Imithala eseduze neMilky Way ingeyaseQenjini Lendawo. Ibonakala kalula ngesikhala sokubona. Eqinisweni, eminye, njenge-Andromeda kanye namafu eMagellanic, ingabonakala ngisho nangeso lenyama.
Ngokufanayo, imithala eminingana emincane izungeza eduze kweMilky Way . Isibonelo, iSagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy yatholakala ngo-1.994 ebangeni leminyaka yokukhanya engu-70.000, kanye neCanis Major Galaxy ngo-2.003 eneminyaka yokukhanya engu-25.000. Lena yimithala emibili emincane eseduze kakhulu etholakale kuze kube manje.
Imithala eduze kwendlela yobisi
Ngokuphathelene nalokhu okungenhla, singasho ngezansi ukuthi yimiphi imithala eseduze ne-Milky Way
umthala we-andromeda
I- Andromeda Galaxy , eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Spiral Galaxy M31, i-Messier 31, noma i-NGC 224, iyi-spiral galaxy enobubanzi obuyi-220 light-years (ngokwe-halo yayo ye-galactic) kanye ne-150 light-years phakathi kwemikhawulo yezingalo zayo ezijikelezayo. Iqukethe izinkanyezi eziningana ezifana nomthala wethu.
Futhi iyinto ekude kakhulu ebonakala ngeso lenyama uma usuka eMhlabeni (yize abanye bethi bayakwazi ukuhlukanisa iTriangulum Galaxy, ekude kancane). Iqhele ngeminyaka yokukhanya eyizigidi ezingu-2,5 uma ubheka i-Andromeda. Kanye nomthala wethu, iwumthala omkhulu nokhanyayo kunayo yonke ku -Local Group, oqukethe cishe imithala emincane engama-30 kanye nemithala emithathu emikhulu ejikelezayo: i-Andromeda, i-Milky Way yethu , kanye ne-Triangulum Galaxy.
Idatha ephathelene ne-Andromeda Galaxy
Elinye lamaqiniso athakazelisayo kakhulu nge-Andromeda Galaxy ukuthi itholakala ngeminyaka yokukhanya eyizigidi ezingu-2,5 ukusuka eMhlabeni, futhi nakuba ibonakala ngamehlo enyama, usayizi wayo kunzima ukuwulinganisa ngoba ukukhanya kwayo kuphansi kakhulu. Isithombe esingenhla sisisiza ukuthi sicabange ukuthi besingayihlukanisa kanjani endaweni yonke ukube ibikhanya ngokwanele ukuba ibonwe kalula. Ikude kakhulu, kodwa inamandla kakhulu.
Isici esiyinhloko se-Andromeda Galaxy ukusondela kwayo kweyethu, i-Milky Way, ngesivinini samakhilomitha angu-300 ngomzuzwana. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi phakathi neminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu kuya kweziyisihlanu, imithala emibili ingashayisana. Nakuba izinkanyezi nezidalwa zasezulwini ngaphakathi komthala ngamunye kungeke kushayisane, ukujikeleza kwazo kanye nokuhleleka kwazo konke kuzophazamiseka.
Ukulingisa okungezansi kucabanga ukuthi singayibona kanjani i-Andromeda Galaxy njengoba isondela kweyethu. Ngeke sibe khona ukuze siyibone noma siyixoxe indaba, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukuqagela.
Amafu weMagellan
Omunye umthala oseduze neMilky Way yiMagellanic Clouds, imithala emibili emincane engaphansi kweLocal Group. Emikhulu yaziwa ngokuthi iLarge Magellanic Cloud, kanti emincane yaziwa ngokuthi iSmall Magellanic Cloud. Nakuba bekucatshangwa ukuthi ijikeleza iMilky Way , okubonwe muva nje kusikisela okuhlukile.
Kulokhu, le mithala ibonakala kusukela eNingizimu Yenkabazwe ngobusuku obucacile, obungenanyanga. Ibonakala njengeziqeshana ezimbili ezincane ezimhlophe, zibheke esifundeni saseCrux ngombono we-southern skyline pole.
