I-Las imithala eduze ne-Milky Way yilezo ezithinta i-Local Group eshiwo ngenhla. Zibonakala kalula ngesibonakude sabalandeli. Ngalo mqondo, abanye, njenge-Andromeda kanye neMagellan Clouds, bangabonakala ngisho nangeso lenyama.
Futhi, ezinye zizungeza i-Milky Way imithala emincane. Ngale ndlela, ngo-1.994 I-Elliptical Dwarf Galaxy ukusuka ku-Sagittarius 70.000 light years away, futhi ngo-2.003 i-Canis Major Galaxy 25.000 light years away. Yibo ababili abasondelene kakhulu abembulwe kuze kube manje.
Imithala eduze kwendlela yobisi
Ngokuphathelene nalokhu okungenhla, singasho ngezansi ukuthi yimiphi imithala eseduze ne-Milky Way
umthala we-andromeda
La umthala we-andromeda, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Spiral Galaxy M31, i-Messier 31 noma i-NGC 224, iwumthala onomfanekiso ovunguzayo onobubanzi obuyiminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezingama-220 yokukhanya (ngokuphathelene ne-galactic halo yayo) kanye neminyaka eyi-150 yokukhanya phakathi kokudlula ngokweqile izingalo. Bamba eduze nenombolo ye izinkanyezi kufana nomthala wethu.
Ngokunjalo, iyingqikithi ekude kakhulu ebonakala ngeso lenyama evela eMhlabeni (nakuba abanye bathi bayakwazi ukuhlukanisa umthala we-Triangulum ngeso lenyama, okuqhubeka kancane). Kungu-2,5 million light-year 2 uma kuqondiswa endaweni ye-Andromeda. Lona, kanye nomthala wethu siqu, uwubuhle obuhle kakhulu futhi obukhazimulayo kunawo wonke imithala ye-Local Group, ehlala emithala emincane ecishe ibe ngu-30 kanye nemithala emithathu emikhulu ezungezayo, lena eyi-Andromeda, IMilky Way kanye nomthala iTriangulum.
Idatha ephathelene ne-Andromeda Galaxy
Enye yedatha ekhangayo kakhulu mayelana ne-Andromeda Galaxy ukuthi itholakala eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-2,5 ukusuka emhlabeni wethu futhi, nakuba ingahlukaniswa ngeso lenyama, kunzima ukuyilinganisa ngoba ukukhanya kwendawo yayo kungaphansi kakhulu. Umthethosisekelo ongenhla usisiza ukuqagela ukuthi singawuhlukanisa kanjani ku i-cosmos uma ikhanya ngokwanele ukuyibona ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Kude kakhulu futhi kuyasabeka.
Mayelana nalokhu okungenhla, isici se-Andromeda Galaxy ukuthi isondela kweyethu iMilky Way, ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha angu-300 ngomzuzwana. Kutholakale ukuthi phakathi neminyaka ephakathi kwezigidi ezingu-3.000 nezi-5.000 enye ingase ingqubuzane. I izinkanyezi futhi izinkanyezi phakathi komthala ngamunye bezingeke zingqubuzane, kodwa ukuzungeza nokuhleleka okungaphakathi kwenqubo ngayinye bekuyocasuka.
El ukuzenzisa ngezansi ukucabanga ukuthi singayibona kanjani i-Andromeda Galaxy njengoba isondela kweyethu. Ngeke sihlale lapha ukuze sikubone noma sikuxoxele, ngakho-ke akukuningi kakhulu ukukucabanga.
Amafu weMagellan
Omunye umthala oseduze ne-Milky Way iMagellanic Clouds, lena imithala emibili. okuncane, esebenza ku-Local Group of galaxies. Elikhulu kunawo wonke liphathwa njengefu Elikhulu leMagellan kanye nelincane njengefu Elincane LeMagellan. Nokho, ngokwesaga baye babhekwa njengokuzungeza IMilky Way, imibukiso yakamuva ibonakala ihlukanisa lesi senzakalo.
Ngalo mqondo, lezi imithala Abonakala endaweni eseningizimu nenkabazwe ngobusuku nesibhakabhaka esiguqubele esicwebile futhi kungekho nyanga. Avela njengamachashaza amabili amhlophe, abhekene nendawo ye-Crux lapho ubuka khona eningizimu yesibhakabhaka.
