Ubudlelwano phakathi kwezizukulwane phakathi komndeni kanye nomphakathi sebube yisihloko esiyinhloko kwezesayensi yezenhlalo, ezengqondo kanye nomsebenzi wezenhlalo. Okubizwa ngokuthi imingcele yezizukulwane ezahlukene Zichaza ubukhulu bethonya, umthwalo wemfanelo, kanye nokwenza izinqumo kuyo yonke iminyaka, kanye nendlela ukuhlala ndawonye nokunakekelana okuhleleka ngayo phakathi kogogo nomkhulu, abazali, izingane, kanye nezinye izihlobo.
Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje sibone izinguquko ezinkulu kakhulu: imindeni emincane, isikhathi sokuphila esinde, ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kobuchwephesheizinkinga zomnotho, ubunzima bezindlu, kanye nezinguquko ezindimeni zobulili. Konke lokhu kuye kwashintsha ubudlelwano phakathi kwezizukulwaneukudala amathuba amasha okusekelwa kanye nezingxabano, uma zingaphathwa ngemingcele emihle kanye nengxoxo enhle, ezingalimaza kakhulu ukuhlala ndawonye.
Iyini imingcele yezizukulwane ezahlukene futhi kungani ibalulekile?
Uma sikhuluma ngemingcele yezizukulwane ezahlukene, sibhekisela ku imingcele engokomfanekiso nesebenzayo ehlukanisa futhi ixhumanise izizukulwane ezahlukene ngaphakathi komndeni noma emphakathini: ubani onakekela ubani, ubani onquma ukuthi yini, yini elindelekile kuyo yonke iminyaka, ukuthi umuntu ngamunye unesikhala esingakanani sokuzimela kwakhe, nokuthi igunya liphathwa kanjani.
Le mingcele ayizona izindonga eziqinile, kodwa imithetho, izivumelwano kanye namasiko ngezihloko ezinjengalezi: amashejuli, ukusetshenziswa kwekhaya, ukubamba iqhaza ekunakekelweni, ukuphathwa kwemali, ubumfihlo, ukwahlukaniswa kwemisebenzi, imithetho yokuhlala ndawonye, noma izinqumo zokunakekelwa kwempilo zabantu asebekhulile abathembele kubo. Uma imingcele icacile, abantu bayazi ukuthi yini okufanele bayilindele futhi izingxabano ziyancipha; uma zidida noma zingafanele, ukungezwani nokungakhululeki kuyanda.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imingcele yezizukulwane ezahlukene isebenza njengohlobo oluthile isivikelo sazo zonke izigaba zokuphilaZivumela, isibonelo, intsha ukuthi ithole ukuzimela kancane kancane ngaphandle kokunganakwa, noma abantu abadala baqhubeke nokuba nezwi ezinqumweni mayelana nokuphila kwabo ngaphandle kokuba umndeni ucindezelwe.
Ezimweni zenkinga yezomnotho, ukungavikeleki kwemisebenzi noma ukuntuleka kwezinsizakalo zomphakathi, le mingcele iyavivinywa: umndeni uba inethiwekhi yokusekela engakahleleki okugcwalisa izikhala eziningi ohlelweni lwezenhlalakahle, okuqinisa izibopho kodwa futhi kungadala ukunqwabelana ngokweqile kanye nezingxabano, ikakhulukazi lapho izizukulwane eziningana zihlala ngaphansi kophahla olufanayo.
Izinhlelo kanye nokusebenzisana kwezizukulwane ezahlukene: ubuso nobuso, okubonakalayo, kanye nokuxubile
Emashumini eminyaka ambalwa edlule, kube nokwanda kwe- izinhlelo zezizukulwane ezahlukeneLezi zinhlelo zenzelwe ngqo ukukhuthaza ukuxhumana okuhle phakathi kwabantu abadala, izingane, intsha kanye nabantu abadala abasebasha. Zenzeka ezikoleni, ezindaweni zokuhlala, ezinhlanganweni, ezikhungweni zomphakathi, noma ngisho nasezindaweni eziku-inthanethi ngokuphelele.