Izici ze-Magellan Clouds
Esinye sezici esingazibona kwenye yezinkanyezi eziseduze neMilky Way ukuthi amaMagellanic Clouds abonisa isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Idatha eveziwe iphakamisa ukuthi zombili izinkanyezi zikhubazeke kakhulu ngamandla olwandle ngesikhathi zisebenzisana neMilky Way. Izinsalela ze-hydrogen engathathi hlangothi ziyazixhumanisa nomunye nomunye kanye nomthala wethu, nawo oye wathinteka ngamafu womabili , njengoba ekhubaze izingxenye zangaphandle zediski yasezulwini.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusabalala kwazo okuhlukile kanye nobukhulu bazo obuncane kakhulu kuyazehlukanisa ne- Milky Way ngezici ezimbili ezibalulekile. Okokuqala, zicebile kakhulu ngomhwamuko wamanzi futhi azinazo izinsimbi eziningi kune-Milky Way. Okwesibili, zombili ziphawuleka ngama-nebulae azo kanye nemiphakathi yazo emincane yezinkanyezi. Ama-nebulae akule mithala anikeza umbukwane omangalisayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yokushesha kwayo kwemisebe ephakeme, yomibili imithala ibonakala isesinyathelweni sayo sokuqala kanye ne-Milky Way; Eqinisweni, kuphakanyiswe ukuthi iMagellan Clouds kungenzeka ukuthi iqale lapho kushayisana umthala i-Andromeda nomunye umthala, okuyimfucumfucu evela kulo mcimbi futhi ejikijelwe ngasemgwaqweni ubisi.
I-Triangulum Galaxy
I-Triangulum Galaxy incane uma iqhathaniswa nomakhelwane bayo abakhulu, okuyi-Milky Way kanye ne-Andromeda Galaxy (eneplanethi ephakathi kwezigidigidi ezingama-30 nezigidigidi ezingama-40 uma iqhathaniswa ne-Milky Way eyizigidigidi ezingama-200 nezigidigidi ezingama-400 kanye ne-Andromeda Galaxy eyizigidigidi), kodwa ubukhulu bayo bufana nobezinye izindilinga ezijikelezayo endaweni yonke.
Ngokufanayo, i-Triangulum Galaxy iyilungu le-Local Group of galaxy - eyesithathu ngokukhanya nobukhulu - futhi ibonakala sengathi iboshwe ngamandla adonsela phansi ku-Andromeda, eqhele ngeminyaka yokukhanya engu- 720000 futhi ijikeleza endaweni engavamile kakhulu.4 I-LGS 3, enye yezingxenye ezincane ze-Local Group, cishe iyi-galaxy eboshwe kuyo.
Umbuzo Ojwayelekile mayelana ne-Triangulum Galaxy
Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezitholwe ngezinkanyezi eduze kweMilky Way ukuthi iTriangulum Galaxy yahlolwa nguGiovanni Battista Odierna ngaphambi kuka-1654, owayihlanganisa neqembu elivulekile esilazi manje ngokuthi i-NGC 752. UCharles Messier wayiveza ngokuqinisekile ngo-1764, eyichaza ngokuthi i-M33 ngo-Agasti 25. ITriangulum Galaxy nayo yahlonzwa nguWilliam Herschel ngoSepthemba 11, 1784, owayinika inombolo ye-athomu i-H V.17. I-M33 iphakathi "kwezinhlayiya ezijikelezayo" zokuqala ezahlonzwa yiLord Rosse.
UHerschel wakhetha nendawo enkulu kunazo zonke ye-H II yalo mthala (i-nebula yokubonakaliswa okufiphele ephethe i-hydrogen ene-ionized) njenge-H III.150, eyihlukanisa nomthala futhi eyibiza ngokuthi yi-NGC 604. Ngale ndlela, lo mthala, njengoba ubonwe eMhlabeni, i-NGC 604, ukhawulelwe enyakatho-mpumalanga yesikhungo se -galactic , futhi ungenye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu ze-H II ezibonwa njalo, ezinobubanzi beminyaka yokukhanya engu-1500 kanye nombono ofana nowe-M42.
Kodwa-ke, nakuba zingenakucatshangelwa ukuthi zilingana ne-NGC 604, ezinye izindawo ze-HII eTriangulum zinhle kakhulu futhi ziyakhazimula ngokulinganayo, zinegama lazo le-NGC. Izibonelo ezicacile zalokhu zifaka phakathi i-NGC 588, i-NGC 592, kanye ne-NGC 595.
Ngokufanayo, i-Triangulum Galaxy ingabonakala ngeso lenyama ezimweni ezingavamile, futhi kubantu abaningi, iyinto ekude kakhulu ebonakala ngeso lenyama. Kodwa-ke, inkulu kakhulu futhi kunzima ukuyibona, futhi ithuluzi elihle kakhulu lokuyibuka yi- binoculars , engaveza ngisho nezingalo zayo ezijikelezayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle kakhulu.
Okokugcina, into ebaluleke kakhulu nekhangayo ochwepheshe abayiqokomisile ngezinkanyezi eziseduze neMilky Way, ikakhulukazi i-M33, ukuthi iveza inqwaba yangempela yezinkanyezi ezintsha, lapho ilanga lihluma khona ngesivinini esivelele kakhulu iMilky Way yethu esijwayele , futhi ibambe ezinye zezinhlangano zesikhala ezicebile kakhulu nezikhazimulayo zeQembu Lendawo ezivela ku-NGC 604.
