izithombe ezikhona, kodwa ngekhathalogi eyayenziwe ngalowo nyaka, zayeka ukusetshenziswa futhi zashiywa, ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa okuqondile okwenziwe yi-International Astronomical Union (IAU).
Izici zezinkanyezi
Zibonakala ngokuba izinkanyezi umuntu azinikeze izibalo eziye zazakha ngendlela eqanjiwe endaweni ezungezile yasezulwini, futhi zibhekwa ebusuku kuphela. Angasetshenziselwa ukuthola kalula indawo lapho izinkanyezi zikhona. Kodwa umlaza ngamunye unezici ezingezona zawo futhi ziwenza uhluke, njengendawo yawo, ukwakheka kwawo kanye nokwandiswa kwawo.
umlando wezinkanyezi
Kuwo wonke umlando wabantu, kuye kwanqunywa ukuthi impucuko eminingi yayazi ngobukhona be izinkanyezi futhi ngayinye yazo yayinencazelo enamandla, ngokuvamile eyimfihlakalo nevikelayo. Kusukela ezifundweni ezenziwe, kube nokwenzeka ukusungula umlando we izinkanyezi, ngokolwazi lwabantu, esiqhubeka ngokuningiliziwe:
imilaza yasendulo
Kuye kwenzeka ukuthola imibhalo yomlando efakazela lokho izinkanyezi njengoLeo, iTaurus kanye neScorpio base bevele baziwa eMesophothamiya, cishe eminyakeni engu-4000 ngaphambi kukaKristu, nakuba benamanye amagama, ngezinjongo ezingokoqobo noma ezingaqondakali. Kanye nendlela yokuma kokuwela
Inqubekelaphambili ocwaningweni lwamazulu ezikhathini zasendulo yayifaneleka kangangokuba emaqenjini angama-88 ezinkanyezi ayehlukaniswa ngu-Eugène Joseph Delporte we-International Astronomical Union (IAU), cishe ama-50% avela kulokho okwakucatshangwa izazi zezinkanyezi zasendulo. kumelwe sikhumbule ukuthi ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX ngaphambi kukaKristu, uHomer kakade wayebhekisele emlaza we-Orion encwadini yakhe ethi The Odyssey.
I-Zodiac, ihlukaniswe yaba ishumi nambili izinkanyezi, yaqala eBabiloni, ngesikhathi sombuso kaNebukadinesari II, ekhulwini lesithupha BC. C., ukusungula ubuhlobo phakathi kwesithombe ngasinye sasezulwini kanye nezikhathi eziyishumi nambili zezinyanga zonyaka. Kamuva yamukelwa yimpucuko yamaGreki, yanikeza i izinkanyezi igama abanalo njengamanje.
Iqoqo le izinkanyezi endala kunayo yonke eye yatholakala kusukela esikhathini sikaClaudius Ptolemy, owaklama isigaba sezinkanyezi ezingu-1022, wahlanganiswa ngo-48. izinkanyezi, encwadini yakhe ebizwa ngokuthi i-Almagest, ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX BC. c.
imilaza yamaShayina
Kuye kwatholakala ukuthi ukwakheka kwezinkanyezi zaseShayina yizona izinkanyezi endala emhlabeni. Kodwa mayelana izinkanyezi zihluke kakhulu kulezo ezaziwa namuhla yi-International Astronomical Union, njengoba bekulindelekile, ngoba le yakamuva yayisekelwe, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ekufundweni kwezinkanyezi kwabantu baseGreece.
Izifundo zezinkanyezi zaseShayina zahlukanisa indawo engaphansi kwesibhakabhaka ezindaweni ezingama-31, lapho ezi-3 zathola igama lezindawo ezivalekile (sān yuán), eziseduze neNorth Pole, kwathi ezingama-28 zazibizwa ngokuthi yizithabathaba (èrshíbā xiù) futhi zazitholakala endaweni yesifunda. I-North Pole. Zodiac.
Izinkanyezi zamaHindu
Izazi zezinkanyezi zempucuko yamaHindu asendulo zaqoqa izinkanyezi nezinkanyezi, zakha isithombe esicishe sifane nalesi ezazifuna umelelwe ngaso, ngombandela wokuthi isithombe sasihlale siqondile. Igama abaqamba ngalo izinkanyezi kwakuyi-nakshatra, okusho ukuthi isithabathaba senyanga futhi kunezindlu zenyanga ezingama-27.
Uhlu lwezindlu zenyanga noma amaNakshatras lungabonakala emibhalweni yasendulo yamaVedic, kanye naseShatapatha Brahmana. Incwadi yokuqala ehlobene nesayensi yezinkanyezi ekhuluma ngabo iVedanga Jyotisha yaseLagadha. Uma sibukeza izinganekwane zamaHindu, sizothola ukuthi amaNakshastra ayeyindalo yeDaksha, futhi kuqondwa ukuthi ahlanganisa amadodakazi alowo nkulunkulu futhi angabafazi bakaChandra, ongunkulunkulu wenyanga.
Izinkanyezi ze-Inca
Ukufundwa kwezulu bekuyindaba ephathwa kakhulu empucukweni yamaInca. Wayesevele enezigaba ezi-2 ze izinkanyezi, okwakuyi Izinkanyezi I-Stellar noma i-Brilliant, kuyilapho isigaba sesibili se izinkanyezi Yakheka ukugxila kothuli negesi phakathi kwezinkanyezi, okwenza ithunzi elimnyama elibusa izikhala ngaphakathi kwe-Milky Way, ebizwa ngokuthi. Izinkanyezi Okumnyama noma Okumnyama.
Amanye amasiko angaphambi kwe-Columbian
Ngokwesiko lamaNahuas, umlaza ohambisana neBig Dipper wenza samuntu umfanekiso weJaguar (Ocelotl). Kuseyimpicabadala Isayensi yezinkanyezi yaseMayan.
Endabeni yabaseMexico, ngolimi lwabo babe negama elithi Citlalli, elisho inkanyezi ngokwezwi nezwi, kuye kwatholakala ukuthi bazibonela ngokwabo esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku nokuthi babehlonze cishe ngama-30. izinkanyezi.
