Imvula ene-asidi iyisimo sezulu esibangelwa ukungcola komoya okubangelwa ukukhishwa okunobuthi okuvela ezimbonini, ezimotweni, nakwezinye izindawo . Kwenzeka lapho kungcoliswa ukukhishwa okunobuthi, njenge-sulfur dioxide (SO2) kanye nama-nitrogen oxide ahlukahlukene (NOx), kuhlanganiswa nomswakama nomoya-mpilo womoya, kwakha i-sulfuric acid (H2SO4) kanye ne-nitric acid (HNO3), okube sekuwa eMhlabeni njengemvula ene-asidi enemiphumela ebalulekile emvelweni, empilweni yabantu, kanye nasezindaweni zemvelo.
Kulesi sihloko, uzofunda ngemvelaphi, imiphumela, kanye nezixazululo ezingaba khona zokubhekana nale nkinga yemvelo yomhlaba wonke. Sizokukhombisa konke obungakwazi ngemvula ene-asidi: inselele yemvelo edinga isinyathelo esiphuthumayo.
Umsuka kanye nemithombo yemvula ene-asidi
Imithombo eyinhloko yezinto ezandulela imvula ene-asidi yimisebenzi yabantu, ikakhulukazi ukushiswa kwamafutha ezitshalweni zamandla, ukukhiqiza, kanye nokuthutha. Le misebenzi ikhipha inani elikhulu le-sulfur dioxide kanye ne-nitrogen oxides emkhathini, bese isabela ngomhwamuko wamanzi ukuze yakhe amakhemikhali ane-asidi.
Lezi zinto ezingcolisayo zibe sezihlakazwa amabanga amade emkhathini ngomoya nangamanye amandla, ngaleyo ndlela zenze imvula eneasidi ibe usongo lwembulunga yonke kunokuba kube inkinga yendawo.
Imithelela emvelweni
Imvula ene-asidi inemiphumela elimazayo emvelweni, ithinta zonke izindawo zohlelo loMhlaba:
Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi
Amanzi, njengamachibi nemifula, asengozini enkulu. Amanzi anomuncu angalimaza impilo yasemanzini ngokwehlisa i-pH yamanzi, okuholela ekufeni kwezinhlanzi nezinye izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini ezizwela lezi zinguquko. Ungafunda kabanzi ngokungcola kwemifula namachibi ukuze uqonde ukuthi kuthinta kanjani imvelo yasemanzini.
Ukuguguleka komhlabathi
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imvula ene-asidi ingalimaza inhlabathi, iyigugule futhi ithinte kabi impilo yamahlathi. Imvula ene-asidi ishintsha ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukutholakala kwezakhamzimba zezitshalo. Inhlabathi iba sezingeni eliphansi futhi inamandla aphansi okusekela izitshalo. Omunye umphumela wokwanda kwe-asidi enhlabathini ukukhishwa kwezinsimbi ezinobuthi, njenge-aluminium, eziyingozi kakhulu ezitshalweni nasezintweni eziphilayo zomhlaba. Lesi simo sihlobene nezinhlobo zokungcola kwenhlabathi ezithinta ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo.
Ukubhujiswa kwezimila
Ezindaweni zemvelo zomhlaba, imvula ene-asidi ingathinta impilo yamahlathi ngokwenza buthaka izihlahla futhi zenze zibe sengozini enkulu yezifo nezinambuzane. Eqinisweni, kubhalwe izibonelo eziningi zomthelela wemvelo , okubonisa ukuthi lokhu kungaba nemiphumela ebhubhisayo kuyo yonke indawo zemvelo.
Ukuncishiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo
Iplanethi enguMhlaba iwuhlelo oluxhumene lwezingxenye ezine ezibalulekile: i-geosphere, i-atmosphere, i-hydrosphere kanye ne-biosphere. Ukushintshashintsha phakathi kwawo kunomphumela ongokwemvelo wokuthi noma yiluphi ushintsho kwelinye lamalungu luyoba nomthelela kwamanye. Ngakho-ke, kuzo zonke izinto ezishiwo ngenhla, umphumela ongenakugwenywa womthelela ku-biosphere utholakala: impilo yasemhlabeni izobhekana nemiphumela yokungcoliswa komoya ngenxa yezandulela zemvula ene-asidi.
Njengoba kushiwo, imvula ene-asidi ingashiya umkhondo wokubhujiswa: ibulala izinhlanzi nezinye izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini, ibhubhise izindawo ezinkulu zezitshalo, futhi ekugcineni iphazamise imvelo, inciphise ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo eMhlabeni. Kuyinkinga eshaqisayo ngempela. Uma sikhuluma ngale ndaba, kubalulekile ukukhumbula imiphumela yokulahlekelwa ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo okubangelwa yimvula ene-asidi.