Ucwaningo olusekelwe ebufakazini lukhombisile ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kwalezi zinhlelo Akuxhomekile nje kuphela ekutheni zisebenza mathupha, zisebenza nge-inthanethi, noma zixutshwe, kodwa futhi nangendlela eziklanywe ngayo. Izifundo ezisebenzisa izindlela zokungenelela ezisekelwe ebufakazini (i-EBI) zibonisa ukuthi amaphrojekthi anezilawuli eziningi kanye nokuqina okukhulu kwendlela avame ukufeza imiphumela engcono ngokwempilo, inhlalakahle, kanye namakhono okuxhumana nabantu.
Phakathi kwezinto ezishintshashintshayo ezithinta ukusebenza kahle kokungenelela kwezizukulwane ezahlukene, okulandelayo kuyagqama: ukuba khona kokukhubazeka kubahlanganyeli, izinga labo ukufunda nokubhala kwedijithali nokuthi bahlala ezikhungweni noma cha. Lezi zici zishintsha izinga abantu abangazuza ngalo kokuhlangenwe nakho, bahlanganyele ngenkuthalo, futhi bazizwe sengathi izwi labo libalulekile.
Kulesi simo, imibuzo evame kakhulu yocwaningo iphathelene nokuthi: 1) Izinhlelo zihlangabezana nezinkomba zobufakazi besayensi2) imisebenzi yobuso nobuso ikhiqiza izinzuzo nokwaneliseka kubo bonke abathintekayo kanye 3) ukuguquguquka okubonakalayo, okusekelwa amathuluzi edijithali, kuveza imiphumela efanayo, kokubili kubantu abadala nabasha.
Imiphumela yokubuyekezwa okuhlelekile ikhomba esiphethweni esicacile: lapho ukungenelela kuklanywe futhi kuhlolwa ngokucophelelaKubandakanya izilawuli ezifanele kanye nokuqapha, kuvame ukusebenza kahle kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ifomethi injani (ubuso nobuso, ku-inthanethi, noma i-hybrid). Isihluthulelo ukwenza imisebenzi ivumelane namakhono, izidingo, kanye nomongo wesizukulwane ngasinye esihilelekile.
Izinzuzo kanye nemikhawulo yemisebenzi yokuhlangana ubuso nobuso phakathi kwezizukulwane
Izifundo ezihlaziya imisebenzi yobuso nobuso phakathi kwezizukulwane zibonisa amaphethini athakazelisayo kakhulu mayelana nokuthi obani abahlanganyela kakhulu nokuthi yiziphi izinzuzo abantu abazibonayo. Abantu abaneminyaka engu-40 noma ngaphezulu, abanokuzimela, abangashadile noma abashadile futhi abahlala nomlingani wabo kanye/noma umndeni wabo Ngokuvamile yibo abenza imisebenzi yalolu hlobo nezinye izizukulwane kaningi.
Phakathi kwalabo abahlanganyela kule mihlangano yobuso nobuso, iningi labo libika ukuthi liyaqaphela ukuthuthukiswa kwempilo yabo yomzimba neyengqondo...emoyeni wabo, ebudlelwaneni babo bezenhlalo, ekuzinqumeleni kwabo, ekuhlanganyeleni kwabo emphakathini, ngisho nasekuqeqeshweni kwabo kwezemfundo kanye namakhono okuxhumana nabantu. Akukhona nje "ukuhlala ndawonye": kudala ukufunda okuhlangene okuthinta impilo yansuku zonke.
Elinye lamaqiniso ahlaba umxhwele kakhulu izinga eliphezulu lokwaneliseka ngomuntu ohlanganyela naye umsebenzi. Uma isibopho siseduze (abangane, abangane abaseduze noma amalungu omndeni aseduze)Ukwaneliseka kuvame ukuba phezulu noma phezulu kakhulu. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi okuqukethwe ngokomzwelo kobudlelwano kubaluleke kakhulu njengomsebenzi wezizukulwane ezahlukene.
Ngokuphathelene nemingcele, ucwaningo luqokomisa ukuthi, ngaphandle kwesimo sogogo nomkhulu, labo abahlanganyela kakhulu emisebenzini yobuso nobuso bavame ukuba abantu abangenazo imikhawulo yokusebenza noma ukukhubazekaLokhu kuletha inselele: izinhlelo zokuhlangana ubuso nobuso phakathi kwezizukulwane zivame ukushiya ngaphandle labo abangase badinge ukwesekwa okukhulu, isibonelo, abantu asebekhulile abakhubazekile noma intsha enokuhlukahluka kokusebenza.