AbakwaChibcha base besungule ukuxhumana phakathi kokukhuphuka kwenkanyezi yenkanyezi uSirius nesikhathi lapho kuqala inkathi yemvula.
AbakwaMocovíes babecabanga ukuthi i-Milky Way yayifana nomgwaqo, ababewubiza ngokuthi i-nayic, owawugijima ubheke entabeni futhi kukho konke ukunwetshwa kwayo wawuzungezwe ama-asterism amaningi, ayexhunyaniswa nezinganekwane nezindaba zemihlangano phakathi kwama-shaman nezinhlangano. abanikazi, abenze nabo izivumelwano ukuze bathole ukusinda.
Amasiko ahlala enyakatho yePatagonia, cishe ngekhulu le-XNUMX nele-XNUMX, ayenenkolelo yokuthi i-Milky Way yakha umfanekiso wensimu yokuzingela ama-rheas, lapho abazingeli babesebenzisa khona ama-boleadora ayedwetshwa ngendlela yokukhomba, eyakhiwe i-alpha kanye ne-alpha. beta Centauri, kuyilapho iMagellan Clouds yayimelela izidumbu zezilwane ezazizingiwe kanye nePleiades, ezazibizwa ngokuthi amazinyane ayisikhombisa, akha isidleke se-rhea.
Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukufundwa kwamasiko abomdabu base-Australia kanye nolwazi lwabo lwezinkanyezi, ikakhulukazi labo ababenezindawo zabo zokuhlala enkabeni yezwekazi labo, ngoba babekwazi ukuhlonza izibalo ezinemigqa emnyama esibhakabhakeni sabo sasebusuku.
Ngokunjalo, amasiko abomdabu baseNingizimu Melika bakwazile ukubona nokukhomba izindawo ezimnyama ku-Milky Way, okungamafu ahlanganiswe uthuli lwe-cosmic olumunca ukukhanya okuvela ezinkanyezini noma izimo ezifana I-Oort Cloud futhi, ngabo, bakwazi ukucabanga ngeso lengqondo yabo izinkanyezi. Kwakha omunye wakhe izinkanyezi Okumelelwa kakhulu emasikweni abo ngeye-Emu Esibhakabhakeni, okuyingxenye yezinganekwane zabo futhi isuka endaweni kaScorpion iye endaweni yaseSouthern Cross.
imilaza yezinkanyezi
Okokuqala, kufanele kuchazwe ukuthi i-Zodiac iwumugqa ocatshangelwayo esibhakabhakeni lapho, ngokombono, ilanga namaplanethi ahambayo. Ngekhulu lesihlanu a. C. leyondawo yesibhakabhaka yahlukaniswa yaba izingxenye eziyi-12 ezinobukhulu obufanayo, eyodwa yazo ngenyanga ngayinye yonyaka, yazinikeza igama elithi izinkanyezi ezatholwa ngaphakathi kuzo noma eduze kwazo, ezihlanganisa ama-asterisms, okuba khona kwawo ngaphambi kokuba kusungulwe izinkanyezi kungenzeka ngokuphelele.
Izinkanyezi zikaPtolemy
Ngaphezu kweshumi nambili izinkanyezi weZodiac, uPtolemy wenza izifundo ezithile zamazulu ezamvumela ukuba abone ezinye izifanekiselo ezingu-36, ezafakwa ebalazweni elenziwa uDürer ngo-1515.
Ngenxa yezifundo zabo, i-48 izinkanyezi ezachazwa uPtolemy emsebenzini wakhe, zaba yilezo ezaqoqwa isayensi yaseNtshonalanga kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kweNkathi Ephakathi. Okuwukuphela kwento eyayihlukile kwakungu-Argo Navis noma umkhumbi ka-Argos, oqanjwe ngomkhumbi wama-Argonauts ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki, owahlukaniswa waba ezine. izinkanyezi abantu kamuva, ezamukelwa ngaphandle kokuguqulwa yi-International Astronomical Union.
imilaza yesimanje
Isizathu sokubunjwa kwe izinkanyezi yayizokwazi ukuhlanganisa izinkanyezi esezitholakele futhi zachazwa kodwa ezazingabonwa edolobheni lase-Alexandria, lapho uPtolemy enza khona izifundo zakhe, kodwa lokho kwakungabonakala eningizimu yalelo dolobha. Ngenhlanhla ngesayensi yezinkanyezi, ekupheleni kweNkathi Ephakathi, umsebenzi kaPtolemy wawungase utholakale kubantu baseYurophu, ngenxa yokuhunyushelwa kwawo olimini lwesiLatini usuka emithonjeni yesi-Arabhu.
Kodwa akukho lutho olwalungiselela izazi zezinkanyezi zekhulu le-XNUMX, lapho amatilosi ephuma eYurophu ehlola ulwandle oluseningizimu, ngoba amatilosi athola isibhakabhaka esingakaze sibe khona ngaphambili, esasinezinkanyezi ezazingakatholakali. Ngakho ngenxa yesidingo sezinsiza zokuhamba kwavela okusha izinkanyezi.
UJohann Bayer kanye ne-Uranometry
Ngonyaka ka-1603, isazi sezinkanyezi saseJalimane uJohann Bayer sanyathelisa ucwaningo lwaso ngaphansi kwegama elithi Uranometry, olwakha ibalazwe lokuqala lezinkanyezi elingachaza yonke indawo esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku. Ngaphezu kwamaqoqo ePtolemaic angama-48, iBayer ifake nezinye eziyi-12, eziyingxenye eseningizimu yeplanethi, ngoba zazibonwa kuleyo ndawo kuphela.
Ukudalwa kwayo kungenxa yetilosi laseDutch u-Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser, owasizwa uFrederick de Houtman, ohambweni oluya eSouth Seas phakathi kuka-1595 no-1596, unyaka uKeyser ashona ngawo phakathi nohambo lwakhe.
