La imvula ene-asidi yinto engokwemvelo okubangela ukukhathazeka ngempilo yethu kanye ne-ecosystem yethu. Kwenzeka lapho ukungcola komoya okufana ne-sulphur dioxide nama-nitrogen oxides kuhlangana nomhwamuko wamanzi emkhathini futhi Bakha ama-asidi.
Into edabukisayo ngalawa ma-acids yilapho ethela oqweqweni loMhlaba njengemvula, iqhwa noma inkungu, ngoba idala imiphumela eyingozi endaweni ezungezile nakuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo. Kungani lezi zenzakalo zenzeka? Kunamiphi imiphumela kubantu?
Kungani kuba nemvula ene-asidi?
Ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo, ukuzamazama komhlaba, imililo yemvelo kanye nombani, phakathi kokunye, kukhiqiza a ukukhishwa kwe-sulphur dioxide ne-nitrogen oxides. Uma iphendula onomoya-mpilo emoyeni kanye nomhwamuko wamanzi, ishintsha ibe ama-asidi abese efakwa phezu komhlaba ngenxa yemvula.
Isenzo somuntu sisebenza kakhulu kulo msebenzi. Ukushiswa kwamafutha embonini, ukushiswa kwezitshalo zamandla enuzi, amagesi akhiqizwa izimoto noma ukukhishwa kwamapulazi amakhulu emfuyo. ukukhishwa okukhulu kwe-nitrogen oxides. Amapulazi afuywa kakhulu akhiqiza isamba esikhulu se-ammonia ngokubola kwezinto eziphilayo.
Imvelo yenza umjikelezo wayo futhi ithuthe inani elikhulu lalezi zinto ezingcolisayo emhlabeni. Ukubekwa kwayo kuyahlungwa lapho le mvula eneasidi ikhiqizwa ukwakheka kwe-sulfuric acid ne-nitric acid. HE ihlangana namaconsi amanzi avela emafwini bese iwela phezu komhlaba enegama imvula ene-asidi.
Imvula ene-asidi ibathinta kanjani abantu?
Imvula ene-asidi ngokuvamile ayibathinti abantu ngokushesha, kodwa ingaba nayo imiphumela ngokuqondile nangokungaqondile. Izinhlayiya ezingcolisayo zidala izinkinga zempilo zesikhathi eside ngoba zisemoyeni futhi singakubona lokhu ezimeni ezifana nalezi:
- izinkinga zokuphefumula, uma kubhekwa ukuthi izinhlayiya ezinhle namagesi acasulayo aphefumula abantu, okuthinta amaphaphu nendlela yokuphefumula. Yena asma Kungomunye wemiphumela, okubangela ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya. I izifo ezingamahlalakhona ezingapheli Ikhiqizwa ukuchayeka isikhathi eside futhi ibangele ukuvuvukala komgudu wokuphefumula. Ukucasuka kwamaphaphu nakho kwenzeka, ngomuzwa wokuqina esifubeni kanye nokucasuka emgudwini wokuphefumula.
- Ukucasuka kwamehlo nesikhumba, Esinye isizathu ukutholakala kwama-acids emoyeni, okubangela ukucasuka kubantu abavezwayo. Izimpawu ukulunywa noma ububomvu.
Imvula ene-asidi idala umonakalo ngokungaqondile, njenge ukungcoliswa kwamanzi kanye nomthelela enawo ochungechungeni lokudla. Amachibi, imifula nemithombo yamanzi okuphuza ithintwa yizinsimbi ezinzima. Ngenxa yalokho, kwenzeka ubuthi izinsimbi ezinzima, njenge-mercury noma umthofu, njengoba zidliwa izinhlanzi nezinye izinto eziphilayo futhi seziyingxenye yochungechunge lokudla. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zingabangela ukulimala kwezinzwa nezinso kubantu.