Ngokuphathelene nemingcele yezizukulwane ezahlukene, imisebenzi ehlelwe kahle yobuso nobuso iyasiza gwema ubudlelwano obusekelwe kubazali noma obuvikela ngokweqileUma kunezinhloso ezicacile, izindima ezichaziwe, kanye nendawo yezwi lesizukulwane ngasinye, ukushintshana okulinganiselayo kuyakhuthazwa lapho kungekho muntu ozizwa “njengomuntu onakekelwayo” noma “uthisha ohlala njalo,” kodwa kuyingxenye yengxoxo phakathi kwabantu abalinganayo abavela ezikhundleni ezahlukene zokuphila.
Ukusebenzisana kwezizukulwane ezahlukene okubonakalayo kanye nendima ye-ICT
Ukwanda kobuchwepheshe bedijithali kushintshe kakhulu indlela esixhumana ngayo phakathi nezizukulwane. Namuhla, Ama-ICT abalulekile emisebenzini eminingi yansuku zonke futhi, uma indlela isetshenziswa ku- i-digital humanismZenza kube lula ebhange, ukuqokwa kwezokwelapha, ukuxhumana nomndeni, imisebenzi yokuzilibazisa, kanye nokuhlanganyela emphakathini. Futhi abantu asebekhulile, hhayi ukuthi bashiywe ngaphandle, kancane kancane bahlanganiswa nale ndawo.
Izifundo ngemisebenzi yezizukulwane ezisebenzisa i-inthanethi zibonisa ubudlelwano obubalulekile phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwezokuxhumana Futhi cishe zonke iziguquguquko zezenhlalo zabantu zihlaziyiwe, ngaphandle kwezinga lokuzimela. Okusho ukuthi, izici ezifana nobudala, izinga lemfundo, umongo wezenhlalo-mnotho, noma uhlobo lokuhlala ndawonye zihlobene nethuba lokusebenzisa la mathuluzi ukugcina ukuxhumana nezinye izizukulwane.
Phakathi kwalabo abahlanganyela emisebenzini yezizukulwane ezahlukene ngamathuluzi abonakalayo, iningi libonisa izinzuzo ezicacile ekuhlanganyeleni kwabo emphakathiningekhwalithi yobudlelwano babo, isimo sabo sengqondo, impilo yabo yengqondo, kanye nokusebenza kwabo kwezemfundo. Ama-ICT awagcini nje ngokugcina ukuxhumana, kodwa futhi abavumela ukuthi bakhe amaphrojekthi ahlanganyelwe: ama-albhamu edijithali, amavidiyo, ama-podcasts enziwe ekhaya, noma amaqembu okusekela aku-inthanethi.
Ukwaneliseka ngomuntu osetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe nakho kuphezulu. Uma kukhulunywa abalingani, izingane zakubo, ezinye izihlobo, abangani, noma osebenza naboUkuhlola kuvame ukuba kuhle noma kube kuhle kakhulu. Futhi, ubudlelwano bangaphambilini kanye nokwethembana kwenza kube lula ukuthi ithuluzi ledijithali libe yibhuloho kunokuba libe yisithiyo.
Kufana nalokho okwenzekayo emisebenzini eyenziwa mathupha, ngaphandle kwasendabeni yogogo nomkhulu, abantu abavame ukubika ukuthi bahlanganyele Imisebenzi yezizukulwane ezisebenzisa i-inthanethi yilezo ezingenamingcele noma ukukhubazeka.Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi ukuhlukana kwedijithali kusekhona nokuthi amasu athile okusekela kudingeka aklanywe kulabo abanobunzima obukhulu bokufinyelela noma ukuwasebenzisa.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwezizukulwane eSpain: imindeni yezizukulwane eziningi kanye nokuhlala ndawonye
Esimweni saseSpain, imingcele yezizukulwane ezahlukene ithonywa kakhulu yisakhiwo somndeni kanye nezimo zenhlalo nezomnotho. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ucwaningo luye lwanaka kakhulu lokhu. ekwandeni kwemindeni enabantu abaningi, lapho ogogo nomkhulu nabazukulu behlala khona ndawonye nesizukulwane esiphakathi noma abangenaso.