Ukusungulwa kukaNicolas Lacaille
UNicolas Louis de Lacaille, wayengu-abbot, isazi sezinkanyezi kanye nesazi sezibalo eFrance, owaba nethuba lokuhlala eNingizimu Afrika, phakathi kuka-1750 no-1751, futhi wazinika umsebenzi wokusungula ubudlelwano obuhlelekile bezinkanyezi obutholakala ebusuku. isibhakabhaka se-southern hemisphere. Indalo yakhe yathola igama elithi Coelum australe stelliferum.
Imiklamo kanye nemifanekiso kaLacaille, ngokuphambene nangaphambili, yayihlonipha indalo yobuhlakani bomuntu, eyakha indlela yokucabanga yangaleso sikhathi.
imilaza yaseningizimu
Phakathi konyaka ka-1877 no-1879, i-Argentina National Observatory, namuhla ebizwa ngokuthi i-Astronomical Observatory yaseCórdoba, yanyathelisa i-atlas kanye nohlu lwe-Uranometry yase-Argentina eyaziwa kakhulu, equkethe indawo nezici zokukhanya kwazo zonke izinkanyezi ezibonakala ngeso lenyama. phakathi kwesigxobo esiseNingizimu kanye nokwehla -10°.
imilaza namuhla
Imingcele ye izinkanyezi, ngokuvamile, qhubeka nemigqa, ecatshangelwayo ngokulinganayo, okwavunyelwana ngayo yi-International Astronomical Union kusukela ngo-1928 kuya ku-1930. Le mingcele isebenzisa njengesiqondiso imigqa yokwehla nokwenyuka kwesokudla ngaleso sikhathi, kusetshenziswa indawo ka-1875,0, isizathu engekho imigqa ediagonal.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ngenxa yokunyakaza kwe-precession, okuyi-displacement of the Ukunyakaza komhlaba Ngokuphathelene nezinkanyezi, le mingcele isusiwe, kodwa indawo ehlala uphawu ngalunye iye yahlala ifana.
Ngokwaleyo mingcele, iSouthern Cross iwumlaza omncane kunawo wonke endaweni yasezulwini, enamadigri ayizikwele angama-68 kuphela, ahlanganisa indawo eyi-1/600 yesibhakabhaka. Enkulu kunazo zonke yiHydra, ene-1.300 degrees square ethatha u-3% wesibhakabhaka esiphelele. kanye nabathathu izinkanyezi Ikhava enkulu kunazo zonke i-10% yesibhakabhaka sasebusuku, okungukuthi, i-27 encane kunazo zonke.
Njengamanje, i izinkanyezi zihlehlele ngemuva. Izazi zamazulu manje zibhekisela emizimbeni yendawo yonke ngendawo ezikuyo endaweni eyindilinga yasezulwini, zisebenzisa isimiso sokuxhumanisa. Ngokuvamile, izazi zezinkanyezi eziyimfundamakhwela kuphela ezinentshisekelo yokufunda nokufunda izimo ze- izinkanyezi.
Ulungiselela ukubona imilaza?
Uma ufuna ukuthola kahle i- izinkanyezi, kudingeka ukuba kubonwe izinkanyezi ezidwetshwa ngazo. Abantu abahlala emadolobheni abakwazi ukuzibona kahle, ngenxa yokungcoliswa kokukhanya, okuthinta kabi ukubonakala kwezinkanyezi ezinokukhanya okuncane.
Yini Kunconywa, uma ufuna ukufunda mayelana izinkanyezi, kuwukuthola indawo emnyama. Indlela efanele yokuqala ukuzifunda iwukuqala ngokukhetha eyodwa, okungenzeka kube eyokuqala oyibonile noyibonile. Ngemva kokuba sesiyikhombile, kufanele ubheke emaceleni ukuze ukwazi ukukhomba izinkanyezi eduze.
Kumelwe sibe ne-atlas noma imephu ye-vault yasezulwini noma umhlahlandlela weso lenyama, lokhu okulandelayo kuzokusiza ukuthi ubone imidwebo etholakala ephepheni esibhakabhakeni futhi ingathengwa kunoma yisiphi isitolo sezincwadi.
Okunzima ngowokuqala, kodwa lapho usukwazile ukukukhomba, uzokwazi ukubheka labo abaseduze nawe ngaphezu kwalokho. Uma kuphakathi kwezinketho zakho, ungacela usizo kumuntu owazi umlaza futhi ngalokho ungakwazi ukudweba imephu yakho.
imilaza nezibonelo
Ezikhathini zasendulo, izinkanyezi ezikhazimulayo ezimbalwa kuphela ezazibhapathizwa ngamagama azo, ngisho nezinye zazo zazibhekwa njengomlaza. Kamuva, ososayensi abangama-Arabhu, ngomsebenzi wabo wokuhlola, baqamba amagama abanye abaningi.
Imibandela yokuwanika igama yayisekelwe endaweni inkanyezi ngayinye eyayikuyo phakathi komlaza wayo. I-Aldebaran, okuwumzimba ogqamile kunawo wonke kumlaza weTaurus, iqanjwe ngamagama esi-Arabhu athi al-Dabaran, okusho ukuthi elandelayo, ngenxa yesikhundla sayo maqondana nePleiades.
E-Taurus siphinde sibe ne-Alnath (noma i-Elnath), kusukela kwelesi-Arabhu elithi an-Nath, okusho ukuthi isihloko sophondo.
Ngaphezu kwamagama we-classical, imvelaphi yawo ingaba isiGreki, isiLatini noma isi-Arabhu, izinkanyezi zingaba negama elakhiwe ngohlamvu lwezinhlamvu zesiGreki ngofeleba oluncane, olulandela ukuhleleka okunciphayo, ngokuphathelene nobukhulu bazo obubonakalayo.
Le ndlela yokuqamba izinkanyezi yasungulwa uJohann Bayer ngekhulu le-XNUMX. Kamuva, uJohn Flamsteed waqala ukwabela izinombolo zesi-Arabhu ukuze aqambe izinkanyezi emlaza ngamunye.