Umonakalo wasemadolobheni
Ukufakwa kwe-asidi kungalimaza izakhiwo nezikhumbuzo , ikakhulukazi lezo ezakhiwe ngezinto ezizwela ukugqwala njengemabula negranite. Idolobha kumele lizivumelanise nale miphumela ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukungcoliswa komoya nokuvikela ifa lalo.
Imvula ene-asidi nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu
Ukukhishwa kwe-sulfur dioxide (SO2) kanye ne-nitrogen oxides (NOx), okubangela imvula ene-asidi, kuhlotshaniswa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Lawa magesi anegalelo ekwakhekeni kwezinhlayiya emkhathini ezithinta ukubonakaliswa koMhlaba (albedo). Ungafunda kabanzi ngalesi sihloko esihlokweni sokufudumala komhlaba ukuze ubone ukuthi sihlobana kanjani nezinye izinkinga zemvelo.
Izinhlayiya ezisemkhathini zingabuyisa imisebe yelanga emkhathini, okunomphumela wokupholisa . Kodwa-ke, zingamunca nemisebe ye-infrared ekhishwa uMhlaba, okubangela ukufudumala komhlaba.
Ukubalwa komhlaba wonke kwayo yomibili imiphumela kuzodala ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kweplanethi kwelinye noma kwelinye, kodwa kunoma yikuphi, ukuguqula izinga lokushisa leplanethi elilungile nelilungile lokuphila eMhlabeni.
Imithelela empilweni yomuntu
Nakuba imvula ene-asidi ngokwayo ingabi yingozi ngqo empilweni yabantu, umthelela wayo emvelweni ungaba nemiphumela engaqondile. Ukungcoliswa komoya okuholela emvuleni ene-asidi kungabangela izinkinga zokuphefumula , ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezimo ezikhona kakade njenge-asthma.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudla okungcoliswe yizinsimbi ezikhishwa yi-acidization yenhlabathi kungaba yingozi yesikhathi eside empilweni yabantu, njengoba kushiwo emiphumeleni yokuwohloka kwemvelo okuthinta ikhwalithi yethu yokuphila.
Izixazululo namasu okunciphisa
Ukubhekana nenkinga yemvula ene-asidi kudinga indlela ebanzi ehlanganisa izinyathelo ezingeni lasekhaya, likazwelonke kanye namazwe ngamazwe. Amasu ayisisekelo asungulwe kumaphrothokholi emvelo azoba:
- Ukunciphisa i-Emission: sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile ezimbonini nasezimbonini zamandla ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwe-sulphur dioxide nama-nitrogen oxides. Ukukhuthazwa kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo (amandla aluhlaza) nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile kulokhu.
- Ukulawula ukukhishwa kwezinto zokuhamba: ukusungula imithethonqubo yokulawula evimbela ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto ezingcolile futhi ikhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto zikagesi kanye nezinye izindlela zokuthutha ezizinzile.
- Ukuvundisa komhlabathi: Ezindaweni ezithintwe ukugcwala kwe-asidi yomhlabathi, izinyathelo zokulungisa zingasetshenziswa ukuze kuncishiswe ubumuncu futhi kubuyiselwe impilo yomhlabathi. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwamanzi ngezinsimbi ezisindayo.
- Ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe: Imvula ene-asidi ayinamingcele, ngakho ukubambisana phakathi kwamazwe kubalulekile. Ukusungula izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezivumelwano zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi emhlabeni wonke kubalulekile ukuze kubhekwane nale nkinga ngempumelelo.
Ukuze uthole umhlaba ozinzile
Imvula ene-asidi imele inselele enkulu yendawo ezungezile ethinta kakhulu imvelo yemvelo kanye nempilo yabantu.
Umphakathi wanamuhla ugxile embonini kawoyela njengomthombo oyinhloko wamandla. Uma nje sincike kulawa mafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, izimboni zizoqhubeka zikhipha izandulela eziyingozi zemvula eneasidi elimaza izimiso zemvelo kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo eziqinile ezinciphisa ngempela futhi ngempumelelo lokhu kukhishelwa, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe imithelela emibi kakhulu.
Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aluhlaza kukhuthazwa njengamanje futhi kunemikhankaso yokuqwashisa umphakathi, sisenendlela ende okufanele siyihambe endleleni eya ezweni elizinzile. Ucwaningo lwesayensi luyaqhubeka nokusebenza ekuthuthukiseni ezinye izindlela zamandla ezingaba ngokoqobo, ngezinqubomgomo ezifanele zokusebenzisa.
Ngethemba ukuthi maduze sizokwazi ukusho ukuthi sivikelekile emvuleni ene-asidi: inselele yemvelo edinga isinyathelo esiphuthumayo.
