Imvula ene-asidi iyinto ebangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu empilweni yethu kanye nasemvelweni. Kwenzeka lapho ukungcola komoya okufana ne-sulfur dioxide kanye ne-nitrogen oxides kuhlangana nomhwamuko wamanzi emkhathini bese kwakha ama-asidi.
Inhlekelele yala ma-asidi ivela lapho ewela eMhlabeni njengemvula, iqhwa, noma inkungu, okubangela imiphumela eyingozi emvelweni nakuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Kungani lezi zimo zenzeka? Iyini imiphumela kubantu?
Kungani kuba nemvula ene-asidi?
Ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo, ukuzamazama komhlaba, imililo yasendle, kanye nombani, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kukhipha i-sulfur dioxide kanye ne-nitrogen oxides. Lokhu kusabela nomoya-mpilo emoyeni kanye nomhwamuko wamanzi, kuguquke kube ama-asidi abese ebekwa ebusweni boMhlaba ngemvula.
Imisebenzi yabantu idlala indima enkulu kule nqubo. Ukushiswa kwamafutha embonini, ukushiswa kwezitshalo zamandla enuzi, ukukhishwa kwegesi okuvela ezimotweni, kanye namapulazi amakhulu emfuyo kukhipha inani elikhulu lama-nitrogen oxides. Ukufuya izilwane okujulile kukhiqiza inani elikhulu le-ammonia ekuboleni kwezinto eziphilayo.
Imvelo yenza umjikelezo wayo futhi ithutha inani elikhulu lalezi zinto ezingcolisayo ziye ebusweni boMhlaba. Ukugcwala kwazo kwenzeka lapho le mvula ye-asidi ikhiqizwa ngokwakhiwa kwama-asidi e-sulfuric ne-nitric. Ixubana namaconsi amanzi emafwini bese iwela ebusweni boMhlaba njengemvula ye-asidi.
Imvula ene-asidi ibathinta kanjani abantu?
Imvula ene-asidi ayivamisile ukuthinta abantu ngqo esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, kodwa ingaba nemiphumela eqondile nengaqondile . Izinhlayiya ezingcolisayo zibangela izinkinga zempilo zesikhathi eside ngoba zikhona emoyeni, futhi singakubona lokhu ezimweni ezifana nalezi:
- izinkinga zokuphefumula, uma kubhekwa ukuthi izinhlayiya ezinhle namagesi acasulayo aphefumula abantu, okuthinta amaphaphu nendlela yokuphefumula. Yena asma Kungomunye wemiphumela, okubangela ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya. I izifo ezingamahlalakhona ezingapheli Ikhiqizwa ukuchayeka isikhathi eside futhi ibangele ukuvuvukala komgudu wokuphefumula. Ukucasuka kwamaphaphu nakho kwenzeka, ngomuzwa wokuqina esifubeni kanye nokucasuka emgudwini wokuphefumula.
- Ukucasuka kwamehlo nesikhumba, Esinye isizathu ukutholakala kwama-acids emoyeni, okubangela ukucasuka kubantu abavezwayo. Izimpawu ukulunywa noma ububomvu.
Imvula ene-asidi ibangela umonakalo ongaqondile, njengokungcola kwamanzi kanye nomthelela wawo ochungechungeni lokudla. Amachibi, imifula, kanye nemithombo yamanzi okuphuza kuthintwa yizinsimbi ezisindayo. Ngenxa yalokho, kwenzeka ubuthi bensimbi ezisindayo, lapho izinto ezifana ne-mercury kanye nomthofu zidliwa yizinhlanzi nezinye izinto eziphilayo, ngaleyo ndlela zingene ochungechungeni lokudla. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungabangela umonakalo wezinzwa kanye nezinso kubantu.
Izitshalo nokudla nakho kuyathinteka, okushintsha ikhwalithi yokudla. Uma imvula ene-asidi iqhubeka emhlabathini, inganciphisa inani lezakhamzimba zayo futhi yandise ukuba khona kwezinto ezinobuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Uyini umphumela wemvula ene-asidi ohlelweni lwethu lwendalo?
Njengoba sesiphawulile, i-pH yemvula iyashintsha lapho i-sulfuric acid ne-nitric acid kuhlangana . Uma iwela ebusweni bomhlaba, inemiphumela emibi kakhulu esizoyihlola:
Amanzi emvula ezweni lethu angcolisa amanzi ahlanzekile, ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi ezihlala lapho. Lokhu kungcola kwandisa amazinga ama-ion ensimbi, njenge-aluminium, okubangela ukufa kwezinhlanzi, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini, kanye nezitshalo zasemanzini. Ngisho namanzi angaphansi komhlaba ayathinteka futhi abe angaphephile ukusetshenziswa.
Izilwandle nazo ziyathinteka, zilahlekelwa yizinto eziphilayo kanye nokukhiqiza. Lapho amanzi engcoliswa, i-pH iyehla, okuholela ekubhujisweni kwe-phytoplankton, umthombo wokudla wezilwane eziningi zasolwandle. Ngenxa yalokho, uchungechunge lokudla luyashintsha, futhi ezinye izilwane ziyanyamalala.
Imvula ene-asidi nayo ilimaza izakhiwo eziyingxenye yefa lethu lobuciko namasiko. Njengoba iwa, ingalimaza isakhiwo sezikhumbuzo eziningi nezakhiwo zensimbi, okubangela ukuwohloka. Lokhu kubonakala kakhulu ezakhiweni ezenziwe ngemabula noma nge-limestone, ezincibilika kancane kancane.
Ukukhishwa okungcolisayo kungancishiswa kanjani?
Ukukhishwa kwegesi kanye nokungcola okuhlobene nalomphumela kungancishiswa. Kudinga ukubambisana okukhulu komhlaba wonke kanye nokuzibophezela kwesikhathi eside, njengoba imiphumela yalokhu kunciphisa ngeke ibonakale esikhathini esifushane ; ukuthuthuka kuzothatha iminyaka eminingi ukuba kwenzeke. Ngenxa yalokho, kumelwe sishintshe imikhuba yethu eminingi, futhi ohulumeni kumele bakhuthaze uphethiloli ohlukile. Ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo nezinye izinhlekelele zemvelo akunakuvinjelwa, kodwa kumelwe sisebenzele ukuzinciphisa futhi sikhuthaze imithombo yamandla ahlanzekile.
- Kukhona lokho ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ekhaya, izimboni nezinkampani. Ngokunciphisa amandla, izitshalo zizokhipha amakhemikhali ambalwa angakhiqizi.
- Kufanele ubheje ku ukudalwa kwamandla avuselelekayo, ukusetshenziswa kwegesi yemvelo kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, ngaphezu kokunciphisa izinga lesulfure abalikhiphayo.
- Kumele zihlungwe futhi khipha ubuthi emanzini asetshenziswa izimboni ngaphambi kokuzilahla emifuleni, ikakhulukazi esimweni se ukungcoliswa kwamanzi. Kunezinhlanganisela ze-alkaline zemizimba yamanzi ukuze inciphise i-pH.
- Kukhona lokho ukubhejwa ezokuthutha zomphakathi, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa imoto. Kungcono hamba ngezinyawo noma usebenzise ibhayisikili uma kwenzeka.
- Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsalela, kufanele sigxile izinto zokuthutha zikagesi, Ngale ndlela, ukukhishwa okungcolisayo kuyagwenywa.
- La ukutshala izihlahla Kuhle ukuze bakwazi ukumunca umoya ongcolile.
- Kumelwe kube ukukhuthaza ukusungulwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha, ngale ndlela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla ahlanzekile kuyathuthukiswa.