Kuzo zombili izinhlelo, izinhlamvu noma izinombolo kufanele zilandelwe i-Latin genitive esuselwe egameni lomlaza ngamunye. Isibonelo, i-Aldebaran kanye ne-Alnath babuye baziwe ngokuthi i-Alpha (α) kanye ne-Beta (β) Tauri ngokwendlela ye-Bayer, noma 87 kanye ne-112 Tauri ngokuya nge-nomenclature ye-Flamsteed. Bangase babe namanye amagama, kodwa lokhu kuzothobela amakhathalogi ahlukene adaliwe. Ngakho-ke, inkanyezi ingaba namagama amaningana.
Endabeni yezinkanyezi eziphindwe kabili noma eziguquguqukayo, kufanele kusetshenziswe amanye amagama, okuzoncika kumakhathalogi atholakala kuwo. Esinye isici okufanele sicatshangelwe ukuthi, ngaphakathi kwemingcele ye- izinkanyezi Kunezinye izindikimba zasemkhathini ezingezona izinkanyezi, njengamaplanethi amaplanethi noma imithala, eye yahlukaniswa.
Ungayibona kanjani imilaza esibhakabhakeni?
I-Las izinkanyezi eziqashelwa namuhla, ziye zaba nezinguquko eziningi phakathi nenkathi edlule, njengoba umhlaba uwumhlaba wabantu. Eziningana ziye zazalwa ekuqaleni kwesikhathi kanti ezinye zinedethi yakamuva. Akekho owazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi yini izinkanyezi Omdala. I-Ursa Major kucatshangwa ukuthi ingenye yezindala, kusukela ngesikhathi lapho iqhwa limboza iplanethi.
Lo mlaza wawudumile phakathi kwabantu bomdabu baseSiberia nase-Alaska, ukwaziswa okubonisa ukuthi kunobufakazi bokuba khona kwawo kusukela ngaphambi kokuba iqhwa lincibilike kanye nebhuloho elalikhona eBering Strait futhi elahlangana nalamazwekazi amabili laphuka.
Izinkanyezi eziphawulekayo namuhla
Namuhla izazi zezinkanyezi, ezingochwepheshe kanye nezimfundamakhwela, zinenhlanhla yokuba nomhlahlandlela ozivumela ukuthi zibone izinkanyezi ezitholakala esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku nokuthi abantu bafunde okwengeziwe ngazo. Kulesi sihloko sizokwenza uhlu lwezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu:
I-Keel Constellation
Umlaza we-Carina noma i-Keel itholakala ku-quadrant yesibili ye-hemisphere yasezulwini eseningizimu. Ingabonwa kuma-latitudes phakathi kuka-+20° no -90°. Yayiyingxenye yeqoqo lezinkanyezi elikhudlwana, ngaphambili elalibizwa ngokuthi i-Argo Navis, kodwa lahlukaniswa yi-International Astronomical Union kwaba ezine: Carina, Vela, Puppis kanye nePyxis. Kuhlanganisa ekwakhekeni kwayo inkanyezi yesibili ekhazimula kakhulu esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku, iCanopus.
Umlaza weNhlanzi Yegolide
Umlaza weLa Dorada utholakala kuquadrant yokuqala ye-hemisphere eseningizimu futhi kungenzeka ukuyibona ezindaweni eziphakathi kuka +20 ° no -90 °. Igama layo lisho inhlanzi yegolide (Coryphaena hippurus) ngeSpanishi. I-Dorado ihlanganisa umkhathi omkhulu we-Large Magellanic Cloud, umthala ongajwayelekile eduze ne-Milky Way. Ihlanganisa izinkanyezi ezimbili eziye zazi amaplanethi. Inkanyezi yayo egqame kakhulu ngu-Alpha Doradus.
Umlaza i-Aquarius
Umlaza we-Aquarius useningizimu nenkabazwe, endaweni yendawo engaphansi yasezulwini eyaziwa ngokuthi uLwandle, ngoba uqukethe inqwaba izinkanyezi abanamagama ahlobene namanzi; njengePisces (inhlanzi), u-Eridanus (umfula) noCetus (umkhomo), phakathi kwabanye. Ibonakala ezindaweni eziphakathi kuka +65° no -90°. Yabhalwa isazi sezinkanyezi esingumGreki uPtolemy ngekhulu lesi-2. Iqukethe inkanyezi edumile ebabazekayo i-Beta Aquarii kanye nenani lezinto eziphawulekayo zesibhakabhaka esijulile njengamaqoqo embulunga yonke i-Messier 72 kanye ne-Messier 73 noma i-asterism Messier XNUMX.
I-Centaurus Constellation
Umlaza we-Centaurus utholakala kuquadrant yesithathu ye-hemisphere eseningizimu futhi uyabonakala ezindaweni eziphakathi kuka-+25° no -90°. Ingenye ye izinkanyezi enkulu kunazo zonke esibhakabhakeni. Imelela i-centaur, isidalwa esinesigamu, isidalwa sehhashi lezinganekwane zamaGreki. Imithombo ivame ukuhluka ngokuthi umlaza i-centaur umele yiphi, kodwa ngokuvamile uthathwa njenge-Chiron, umeluleki wamaqhawe angamaGreki uHercules, Peleus, Achilles, Theseus, noPerseus.
I-Centaurus iqukethe izinkanyezi ezimbili kweziyishumi ezikhanya kakhulu esibhakabhakeni: i-Alpha Centauri ne-Beta Centauri. Kuphinde kube yikhaya le-Centaurus A, omunye wemithala ekhanya kakhulu esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku, kanye neqoqo lembulunga yonke i-Omega Centauri. Umsuka wayo yiPtolemaic futhi ngaphakathi kunezinkanyezi eziyi-11 ezinamaplanethi aziwayo. Kukhona nezihlambi ze-meteor ezihambisana nalo mlaza.
I-Andromeda Constellation
Lo mlaza utholakala kuquadrant yokuqala ye-northern hemisphere futhi ungabonakala kuma-latitudes aphakathi kuka-+90° no-40°. Iqanjwe ngenkosazana yasenganekwaneni u-Andromeda, unkosikazi weqhawe lamaGreki uPerseus. Umsuka wayo yiPtolemaic. Ingumlaza obalulekile ngoba uhlanganisa umthala wegama elifanayo (u-Messier 31), kanye nemithala eyi-elliptical encane i-Messier 32 (Le Gentil) kanye ne-Messier 110.