Izici ze-Magellan Clouds
Ezinye zezici esingazibona komunye wemithala eseduze ne-Milky Way ukuthi i-Magellan Clouds iveza i-morphology eyinkimbinkimbi, okusho ukuthi, ukuveza idatha kusikisela ukuthi yomibili imithala ikhubazekile kakhulu ngenxa yokusebenzisana kwayo ne-Milky Way. Imibono ye-hydrogen engathathi hlangothi iwaxhumanisa komunye nomunye kanye nomthala wethu, nawo osuhanjiswe yiwo womabili. Amafu, njengoba ikhubazekile izingxenye zangaphandle zediski yasezulwini.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, ekusabalaliseni kwawo okuhlukile kanye nesisindo sawo esincane ngokugqamile, ahluka ku-Via ubisi emifanekisweni emibili ebalulekile. Okokuqala, bacebile kakhulu ngesitimu futhi baswele kakhulu ezinsimbi kunalezi zakamuva. Okwesibili, zombili zibalulekile kuma-nebulae abo kanye nezindlu zabo zasepulazini zezinkanyezi ezincane. I-nebulae kulemithala inikeza umbukwane ohlaba umxhwele.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yokushesha kwayo kwemisebe ephakeme, yomibili imithala ibonakala isesinyathelweni sayo sokuqala kanye ne-Milky Way; Eqinisweni, kuphakanyiswe ukuthi iMagellan Clouds kungenzeka ukuthi iqale lapho kushayisana umthala i-Andromeda nomunye umthala, okuyimfucumfucu evela kulo mcimbi futhi ejikijelwe ngasemgwaqweni ubisi.
I-Triangulum Galaxy
Umthala we-Triangulum mncane ngokulingana kanye neminye yawo emikhulu ehlangene, lena i-Milky Way kanye ne-Andromeda (eneplanethi ephakathi kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-30 nezingu-40 uma kuqhathaniswa nezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-200 nezingu-400 zokuqala kanye nezigidigidi zezigidi zesibili), kodwa ubukhulu bayo bufana nenye yonke imithala evunguzayo ye- i-cosmos.
Ngokunjalo, i-Triangulum Galaxy iyilungu leQembu Lendawo Lemithala - eyesithathu ngokugqama nobukhulu - futhi ibonakala ikhiyiwe ngokunamandla ne-Andromeda, esekuhambeni ngeminyaka engu-720000. ukukhanya yayo futhi izungeza endaweni eyivelakancane kakhulu.4 I-LGS 3, enye yezingxenye ezincane zeQembu Lendawo, cishe ingumthala wayo.
Umbuzo Ojwayelekile mayelana ne-Triangulum Galaxy
Okunye okubaluleke kakhulu okutholwe imithala eduze ne-Milky Way ukuthi i-Triangulum Galaxy yahlolwa ngu-Giovanni Battista Odierna ngaphambi kuka-1654, owayihlanganisa nendunduma evulekile esiyijwayele namuhla njenge-NGC 752. UCharles Messier wakuveza ngobukhosi ngo-1764 , eyichaza njenge-M33 ngo-Agasti 25. I-Galaxy ye-Triangulum nayo yayihlobene noWilliam Herschel ngo-September 11, 1784, enquma inombolo H V.17. I-M33 iphakathi kwezakudala "Spiral Nebulae" ihambisana noLord Rosse.
Ngokunjalo, u-Herschel wakhetha indawo enkulu ye-H II yalo mthala (i-nebula engabonakali kahle ephethe i-hydrogen ionized) njenge-H III.150 kude nayo futhi wayibiza ngokuthi yi-NGC 604. Ngalo mqondo, lo mthala obonwa usemhlabeni, i-NGC 604 unomkhawulo enyakatho-mpumalanga yedolobha i-galactic, futhi ingenye yezindawo ezinkulu ezivame ukuvama kuzo i-H II, enobubanzi beminyaka yokukhanya engu-1500 kanye nombono ofana nalowo we-M42.
Kodwa-ke, azikwazi ukuhlanganiswa ne-NGC 604, ezinye izindawo ze-HII ze Triángulo nazo zinkulu futhi ziyakhazimula kangangokuba zinedijithi yazo ye-NGC. Ngalo mqondo, isibonelo esicacile salokhu kungaba i-NGC 588, NGC 592, ne-NGC 595.
Ngokufanayo, umthala we-Triangulum ungabonakala ngeso lenyama ngaphansi kwezimo zangempela, futhi kubantu abaningi, uyinto eyimfihlo kakhulu yeso lenyama. Nokho, inkulu kakhulu futhi iyangabazeka futhi ithuluzi elingcono kakhulu lokuyibona ambalwa ama-binoculars, ukuphatha ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezinhle kakhulu ukuthwala izingalo zabo ezisonge.
Okokugcina, into ebaluleke kakhulu nekhangayo ochwepheshe abaye bayigqamisa ngemithala eseduze ne-Milky Way, ikakhulukazi mayelana ne-M33, ukuthi iphuma esixukwini sangempela sezinkanyezi ezintsha, lapho ilanga lihluma khona ngejubane elihle kakhulu esifundiswe ngalo. IMilky Way, futhi ephethe i-NGC 604 eminye yemiphakathi yasemkhathini ecebe kakhulu futhi ekhazimula kakhulu ku-Local Group.