Ngenxa yokwanda kwesikhathi sokuphila, izingane zanamuhla zikwazile amathuba amaningi kunanini ngaphambili okukhula nogogo nomkhulu abaphilayoOwesifazane ozalwe ngugogo cishe eneminyaka engu-65, ngokwesilinganiso, uzoba nabazukulu abambalwa kunasezizukulwaneni ezedlule, kodwa uzokwazi ukuchitha isikhathi nabo iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili. Laba gogo nomkhulu ngokuvamile baphila isikhathi eside, bakhuthele, futhi bayatholakala kakhulu ukuba bahileleke ezicini zansuku zonke zokukhulisa izingane.
ESpain, ogogo nomkhulu bavame ukudlala indima ebalulekile njengoba insika yesithathu yokunakekelaNgemva kwabazali nezinsizakalo zokunakekela izingane, basebenza njengabanakekeli bansuku zonke, banikeze ukwesekwa ngokwezimali, noma baze babe ngabanakekeli abayinhloko kweminye imindeni. Lesi simo siyabonakala nakwamanye amazwe athuthukile, yize kunomehluko omkhulu wesifunda: eNyakatho Yurophu, ukuxhumana njalo ngaphandle kokuhlalisana kuyanda, kanti eNingizimu Yurophu naseMpumalanga Yurophu, ukuhlala ndawonye kwezizukulwane kuvame kakhulu.
Kusetshenziswa idatha yakamuva evela ku-Labour Force Survey, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngo-2024 cishe Imindeni engu-6% eSpain izalwa ngezizukulwane ezahlukene Lokhu kubhekisela emindenini enezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-16 ezihlala nogogo noma umkhulu oyedwa okungenani. Uma sibheka kuphela imindeni enezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-16, oyedwa kwabayisikhombisa (16%) uhlanganisa okungenani ugogo noma umkhulu oyedwa, iphesenti elikhuphuke lisuka ku-12% ngo-2020.
Ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 lusebenze njengesisusa salokhu kwanda. Phakathi nenkinga yezempilo nezomnotho, imindeni eminingi Baphinde bahlela kabusha ukuhlala ndawonye okwesikhashana ukwabelana ngokunakekela noma ukubhekana nezinkinga zemali engenayo. Okumangalisayo ukuthi, lapho isigaba esibucayi sesidlulile, lolu hlobo lokuhlala ndawonye aluzange lunyamalale, kodwa lwaqina, luqhutshwa amanani ezindlu, ukungavikeleki kwemisebenzi, kanye nokutholakala okulinganiselwe kwezinsizakalo zokulinganisela umsebenzi nokuphila komphakathi.
Ukubambisana emsebenzini, ubuthakathaka kanye nendima yokuvikela yogogo nomkhulu
Ukuhlaziywa ngohlobo lwendlu kukhombisa ukuthi ukuhlala ndawonye kwezizukulwane ezahlukene Ayisatshalaliswa ngendlela efanayo. phakathi kwayo yonke imindeni. Emindenini enabazali ababili enezingane, cishe bangu-12% kuphela abahlala nogogo nomkhulu. Kodwa-ke, emindenini enomzali oyedwa, inani liphindeka kathathu futhi licishe libe ngu-38%.
Lo mehluko ubonisa ukuthi, ezimweni zobuthakathaka obukhulu, ukuhlala nesizukulwane esidala kusebenza kanjani inethiwekhi yokusekela ehlukile ohlelweni lwezenhlalakahleIkakhulukazi, omama abangabodwa abanezingane ezincane bavame ukuthembela kogogo nomkhulu ukuze bathole ukunakekelwa kwansuku zonke, ukusekela umnotho wekhaya, noma ukunikeza ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo ezimweni ezicindezelayo.
Kukhona futhi ukuthambekela okukhulu kokuthi imindeni enabantu abaningi ibonwe phakathi kwemindeni yabokufika noma emindenini exubile. Ngenkathi emindenini ezelwe yodwa enezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-16, ingxenye yemindeni ehlala nogogo nomkhulu cishe ingu-12%. Leli phesenti lenyuka laya ku-18% emindenini exubile (AbaseSpain kanye nabokufika) futhi ifinyelela cishe ku-20% phakathi kwabazali besizukulwane sesibili.