Umlaza we-Hercules
I-Hercules itholakala kuquadrant yesithathu yeNyakatho Nenkabazwe futhi ibonakala kuma-latitudes aphakathi kuka-+90° no -50°. Inomlando omude, obuyela emuva enkathini yamaSumeri. Kuxhunyaniswe nomsebenzi owandulela owandulela owamanqamu weHeracles, okwakuwukubulala udrako uLadon, umqaphi wensimu yeHesperides. Udrako ubonakala futhi emazulwini, emlaza weDraco. Umsuka wayo yiPtolemaic. Ihlotshaniswa ne-Tau Herculidas meteor shower. Ihlanganisa iqoqo le-globular kanye namaqoqo amabili egalaksi: i-Hercules ne-Abell.
Umlaza wePegasus
Umlaza we-Pegasus utholakala kuquadrant yesine yeNyakatho Nenkabazwe futhi ingabonwa ezindaweni eziphakathi kuka +90° kanye -60°. Yaqanjwa ngehhashi elinamaphiko lezinganekwane zamaGreki futhi umsuka walo iPtolemaic. Ngaphakathi kuqukethe izinkanyezi ezikhazimulayo nezinto ezisesibhakabhakeni ezijulile, okuhlanganisa i-Messier 15 (NGC 7078, Pegasus cluster), i-quintet ka-Stephan yemithala, i-Einstein's Cross (i-quasar ene-gravitationally lensed), kanye ne-spiral galaxy NGC 7742.
Umlaza we-Swan
I-Cygnus, noma i-Swan, itholakala kuquadrant yesine yeNyakatho Nenkabazwe futhi ingabonwa kuma-latitudes aphakathi kuka-+90° kanye -40°. I-Swan ixhunyaniswe nenganekwane yamaGreki kaZeus noLeda. Kulula kakhulu ukuyithola esibhakabhakeni, ngoba ihlanganisa i-asterism ebizwa ngokuthi i-Northern Cross. Umsuka wayo iPtolemaic. Ine-Cygnus X-1, umthombo owaziwa kakhulu we-X-ray.
Iqukethe izinkanyezi i-Deneb ne-Albireo. Kukhona izihlambi ezimbili ze-meteor ezihlobene nomlaza, okuyi-October Cygnidas kanye ne-Kappa Cygnidas.
I-Ursa Major Constellation
Itholakala esibhakabhakeni esisenyakatho. I-Big Dipper ingumlaza omkhulu wasenyakatho kanye nomlaza wesithathu ngobukhulu endaweni yezulu. Izinkanyezi ezikhazimula kakhulu kuyo zinikeza isimo se-Big Dipper noma i-El Carro asterism, okungenye ebonakala kakhulu. Kungumlaza wePtolemaic. Uxhunywe ezinganekwaneni ezimbalwa, kodwa owaziwa kakhulu ngekaCallisto, inyosi yamaGreki eyaguqulwa yaba ibhere unkulunkulukazi uHera.
Ngaphakathi kwayo, iqukethe izinhlobonhlobo zezinkanyezi nemizimba ejulile, njenge-Pinwheel Galaxy (M101), i-Bode's Galaxy, i-Cigar Galaxy, ne-Owl Nebula.
I-Constellation Ursa Minor
I-Ursa Minor itholakala kuquadrant yesithathu yeNyakatho Nenkabazwe futhi ibonakala kuma-latitudes aphakathi kuka +90° kanye -10°. Kulula ukuyibona ngoba igcizelela indawo yesigxobo sesibhakabhaka esisenyakatho, okuyikhaya likaPolaris, iNkanyezi YaseNyakatho, esekupheleni komlaza. Kucatshangwa ukuthi yadalwa nguThales waseMiletus, owayehlala eGreece phakathi kuka-625 no-545 BC. AbaseFenike bayisebenzisa njengenkomba yokuhamba. Ixhunywe nemvula ye-meteor, ebizwa ngokuthi ama-Ursids.
Umlaza i-Taurus
I-Taurus itholakala kuquadrant yokuqala ye-northern hemisphere futhi ingabonwa ezindaweni eziphakathi kuka +90° kanye -65°. Igama lakhe lisho inkunzi ngesiLatini. Yadalwa nguPtolemy, kodwa umlando wayo usukela eNkathini YeBronze. Ingenye yezindala ezaziwayo. Ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki, wayehlotshaniswa noZeus, owaphenduka inkunzi eya e-Europa futhi ayithumbe. Iqukethe izinkanyezi ezikhazimula kakhulu njenge-Aldebaran noma i-Alcíone.
Futhi iqukethe i-Pleiades (Messier 45), ebizwa nangokuthi Odade Abayisikhombisa, kanye namaHyades, okungamaqoqo ezinkanyezi ezimbili ezivulekile kakhulu emhlabeni. Kuhlanganisa neCrab Nebula, iCrystal Ball Nebula (NGC 1514), kanye neMerope Nebula (NGC 1435). I izinkanyezi omakhelwane kukhona Aries, Eridanus, Gemini, Orion kanye Perseus.
I-Leo Constellation
Itholakala kuquadrant yesibili yeNyakatho Nenkabazwe futhi ingabonakala ezindaweni eziphakathi kuka +90° kanye -65°. Imelela ibhubesi futhi ihlotshaniswa nenganekwane yamaGreki yengonyama yaseNemea. Umsuka wayo iPtolemaic. Ngaphakathi kwayo kunezinkanyezi ezikhazimulayo ezifana neRegulus neDenebola. Ihlobene nezihlambi ezimbili ze-meteor, ezaziwa ngokuthi amaLeonids. Ungumakhelwane ka izinkanyezi weCancer, Hydra kanye neGreat Bear.
Umlaza we-Orion
Ingenye ekhazimulayo futhi edume kakhulu endaweni yasezulwini. Itholakala endaweni yenkabazwe. Bekwaziwa kusukela emandulo. Ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki wenza samuntu umzingeli u-Orion, odwetshwa emabalazweni enkanyezi, elwa neTaurus noma ephishekela i-Pleiades, uvela futhi ezingela uMvundla, okuwumlaza iLepus, kanye nezinja zakhe ezimbili, izinkanyezi eseduze, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Canis Major ne-Canis Minor.
