I-Las imithala emincane ziyimithala emincane ehlanganiswe izinkanyezi ezihlukahlukene, ekwazi ukufinyelela ezigidini ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezimbalwa, ngokuphambene nomthala “ovamile noma wamanje,” ohlaliswa izigidi zezigidi, okwazi ukufinyelela ezinkanyezini ezingamakhulu ezinkulungwane zezigidi.
Ngalolu hlelo lwemibono, uma esikhundleni sesamba se izinkanyezi Umthamo wayo uyalinganiselwa imithala emincane ibala ukusuka kuma-parsecs ambalwa ukuya cishe ku-10, ngokungafani neminye, engafinyelela futhi yedlule ama-parsecs angu-000, akunjalo?
Izici zemithala emincane
Ezinye zezici zemithala emincane yilezi:
1. Usayizi
Imithala eminingi ayinawo amachopho acijile, ngakho-ke izazi zezinkanyezi ngezinye izikhathi ziveza umthamo womthala ngokwendawo "emaphakathi." ukukhanya”, ohlanganisa ingxenye ekhazimula kakhulu yomthala futhi ebangela uhhafu wemisebe yawo.” Ngokufanayo, umthala omncane i-Crater 2 une-eksisi yokukhanya okuyingxenye yeminyaka engu-7.000 yokukhanya, okuthi, uma sikwazile ukuyihlukanisa, ibingahlanganisa isikhala esiphindwe kabili ngobukhulu benyanga egcwele. Ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe ngalezi zici, ungabheka lezi zici. izinhlobo zemithala.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ososayensi baveza ukuthi i-Crater 2 ayitholakalanga njengoba yahlolwa eduze nezinye izinto ezisanda kubonakala: iCrater globular cluster, kanye nokuba khona kwemithala emithathu emincane eLeo. Konke kungaba yisici esifanele seqoqo lemithala emincane ejikijelwa ngasemkhathini IMilky Way.
2. Umthala omncane wokukhanya
UJosh Simon, usosayensi, uthi i-galaxy kukhulu ngoba kucwebezela kakhulu cishe kuyo yonke eminye imithala eyembulwa ukuthi izungeza i-Milky Way phakathi nenkathi yokugcina. Iveza ukukhanya okuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-160.000 kuneLanga. Lesi sici sigqamisa ukubaluleka kokufunda i- ukwakheka komthala nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwayo.
3. Imithala emincane etholakala kuQembu Lendawo
Ngolunye uhlelo lwemibono, kuqoqo lemithala lapho sikhona, okungukuthi, i iqembu lendawo, kungase kutholakale imithala emincane eminingi. Iningi lijwayele ukuzungeza eminye imithala emikhulu, yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi imithala yesathelayithi. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi endabeni yalokho okumelela imithala ye-satellite ye-Andromeda Galaxy, ingachazwa ngokuthi i-Andromeda I, II, III, njalonjalo. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe, sincoma ukuthi ufunde mayelana ne- ukwakheka kanye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwemithala.
4. Ukudalwa kwemithala emincane
Imibono yamanje ithi imithala, eseduze ne-dwarfs, idalwe ngokuhlanganisa izinto ezimnyama, noma ngendlela efanayo negesi ebamba izinsimbi. Nokho, i NASA uye wembula imithala emincane ehlukahlukene abanensimbi encane. Le mithala yayitholakala eringini ye- Leo , ifu lasemkhathini elihlezi phakathi kwemithala emibili enamandla esezoshayisana.
5. Imithala emincane eyi-Elliptical
ngesigidi uquqaba olwakhiwe izimpande, imithala emincane eyi-elliptical mikhulu kakhulu kunamaqoqo ayimbulunga yonke. Zakhiwe inani elincane lezinkanyezi, okuzenza zikhanye kakhulu futhi ngenxa yalokho kube nzima kakhulu ukuzibona. Ezinye azibonakali ngisho nasezingcwecweni zezithombe, futhi zivela ngokuzimele, ngezilinganiso zokushintshashintsha kokuhlangana kwezinkanyezi ezitholakala endaweni yonke. Ukuze uqonde kabanzi mayelana nezici zemithala, vakashela isihloko esithi izinhlobo zemithala.
Ungahlukanisa kanjani imithala eyi-elliptical emincane
Inkinga yendawo inomphumela obalulekile: siyakwazi ukuhlukanisa kuphela imithala ama-middges endaweni yethu eseduze. Lokhu kukhombisa, ngokusobala, ubunzima uma kuziwa ekuhloleni izakhi ezithile, njengokuchichima kwemithala emincane e-Cosmos kanye nokusebenzisana kwayo nobuningi bayo. Kodwa-ke, ekuqaleni kokuhlangana kwayo okuphansi kakhulu, inani elikhulu lemithala emincane lingaphoqeleka ngempela ukuba libe nomphumela olinganiselayo ngobuningi beNdalo, okubonakala kungenakwenzeka.