Ukufinyelela emfundweni, okuyisibonakaliso esibalulekile sesimo senhlalo nomnotho, kuphawula omunye umkhawulo. Emindenini engenamfundo yaseyunivesithi, eduze Abangu-16% bahlala nogogo nomkhuluuma kuqhathaniswa cishe no-10% emindenini enemindeni efunde eyunivesithi. Lapho isimo sezenhlalo nezomnotho sisengozini kakhulu, amathuba okuhlala ndawonye kwezizukulwane ezahlukene aba makhulu.
Kunokuba kube yindaba elula “yesiko lamasiko” noma ubuzwe obuvamile eningizimu yeYurophu, ukuhlala ndawonye phakathi kwezizukulwane Kubonakala njengempendulo ehlelekile yokungalingani.Lapho imakethe yezabasebenzi, ukufinyelela ezindlini noma izinsizakalo zokunakekelwa komphakathi zingatholakali kalula, imindeni iphendukela kogogo nomkhulu njengokusekelwa okubalulekile, okuqinisa izibopho kodwa futhi kunciphise imingcele phakathi kokunakekelwa, ukuzimela kanye nokugcwala ngokweqile.
Umehluko wendawo kanye nobudlelwano bawo nobumpofu bezingane
Ukusatshalaliswa kwemindeni ehlanganisa izizukulwane ezahlukene eSpain kuveza ukuhlukahluka okukhulu kwendawoIzifunda ezinezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokuhlala ndawonye yiziQhingi zaseCanary (cishe u-31%), iGalicia (cishe u-26%), kanye neziQhingi zaseBalearic (cishe u-17%). Ngakolunye uhlangothi lohlu kukhona izifunda ezifana neLa Rioja, iBasque Country, kanye ne-Extremadura, lapho amazinga ehla khona afinyelele cishe ku-8-9%.
Lo mehluko awuchazwa kalula yizici ezifana nokuminyana kwabantu noma amazinga okuguga. Ubuhlobo obuhlala njalo yilobo obuxhumanisayo ukuhlala ndawonye kwezizukulwane ngezizukulwane nezinga lobuphofu bezinganeikakhulukazi ezifundazweni ezinabantu abaningi abahlala emadolobheni. Lapho ubumpofu bezingane buphezulu khona, imindeni ivame ukuthembela kogogo nomkhulu ukuba babasize baphile.
Leli qiniso liqokomisa kokubili ikhono lokuguquguquka lemindeni Yizo lezo izinkinga zesimiso senhlalakahle, esivame ukuthembela ebunyeni bomndeni ngemisebenzi okufanele imbozwe kangcono yizinqubomgomo zomphakathi. Emindenini eminingi, umthombo wokuzinza ngokomzwelo nangokwezomnotho akusiwo umbuso, kodwa isizukulwane esidala.
Uma kugujwa izinsuku ezingokomfanekiso njengoSuku Lwezingane Lomhlaba, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi inani elikhulayo lezingane Zikhula ngokoqobo “phakathi kwezizukulwane”Ngenxa yokuba khona njalo kogogo nomkhulu ekhaya, kuyinethiwekhi yokusekela ethule esekela ukunakekelwa kwansuku zonke, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ihlela kabusha imingcele yezizukulwane ezizungeze imithwalo yemfanelo negunya.
Kulesi simo, inkinga akuyona nje ukuqaphela ukubaluleka okukhulu kogogo nomkhulu, kodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu kuhlala ndawonye akusekelwe ebungozini noma uma kungekho ezinye izindlela, nokuthi kuhambisana nokusekelwa kwezikhungo, ukulamula lapho kukhona izingxabano kanye nendawo yokuzimela kwabo bonke abantu abathintekayo.
Inani elingokomzwelo lezibopho zezizukulwane ezahlukene
Ngale kwezici zomnotho nezokusebenza, ubudlelwano phakathi kwezizukulwane bunesici esijulile semizwa. Kubantu asebekhulile, gcina ukuxhumana okunenjongo nezizukulwane ezisencane Kubakhumbuza ukuthi basadingeka, ukuthi ulwazi lwabo lubalulekile, nokuthi bayingxenye yendaba yomndeni eqhubekayo.