Lokhu kwakheka kwenkanyezi kuhlanganisa izinkanyezi eziyishumi ezikhazimula kakhulu esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku, okuhlanganisa i-Rigel ne-Betelgeuse. Kukhona izihlambi ezimbili ze-meteor ezixhumene ne-Orion, i-Orionids ne-Chi Orionids. Iphuzu eliphezulu elifanayo lenzeka cishe ngo-Okthoba 21 wonyaka ngamunye.
umlaza scorpio
I-Scorpio itholakala ku-quadrant yesithathu ye-hemisphere eseningizimu futhi ingabonakala ezindaweni eziphakathi kuka-+40° no -90°. Ihlotshaniswa nenganekwane yamaGreki ye-Orion. Umsuka wayo iPtolemaic. Ingenye yezindala. AmaSumer aliqamba ngokuthi i-Gir-Tab, noma ufezela, eminyakeni engaba ngu-5.000 XNUMX edlule. Kulula ukuyithola esibhakabhakeni ngoba isenkabeni ye-Milky Way. Inkanyezi yakhona egqame kakhulu i-Antares futhi inezimvula ezimbili ze-meteor ezixhumene, i-Alpha Scorpids kanye ne-Scorpids.
Umlaza weCassiopeia
Itholakala kuquadrant yokuqala ye-hemisphere esenyakatho futhi ibonakala ezindaweni eziphakathi kuka-+90° no-20°. Yaqanjwa ngendlovukazi engajulile futhi eyize evela ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki. Umsuka wayo i-Ptolematian futhi ibonakala esibhakabhakeni ngenxa yokuthi inokwakheka kuka-W. Inkanyezi yayo ekhazimula kakhulu i-Schedar futhi ine-meteor shower ehlobene nayo, i-Perseids.
Iqukethe izindikimba zasezulwini ezifanele, njengamaqoqo avulekile i-Messier 52 kanye ne-Messier 103, i-Heart Nebula ne-Soul Nebula, kanye nezinsalela ze-Cassiopeia A supernova noma ifu elenza izinkanyezi elinegama elidumile le-Pacman nebula. . Ingumakhelwane we-Andromeda, Camelopardalis, Lacerta kanye nePerseus.
Umlaza weCapricorn
Imbuzi noma i-Capricorn ingenye yezinto ezintekenteke kakhulu endaweni yasezulwini. Itholakala kuquadrant yesine ye-hemisphere eseningizimu futhi kungenzeka ukuyibona ezindaweni eziphakathi kuka +60° kanye no -90°. Umsuka wayo ungokaPtolemaic futhi uxhumene nenganekwane yamaGreki kankulunkulu uPan kanye nembuzi u-Amalthea, owancelisa uZeus. Imbuzi iyikhaya lezinkanyezi ezinkulu ezimbalwa kanye neqoqo leglobular elaziwayo i-Messier 30. Inkanyezi yayo ekhanyayo yi-Deneb Algedi.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, njengoba intekenteke kakhulu, inenani elikhulu lemvula ye-meteor exhunywe kuyo, okuyi-Alpha Capricornids, i-Chi Capricornids, i-Sigma Capricornids noma i-Tau Capricornids.
I-Canis Major Constellation
I-Canis Maioris noma i-Canis Mayor itholakala ku-quadrant yesibili ye-hemisphere eseningizimu futhi ingabonakala ezindaweni eziphakathi kuka-+60 ° no -90 °. Imelela inja elandela umzingeli u-Orion wenganekwane yamaGreki. Kuvamile ukuthi inja enkulu kunazo zonke iboniswe ngemuva kukanogwaja, okuwumlaza weLepus. Inja encane kunazo zonke imelelwa umlaza ongumakhelwane i-Canis Minor. Zombili zivela kuPtolemaic.
Kulo mlaza sithola inkanyezi uSirius, inkanyezi ekhazimula kakhulu esibhakabhakeni ebusuku, kanye nezinye izindikimba ezibalulekile esibhakabhakeni esijulile, njengeqoqo elivulekile i-Messier 41, i-emission nebula NGC 2359, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Thor's helmet, imithala engqubuzanayo i-NGC 2207 kanye ne-IC 2163.
I-Camelopardalis Constellation
I-Camelopardalis, noma indlulamithi, itholakala kuquadrant yesibili yeNyakatho Nenkabazwe futhi ibonakala kuma-latitudes aphakathi kuka-+90° no -10°. Yadalwa isazi sezinkanyezi esingumDashi uPetrus Plancius futhi yabhalwa isazi sezinkanyezi saseJalimane u-Jakob Bartsch ngo-1624. Iqukethe i-Kemble Cascade, okuyi-asterism eyakhiwe ukwehla kwezinkanyezi ezingu-20 ezibhekwa njengezimnyama ngenxa yokukhanya kwazo, ezitholakala zilandelana.
Iqukethe izinkanyezi ezintathu ezinamaplanethi aziwayo. Inkanyezi ekhanya kakhulu kumlaza i-Beta Camelopardalis. I-Camelopardalids ngo-Okthoba yiyona kuphela imvula ye-meteor exhunywe kulo mlaza.
I-Sail Constellation
I-La Vela itholakala kuquadrant yesibili ye-hemisphere eseningizimu futhi kungenzeka ukuyibona ezindaweni eziphakathi kuka-+30 ° no -90 °. Yake yaba yingxenye yomunye umlaza omkhulu, i-Argo Navis, eyayikhuluma ngomkhumbi wama-Argonauts isuka enganekwaneni yamaGreki kaJason, kodwa yagcina ihlukaniswe isazi sezinkanyezi uNicolas de Lacaille kwaba ezine. izinkanyezi ezincane: Carina, Vela, Puppis and Pyxis, ngonyaka ka-1750. Umsuka wayo yiPtolemaic.