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zemithala emincane
Phakathi kwamakilasi noma izinhlobo zemithala okuncane aziwa kakhulu yilezi:
I-Elliptical Dwarf Galaxy, Irregular Dwarf Galaxy, Magellanic Dwarf Galaxy, Dwarf Spiral Galaxy kanye, ngaphandle kokungabaza, i-Spheroidal Dwarf Galaxy. Ngomunye umqondo, ezinye izibonelo zemithala emincane kungaba: Carina Dwarf, Fornax Dwarf, Sculptor Dwarf, Pegasus Dwarf, Sextans Dwarf, Small Magellanic Cloud, NGC 1569, NGC 1705, Ursa Minor Dwarf, Leo I, Tucana Dwarf, Draco Dwarf I-Sagittarius Irregular Dwarf, I Zwicky 18, UGC 5336, Sextans A, Sagittarius Elliptical Dwarf, Henize 2-10 futhi sine-Phoenix Dwarf. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nalezi zinhlobo, ungabheka isixhumanisi ku ifu le-magellanic.
i-nebulae encane
Ukuhlukaniswa okujwayelekile kwemithala, ngokuya ngendawo yayo yezinzwa, kuvame ukuvela ngaphansi isidlaliso sokuhlukanisa de hubble. Olunye uhlelo lwe-nebulae lungenziwa maqondana nesixuku sabo.
Futhi, abacwaningi base benesikhathi eside beqagela ukuthi ukuphephetha kwezinkanyezi zasemkhathini kulinganiselwe kakhulu, ngoba imithala ephawuliwe yayibonakala inesisindo esifanayo. Ngempela, isikali sikhulu kakhulu kunalokho, kodwa kwakunzima ukuqaphela.
Ngokuqondile, kuze kube muva nje, izibonisi zethu ziye zavinjelwa ekutholeni imithala emincane kakhulu, ngisho naleyo esondelene kakhulu, njengoba yayifiphele kakhulu. Kwakungenakwenzeka ngokufanayo ngabo ukubona imithala emikhulu, njengoba le iqhelelene, futhi ukukhanya ngokusobala, ngenxa yalokho, inciphe kakhulu.
Mayelana nalokhu okungenhla, ngokuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokuhlaziya, i izazi zezinkanyezi ngamafuphi bavuselela ama-nebulae amasha owayebalekele kuze kube manje kukho konke ukutholwa, ngaleyo ndlela ethola umoya obanzi kakhulu we-agglomeration. Siyazi manje ukuthi kunezinto ezibuthakathaka kakhulu.
Umthala omusha omncane womthala wethu
Iqembu le ososayensi bathole umthala omncane ijikeleza ku-Milky Way ubukhulu bayo bukhulu kakhulu kunalezo cishe zonke ezinye izinkanyezi ze-nebula. Kungase kuthinte iqembu elincane lemithala ephonswe kwelethu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imithala emikhulu efana ne-Milky Way yadalwa ngokuncibilika kwemincane, ngokwezindinganiso. Ukuzenzisa nakho kukhomba ukuthi wonke amaqoqo emithala angajikijelwa ngesikhathi esisodwa kuyi-nebula enkulu. Amamodeli angcono kakhulu endaweni yethu ye-cosmic iMagellan Clouds (imithala emincane), ama-nebula amabili iziphuphutheki izingxenye ezigqame kakhulu ze-Milky Way, okungenzeka ukuthi zizungeza ngapha nangapha.
Ngomunye umqondo, cishe ama-nebula amane azungeza ku-Milky Way. Okukhulu kakhulu mayelana nokunwetshwa yiSagittarius dwarf, eyahlolwa ngo-1994, nokho inkulu kuphela ngenxa yokuthi ibhujiswa ubulukhuni beMilky Way. Okulandelayo ekubalweni yila Amafu weMagellan.
Iziphetho mayelana nemithala emincane
Imithala ama-dwarfs yiqembu lama-nebulae amancane ihlelwe ngezigidi zezinkanyezi, inombolo encane elingana ne-Milky Way ephethe izinkanyezi eziphakathi kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-200 nezingu-400.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunephuzu esibhakabhakeni ososayensi abalibiza ngokuthi i-Local Group, lapho izigidi zama-nebula zivame ukuhlangana. Ngalo mqondo, imithala emincane iwuhlobo lwawo i-nebula evame kakhulu, futhi kucatshangelwa ukuthi lokhu kuyajabulisa indawo yonke. Ngokuvamile lawa mantombazane ajikelezayo emithala eduze kwama-nebula amakhulu, njenge-Andromeda Galaxy, i-Milky Way noma i-Triangulum Galaxy. Futhi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi umthala wethu unemithala emincane engu-14 ezungeza cishe.
Ekugcineni, enye ye imithala ama-dwarfs avame kakhulu yi-dwarf ICrater 2, umthala omusha awubonakali kubantu, nokho ezinye zezinkanyezi zawo zingabonakala. Ithimba lakwazi ukukuthola kuphela ngoJanuwari 2016, ngemva kokusebenzisa ikhompuyutha ukubheka ukuhlangana kwezinkanyezi ezisafufusa nezijwayelekile kudatha edwetshwe ucwaningo lwe-VST ATLAS eChile.