Izitshalo nokudla nakho kuyathinteka, ukushintsha izinga lokudla. Uma imvula ene-asidi iqhubeka emhlabathini wezitshalo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi inganciphisa inani lezakhamzimba zayo futhi yandise ukuba khona kwezinto ezinobuthi.
Uyini umphumela wemvula ene-asidi ohlelweni lwethu lwendalo?
Njengoba sesibukezile, I-pH yemvula iyashintsha lapho i-sulfuric acid ne-nitric acid ihlangana. Uma iwela phezu komhlaba iba nemiphumela emibi esizokwazi ngayo:
Amanzi awela emhlabeni wethu adala ukuthi amanzi ahlanzekile angcole, ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi ezihlala kuwo. Lokhu kungcola kwandisa ukwanda kwe-ion yensimbi, njenge-aluminium, okuyinto Kubangela ukufa kwezinhlanzi, izilwane ezihlala emanzini nasemanzini kanye nezitshalo zasemanzini. Ngisho namanzi angaphansi komhlaba ayathinteka futhi ngeke esalungela ukusetshenziswa.
Izilwandle nazo ziyathinteka, ukulahlekelwa izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokukhiqiza. Lapho amanzi engcoliswa, i-pH iyehla futhi iholela ekubhujisweni kwe-phytoplankton, umthombo wokudla wezilwane eziningi zasolwandle. Ngenxa yalokho, uchungechunge lokudla luyashintshwa futhi ezinye izilwane ziyanyamalala.
Imvula ene-asidi nayo iyabangela ukulimala kwezakhiwo eziyingxenye yamagugu obuciko namasiko. Lapho iwa, ingagqwala ukwakheka kwezikhumbuzo eziningi nezakhiwo zensimbi, kubangele ukuwohloka. Ingabonwa ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni ezenziwe ngemabula noma nge-limestone, encibilika kancane kancane.
Ukukhishwa okungcolisayo kungancishiswa kanjani?
Ukungcola nokungcola okuhlobene nalo mphumela kungancishiswa. Kuyindaba yokubambisana okukhulu komhlaba wonke kanye nesikhathi eside, kusukela imiphumela ye ukuncishiswa kwayo bekungeke kubonakale esikhathini esifushane, kodwa kuzothatha iminyaka eminingi ukubona ukuthuthuka kwayo. Ngakho-ke, kufanele siguqule imikhuba yethu eminingi futhi ohulumeni kufanele bakhuthaze ezinye izinto zokubasa. Ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo nezinye izehlakalo azinakugwenywa, kodwa kufanele kwenziwe umsebenzi wokunciphisa nokuthuthukisa amandla ahlanzekile.
- Kukhona lokho ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ekhaya, izimboni nezinkampani. Ngokunciphisa amandla, izitshalo zizokhipha amakhemikhali ambalwa angakhiqizi.
- Kufanele ubheje ku ukudalwa kwamandla avuselelekayo, ukusetshenziswa kwegesi yemvelo kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, ngaphezu kokunciphisa izinga lesulfure abalikhiphayo.
- Kumele zihlungwe futhi khipha ubuthi emanzini asetshenziswa izimboni ngaphambi kokuzilahla emifuleni, ikakhulukazi esimweni se ukungcoliswa kwamanzi. Kunezinhlanganisela ze-alkaline zemizimba yamanzi ukuze inciphise i-pH.
- Kukhona lokho ukubhejwa ezokuthutha zomphakathi, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa imoto. Kungcono hamba ngezinyawo noma usebenzise ibhayisikili uma kwenzeka.
- Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsalela, kufanele sigxile izinto zokuthutha zikagesi, Ngale ndlela, ukukhishwa okungcolisayo kuyagwenywa.
- La ukutshala izihlahla Kuhle ukuze bakwazi ukumunca umoya ongcolile.
- Kumelwe kube ukukhuthaza ukusungulwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha, ngale ndlela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla ahlanzekile kuyathuthukiswa.