Ngaphakathi komlaza weVela kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinkanyezi ezithakazelisayo nezinto zasezulwini ezihlaba umxhwele, okuhlanganisa i-Eight Bursts Nebula (NGC 3132), iGum Nebula, izinsalela zokuqhuma kweVela Supernova, iPencil Nebula (NGC 2736) kanye neCluster ye-Omicron Velorum ( IC 2391). Inkanyezi yayo egqame kakhulu i-Gamma Velorum futhi kukhona izihlambi ze-meteor ezintathu ezixhumene nalo mlaza: i-Delta Vélidas, i-Gamma Vélidas kanye ne-Vélidas.
Umlaza weSagittarius
I-Sagittarius itholakala kuquadrant yesine ye-hemisphere eseningizimu futhi ingabonwa kuma-latitudes aphakathi kuka-+55° kanye -90°. Umsuka wayo i-Ptolemaic futhi idwetshwa njenge-centaur ephethe umnsalo ngomcibisholo. Kulula kakhulu ukuyithola e-Milky Way, njengoba izinkanyezi zayo zakha isithombe esaziwa ngokuthi I-Teapot. Kuthiwa kuxhunyaniswa nenganekwane yamaGreki ye-centaur Chiron. Inkanyezi yayo egqame kakhulu yiKaus Australis. Inkanyezi eseduze kakhulu noMhlaba yiRoss 154, etholakala ku-9.69 light years away.
Umlaza uhlanganise i-Arcus Cluster, i-Quintuple Cluster, nenkanyezi ekhanyayo i-Pistol, isikhungo se-Galactic, umthombo womsakazo i-Sagittarius A, kanye nenani lezinto ezaziwayo ezijulile, okuhlanganisa i-Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy. , i-Sagittarius Dwarf I-Galaxy Irregular, i-Bubble Nebula, nezinto ezifika kweziyi-15 ze-Messier, okuhlanganisa iSagittarius Star Cloud (Messier 24), i-Omega Nebula (Messier 17), Messier 18, Lake Nebula (Messier 8) kanye ne-Trifid Nebula (Messier 20) .
Umlaza we-Monoceros
I-Monoceros itholakala kuquadrant yesibili yeNyakatho Nenkabazwe futhi ibonakala kuma-latitudes aphakathi kuka +75° kanye -90°. Igama lakhe lisho i-unicorn ngesiLatini. Yadalwa isazi sezinkanyezi saseDashi kanye nomdwebi wamabalazwe uPetrus Plancius kusukela ekubonweni kwabashayeli bamatilosi baseDutch ekhulwini le-XNUMX. Ifana nesidalwa sasenganekwaneni esinophondo olufana nehhashi.
Ingumlaza othathwa njengentekenteke, unezinkanyezi ezithile zobukhulu besine, kodwa uyikhaya lezinkanyezi ezidumile ezifana neziguquguqukayo i-S Monocerotis, i-R Monocerotis kanye ne-V838 Monocerotis, inkanyezi ye-Plaskett, okungenye yezinkanyezi ezigqama kakhulu kanambambili ezaziwayo. , kanye nenkanyezi kathathu i-Beta Monocerotis.
I-Monoceros futhi iyikhaya lemizimba eminingana ejulile ejulile, okuhlanganisa iqoqo elivulekile i-Messier 50 (NGC 2323), i-Rosette Nebula, iCluster Yesihlahla sikaKhisimusi, i-Cone Nebula, ne-Hubble Variable Nebula, phakathi kwezinye.
Umlaza we-Apus
Umlaza we-Apus utholakala kuquadrant yesithathu ye-hemisphere eseningizimu futhi ungabonakala kuma-latitudes phakathi kuka-+5° no-90°. Iwumlaza omncane onomfanekiso wenyoni yasepharadesi. Igama layo livela egameni lesiGreki elithi apous, elisho ukungabi nazinyawo, ngoba ngesinye isikhathi kwakucatshangwa ukuthi izinyoni zasepharadesi zazingenazo. Yadalwa isazi sezinkanyezi sase-Dutch kanye nomdwebi wamabalazwe u-Petrus Plancius kusukela ekubonweni kwamatilosi ama-Dutch u-Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser no-Frederick Houtman.
I-Apus iyikhaya lezinhlelo zezinkanyezi ezimbili ezazi ama-exoplanets, i-HD 131664 ne-HD 134606. Inkanyezi ekhanya kakhulu kulo mlaza i-Alpha Apodis. Inkanyezi eseduze yi-HD 128400, okuyi-66,36 light-years ukusuka eMhlabeni.
I-Crater Constellation
Umlaza we-Crater utholakala kuquadrant yesibili ye-hemisphere eseningizimu futhi ibonakala kuma-latitudes aphakathi kuka-+65° no -90°. Igama layo lisho inkomishi, ngesiLatini. Imvelaphi yayo i-Ptolemaic futhi ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki ixhunywe nendebe kankulunkulu wamaGreki u-Apollo, evame ukukhonjiswa njengesitsha nezandla ezimbili. Ibuye ihlotshaniswe nenganekwane ka-Apollo nenyoni yakhe engcwele, igwababa, edwetshwe emlaza oseduze, weCorvus.
Iqukethe izinkanyezi ezintathu ezinamaplanethi aziwayo. Inkanyezi yayo egqame kakhulu yiDelta Crateris. Kukhona ishawa ye-meteor exhunywe kulo mlaza, i-Eta Craterids.
I-Compass/Pyxis Constellation
Umlaza we-Pyxis noma we-Compass utholakala kuquadrant yesibili ye-hemisphere eseningizimu futhi ungabonakala kuma-latitudes phakathi kuka-+50° no-90°. Isithombe sakhe siyikhampasi yetilosi. I-Pyxis yadalwa isazi sezinkanyezi saseFrance uNicolas Louis de Lacaille ngekhulu le-XNUMX. Ekuqaleni wayibiza ngokuthi i-Pyxis Nautica, kodwa igama lakhe lafushaniswa laba yi-Pyxis. Kungesinye sezigaba eziwumphumela zeqoqo lezinkanyezi i-Argo Navis, elalixhunyaniswe nenganekwane yamaGreki yama-Argonauts noJason.