Ukulalela, ukunikeza iseluleko, ukwabelana ngezinkumbulo, nokudlulisa izindinganiso kuqinisa ukuzethemba lapho usukhulile, kunciphisa imizwa yokuba nesizungu, futhi kunikeze umuzwa oqinile wokuba yingxenye yabantu. umuzwa wokuqhubeka nokuba yingxenyeUkwazi ukuthi umzukulu, umzukulu, umshana, noma isisebenzi sokuzithandela esisesincane silinde ucingo noma umyalezo wakho kungaba umthombo wansuku zonke wesikhuthazo nenjabulo.
Ngokombono wentsha, ukuxhumana nabantu abadala kuletha ukuhlakanipha okusebenzayo, inkumbulo yomlando, kanye nokusekelwa ngokomzweloUkufunda isenzakalo somlando encwadini akufani nokusizwa mathupha, futhi ukufunda iresiphi ku-inthanethi akufani nokusipheka nogogo noma umkhulu ngenkathi nihlanganyela izindaba ezimfushane.
Isihluthulelo salobu budlelwano ukubuyisana. Abantu abadala banikeza ubungane, izindaba, umbono wempilo, kanye nokuzola; intsha inikela ngamandla, umuzwa wokuhleka, amandla, kanye nethuba lokwethula abadala bayo ezweni ledijithali. Lokhu kuqeda imibono ejulile egxilile.Asebekhulile ababona nje abantu abamukela ukunakekelwa abangenzi lutho, futhi nentsha ayizona izidalwa ezingenandaba ezingenalo uzwela.
Ezweni loshintsho olusheshayo, ubudlelwano phakathi kwezizukulwane busebenza njenge ibhuloho phakathi kwesikhathi esidlule, samanje nesesikhathi esizayoukusiza ukugcina amasiko ephila ngesikhathi esifanayo kuvula iminyango yezindlela ezintsha zokuxhumana nokufunda. Uma lezi zibopho zihlakulelwa ngemingcele enempilo, zicebisa bonke abathintekayo.
Ubuchwepheshe njengebhuloho: izingcingo zevidiyo, amanethiwekhi kanye namaphrojekthi edijithali
Ukwenziwa kwedijithali akudingeki kube yisithiyo phakathi kwezizukulwane; uma kusetshenziswa ngokuhlakanipha, kuba ibhuloho elinamandla lokugcina izibopho zezizukulwane ezahlukeneAmathuluzi anjengezingcingo zevidiyo, izingxoxo, imidlalo eku-inthanethi, noma amaphrojekthi efu asebenzisanayo asivumela ukuthi sabelane ngesikhathi kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho ngisho noma kunebanga elingokomzimba noma izinkinga zokuhamba.
Izingcingo zevidiyo seziphenduke uhlobo oluthile ukuvakasha ekhaya okubonakalayoAbantu abaningi asebekhulile bayakwazisa kakhulu ukukwazi ukubona ubuso bezihlobo zabo ezincane, ukuya emcimbini wokuzalwa mathupha, noma ukuzwa ingoma ehlatshelwa bona ngumzukulu ovela kwelinye idolobha. Nakuba lezi zinto zingathathi indawo yokugona, zinciphisa kakhulu umuzwa wokuzihlukanisa.
Imidlalo eku-inthanethi inikeza indawo evundile ngokumangalisayo yokuxhumana. Kunemindeni ehlangana ndawonye ukuze idlale imidlalo. amakhadi, ukusesha amagama, noma imidlalo yebhodi yedijithalilapho abazukulu befundisa ogogo nomkhulu indlela yokusebenzisa isikhombikubona kanti asebekhulile banikela engxoxweni, ekubekezeleni kanye nangenye indlela yokuzwa isikhathi sokuphumula.
Amanethiwekhi omphakathi avumela abantu abadala ukulandela impilo yansuku zonke yezihlobo zaboBangathola izithombe, amavidiyo amafushane, noma amanothi ezwi. Kwabancane, ukwabelana ngokuqukethwe nabantu abadala abayizibonelo nakho kuqinisa isibopho: bazizwa bephelekezelwe, bezwiwe, futhi besekelwa ngale kweqembu labo lontanga.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye kwavela amaphrojekthi edijithali ayinkimbinkimbi: ama-albhamu ezithombe zomndeni efwini, ama-podcast enziwe ekhaya lapho kuqoshwa khona izindaba zokuphila, ama-workshop okubhala ngokubambisana, kanye namaqembu ezincwadi aku-inthanethi. Ezimweni eziningi, izinhlangano kanye nezikhungo zomphakathi zikhuthaza lezi zinhlelo. izinhlelo zedijithali zezizukulwane ezahlukene lapho intsha ifundisa khona amakhono obuchwepheshe kubantu abadala, futhi lokhu kudlulisela ulwazi, izindinganiso kanye nokusekelwa ngokomzwelo.
Umthelela wengqondo kwezenhlalo wamaphrojekthi edijithali phakathi kwezizukulwane
Amaphrojekthi ezizukulwane ezahlukene asekelwe kumathuluzi edijithali awagcini nje ngokugcina ukuxhumana, kodwa futhi Zishintsha indlela isizukulwane ngasinye esizibona ngayo kanye nesinye esizibona ngayo.Kubantu asebekhulile, ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo kule misebenzi kusho ukuphinda babe nendima yokuhola, hhayi ukuzizwa “njengomthwalo,” kodwa njengomuntu onokuningi angakufaka isandla.
Ukwabelana ngezinkumbulo, ulwazi, noma okuhlangenwe nakho ngokusebenzisa imithombo yezokuxhumana yedijithali kwenza indaba yomuntu ngamunye ibe yehlukile. kuyaqoshwa futhi kusatshalaliswe emndenini noma emphakathiniLokhu kuqashelwa kuqinisa ukuzethemba, umuzwa wokuba usizo, kanye nombono wokuba yingxenye yento engaphezu komuntu siqu.
Kwabasha, ukuxhumana nabantu abadala kumaphrojekthi edijithali kuyavuka uzwela, inhlonipho, kanye nelukuluku lokwaziUkulalela izindaba ezivela kwezinye izikhathi, ukubona indlela umuntu omdala azama ngayo ukufunda ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza noma ukubambisana emhlanganweni wokucobelelana ngolwazi ku-inthanethi kuqeda ubandlululo oluningi mayelana nokuguga kanye nentsha.
Ezingeni lomphakathi, okuhlangenwe nakho kwedijithali kwezizukulwane ezahlukene kukhuthaza umphakathi ukubambisana nokusekelana kakhudlwanaNgokubambisana kumaphrojekthi avamile, imingcele eqinile phakathi kweminyaka iyafiphala, izibopho ziyaqiniswa, futhi kwakhiwa amanethiwekhi okusekela awusizo kakhulu ngezikhathi zenhlekelele.
Ngokombono wemingcele yezizukulwane ezahlukene, la maphrojekthi asiza ekutholeni ibhalansi enempilo: Isizukulwane ngasinye sinikeza okuthile okuhlukile. (okuhlangenwe nakho, isikhathi, amakhono edijithali, inkumbulo, njll.) ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ngokuphelele isikhala somunye nomunye. Kumayelana nokuhamba ndawonye, hhayi isikhathi esisodwa esidonsela esinye phambili.
Izingxabano ezivamile ebusheni kanye nokulamula komndeni
Esinye sezikhathi lapho imingcele yezizukulwane ezahlukene ivivinywa kakhulu khona ubushaKulesi sigaba, amadodana namadodakazi aziqhelelanisa nokuphila komndeni, afune ubuwena bawo futhi afune ukuzimela okukhulu, kuyilapho omama nobaba bezama ukugcina ukulawula okuthile ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo.
Igebe leminyaka liyabonakala kakhulu: intsha ingabheka abantu abadala njengabo abantu abangaqondi umhlaba waboFuthi abazali bavame ukuzizwa sengathi “abasawaqapheli” amadodana namadodakazi abo. Kulesi simo, izingxabano mayelana nezikhathi, izifundo, ukusetshenziswa komakhalekhukhwini, izinkundla zokuxhumana, ubungane, noma ubusuku bokuphumula ziyanda.
Izinhlangano ezigxile ekuxazululeni imindeni zincoma lungisa imithetho yasekhaya ngokwekhono lomuntu ngamunye kanye nokuzimela kwakhe Izindlela zangempela zokuphila kwentsha zihilela ukuphatha imingcele ngokuxoxisana kunokubeka imithetho. Umqondo uwukubhekana nenkinga yokulawula ukuzimela ngokuvumela inkululeko ukuthi ikhule kancane kancane uma kuthathwa imithwalo yemfanelo ethile.