Inkanyezi ekhanya kakhulu kuPyxis i-Alpha Pyxidis. Ihlanganisa imizimba ejulile ejulile, okuhlanganisa iplanethi ye-Nebula NGC 2818, iqembu elivulekile i-NGC 2627, kanye ne-Barrada spiral galaxy NGC 2613.
Umlaza i-Auriga
Umlaza we-Auriga utholakala kuquadrant yokuqala yeNyakatho Nenkabazwe futhi ungabonwa ezindaweni eziphakathi kuka +90° kanye no -40°. Igama layo livela kwisiLatini. Lelo gama laqanjwa ngenxa yokuthi izinkanyezi zalo eziyinhloko zakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi ungabona umfanekiso wesigqoko sokuzivikela esicijile somshayeli wenqola, okwakunguye owayeshayela izinqola zamaRoma. Umsuka wayo yiPtolemaic. Inkanyezi ekhanya kakhulu kulo mlaza iCapella.
Lo mlaza usendaweni yesikhungo esiphikisana nomthala, okuyindawo ephambene nendawo enkabeni ye-Milky Way. Inkanyezi ekhazimulayo yalo mlaza eseduze nendawo ephikisana nesikhungo somthala i-Alnath noma i-Beta Tauri.
Iphinde ihlanganise nezinye izinto ezifanele zezinkanyezi, njengamaqoqo enkanyezi evulekile Messier 36, Messier 37, kanye Messier 38 kanye ne-emission/reflection nebula IC 405, ebizwa nge-Flaming Star Nebula. Kukhona izihlambi ezimbili ze-meteor ezihlotshaniswa ne-Auriga, i-Alpha Aurígidas kanye ne-Delta Aurigidas.
I-Grus Constellation
Umlaza we-Grus utholakala kuquadrant yesine ye-hemisphere eseningizimu futhi ingabonwa kuma-latitudes aphakathi kuka-+34° no -90°. Igama layo lisho i-crane ngesiLatini. Yadalwa isazi sezinkanyezi saseDashi uPetrus Plancius, ngokususela ekubonweni kwamatilosi amaDashi uPieter Dirkszoon Keyser noFrederick de Houtman ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX.
I-Grus iqukethe izinkanyezi ezintathu ezikhanyayo kanye nenkanyezi eyodwa etholakala ku-32.6 light-years ukusuka eMhlabeni. Inkanyezi ekhanya kakhulu kulo mlaza i-Alnair, i-Alpha Gruis. Inkanyezi eseduze kakhulu yi-Gliese 832, etholakala ebangeni elingama-light years ayi-16.15 kuphela ukusuka eMhlabeni.
Umlaza Cepheus
Umlaza we-Cepheus noma i-Cepheus utholakala kuquadrant yesine ye-hemisphere esenyakatho futhi kungenzeka ukuyibona ezindaweni eziphakathi kuka-+90 ° no -10 °. Ingenye ye izinkanyezi umsuka wePtolemaic. Igama lakhe lanikezwa kuye ngokuhlonishwa kwenganekwane yamaGreki yeNkosi uCepheus yaseTopiya, eshade neNdlovukazi uCassiopeia noyise ka-Andromeda, owayengunkosikazi kaPerseus. Kokubili izinkanyezi, iCassiopeia ne-Andromeda, isendaweni yaseCepheus.
Lo mlaza uyikhaya le-Garnet Star, enye yezinkanyezi ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezaziwayo ku-Milky Way, kanye nezindikimba ezimbalwa ezaziwa ngokujulile, njenge-Wizard Nebula, i-Iris Nebula, kanye ne-Galaxy yeziqhumane. Inkanyezi yayo egqame kakhulu i-Alderamin, i-Alpha Cephei.
I-Constellation Microscopium
Umlaza we-Microscopium utholakala kuquadrant yesine ye-hemisphere eseningizimu futhi ungabonakala kuma-latitudes phakathi kuka-+45° no-90°. Wanikezwa umfanekiso we-microscope. Indawo yayo iseningizimu yomlaza weCapricorn. Ingumlaza omncane ontekenteke, okunzima kakhulu ukuwubona usuka ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Yakhiwa isazi sezinkanyezi saseFrance uNicolas Louis de Lacaille ngekhulu le-XNUMX.
Izinkanyezi ezikhazimula kakhulu ku-Microscopium ziwubukhulu besihlanu kuphela. Kuyikhaya lenkanyezi enamaplanethi aziwayo. Inkanyezi ekhanya kakhulu kumlaza iGamma Micoscopii. Imikhawulo yayo yamanje yesayensi yezinkanyezi iyafana naleyo eyasungulwa isazi sezinkanyezi saseBelgium u-Eugène Delporte ngo-1930.
Umqophi Wezinkanyezi
Umlaza we-Sculptor utholakala kuquadrant yokuqala ye-hemisphere eseningizimu futhi ungabonwa ezindaweni eziphakathi kuka-+50 ° no -90 °, eningizimu yezwe. izinkanyezi ka-Aquarius kanye ne-Cetus. Yakhiwa isazi sezinkanyezi saseFrance uNicolas Louis de Lacaille ngekhulu le-XNUMX. U-Lacaille, ekuqaleni, wayibhapathiza njenge-Apparatus Sculptoris, okusho ukuthi isitudiyo somqophi, kodwa kamuva yenziwa yaba lula njenge-Sculptor.
Ingumlaza ontekenteke, ongenazo izinkanyezi ezikhazimula ngaphezu kobukhulu besithathu. Kuyathakazelisa ngoba inesigxobo se-galactic esiseningizimu futhi iyikhaya lemizimba ethile ejulile yesibhakabhaka, njengeCartwheel Galaxy, i-Silver Coin Galaxy (NGC 253), kanye ne-Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy.
Inkanyezi ekhanya kakhulu kumlaza i-Alpha Sculptoris. Inkanyezi eseduze kakhulu yi-Gliese 1 (i-spectral class M1.5V), etholakala ebangeni leminyaka engu-14.22 yokukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3eBAcEcfo24