Ukulamula komndeni kungaba usizo kakhulu kulesi sigaba. Ngezifundo eziqondiswa ochwepheshe, omama, obaba, amadodana namadodakazi fundani Ukuzilalela ngendlela engaphenduliukuveza imizwa yabo ngaphandle kokuhlasela nokuhumusha incazelo yezindlela ezithile zokuziphatha, ukugwema ukungaqondani okwandisa izingxabano.
Izinsizakalo zokulamula ezihloselwe imindeni enentsha zisebenza ngezindlela eziningana: ukwandisa ukuqonda kwezinguquko ezenzeka emjikelezweni wokuphila, ukusiza umfana noma intombazane ukuba ithwale umthwalo wezenzo zayo, shintsha umbono "wokuntuleka" uye embonweni osekelwe kumandla kanye nokukhuthaza ingxoxo yokuxazulula ukungezwani ndawonye. Konke lokhu kuqinisa isakhiwo somngcele esicacile nesihloniphekile kuzo zonke izizukulwane zomndeni.
Ukuguga, ukuncika kanye nokulamula nabantu abadala
Esinye isigaba sezingxabano ezinkulu phakathi kwezizukulwane ukuguga, ikakhulukazi lapho kuvela izimo zokuncika. Ezimweni eziningi, amadodana namadodakazi amadala kumele enze izinqumo mayelana ukunakekelwa, indawo yokuhlala, ukuphathwa kwezezimali, noma ukwelashwa kubazali babo, okungadala imizwa enamandla yecala kanye nokungezwani phakathi kwabafowethu nodadewethu.
Kukhona futhi nokuguqulwa kwendima: labo ababeyizikhulu ngaphambili manje badinga usizo, kuyilapho amadodana namadodakazi bethatha indima yokuqondisa kakhudlwana. Lokhu kungadala ukushintshwa kwendima: labo ababeyizikhulu ngaphambili manje badinga usizo, kuyilapho amadodana namadodakazi bethatha indima yokuqondisa kakhudlwana. ukuncintisana, ukucwasa, noma ukungqubuzana kwezintshisekelo, ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa nezinkinga zempahla noma zefa.
Ukulamula komndeni nabantu abadala kuba ithuluzi eliwusizo kakhulu. Ngezinqubo ezihlelekile, imindeni ingakwazi Ukuxoxa ngezihloko ezibucayi ngokusekelwa kochwepheshecacisa okulindelwe, wabe imithwalo yemfanelo ngokulinganayo, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, lalela izifiso zomuntu osekhulile ngangokunokwenzeka.
Uma kubhekwa ukuguga kwabantu kanye nokwanda kokuthembela kwabo, lolu hlobo lokulamula lusiza ukuchaza kabusha imingcele yezizukulwane ezahlukene ngaphandle kokuphula izibopho ezingokomzwelo. Akukhona mayelana nokunquma "ngomuntu osekhulile", kodwa mayelana "naye", uma nje isimo sakhe sempilo sivuma, sihlonipha isithunzi sakhe nomlando wakhe.
Ngenxa yazo zonke lezi zizathu, kufunwa okwengeziwe njalo Ukusekelwa komphakathi kanye nokuxhaswa ngezimali kwezinsizakalo zokulamula imindeni, kokubili ezingxabanweni nentsha kanye nabantu abadala, ukuqonda ukuthi ukuvimbela nokuphatha lezi zingxabano kahle kuyindlela yokunakekela impilo yengqondo, ukuhlala ndawonye kanye nokubumbana komphakathi.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwazo zonke lezi zinto—izinhlelo zokuhlangana ubuso nobuso nezedijithali zezizukulwane ezahlukene, ukuhlala ndawonye komndeni, ukwesekwa kwezomnotho nangokomzwelo phakathi kwezizukulwane, ukulamula ukuphatha izingxabano, kanye nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ngamabomu—kukhombisa izinga Imingcele yezizukulwane ezahlukene iyashintshashintsha futhi ingaxoxiswana.Uma zakhelwe enhloniphweni, ekulaleleni, kanye nokwabelana ngemithwalo yemfanelo, zivumela ulwazi lwezizukulwane ezindala kanye namandla ezizukulwane ezincane ukuhlangana ngaphandle kokuxoxisana, okudala izindawo lapho isizukulwane ngasinye singakhula khona, sinakekele futhi sinakekelwe ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yizwi laso.
