Imvula ene-asidi isenzakalo sesimo sezulu esibangelwa ukungcoliswa komoya ngenxa yokukhishwa okunobuthi okuvela embonini, ezimotweni nakweminye imithombo.. Kwenzeka lapho ukukhishwa okungcolisayo, okufana ne-sulphur dioxide (SO2) nama-nitrogen oxide ahlukene (NOx), kuhlangana nomswakama womkhathi nomoya-mpilo, kwakha i-sulfuric acid (H2SO4) ne-nitric acid (HNO3), ebese iwela eMhlabeni ngendlela yemvula ene-asidi enemiphumela ebalulekile yemvelo, impilo yomuntu kanye nemvelo.
Kulesi sihloko, uzofunda ngemvelaphi, imithelela kanye nezixazululo ezingaba khona zokubhekana nale nkinga yezemvelo yesikali seplanethi. Sikukhombisa yonke into obungayazi nge Imvula ene-asidi: inselelo yemvelo edinga isinyathelo esiphuthumayo.
Umsuka kanye nemithombo yemvula ene-asidi
Imithombo eyinhloko yokukhishwa kwe Izandulela zemvula ene-asidi zivela emisebenzini yabantu, ikakhulukazi ukushiswa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi ezimbonini zikagesi, ezokukhiqiza nezokuthutha. Le misebenzi ikhiphela isamba esikhulu se-sulphur dioxide nama-nitrogen oxides emkhathini, abese esabela ngomhwamuko owakhe izinhlanganisela zemvelo ene-asidi.
Lezi zinto ezingcolisayo zibe sezihlakazwa amabanga amade emkhathini ngomoya nangamanye amandla, ngaleyo ndlela zenze imvula eneasidi ibe usongo lwembulunga yonke kunokuba kube inkinga yendawo.
Imithelela emvelweni
Imvula ene-asidi inemiphumela elimazayo emvelweni, ithinta zonke izindawo zohlelo loMhlaba:
Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi
Amanzi amaningi, njengamachibi nemifula, asengozini kakhulu. Amanzi ane-acidic angathinta impilo yasemanzini njengoba yehlisa i-pH yamanzi, okuholela ekufeni kwezinhlanzi nezinye izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini ezizwelayo kulezi zinguquko. Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne- ukungcoliswa kwemifula namachibi ukuqonda ukuthi lokhu kuthinta kanjani imvelo yasemanzini.
Ukuguguleka komhlabathi
Futhi, Imvula ene-asidi ingalimaza inhlabathi, iyigugule futhi ithinte kakhulu impilo yamahlathi. Imvula ene-asidi ishintsha ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kanjalo nokuba khona kwayo okunomsoco ezitshalweni. Ziba yinhlabathi yezinga eliphansi namandla okusekela uhlaza. Omunye wemiphumela ye-acidification yomhlabathi ukukhishwa kwezinsimbi ezinobuthi, njenge-aluminium, eziyingozi kakhulu ezitshalweni nasezintweni eziphilayo zomhlabathi. Lesi senzakalo sihlobene futhi izinhlobo zokungcoliswa komhlabathi ezithinta izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Ukubhujiswa kwezimila
Ku-ecosystems yasemhlabeni, Imvula ene-asidi ingaba nomthelela empilweni yamahlathi ngokwenza izihlahla zibe buthaka futhi zikwazi ukungenwa kalula yizifo nezinambuzane. Eqinisweni, amacala ahlukahlukene aye abhalwa izibonelo zomthelela kwezemvelo okubonisa ukuthi lokhu kungaba nemiphumela eqhubekayo ku-ecosystem.
Ukuncishiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo
Iplanethi enguMhlaba iwuhlelo oluxhumene lwezingxenye ezine ezibalulekile: i-geosphere, i-atmosphere, i-hydrosphere kanye ne-biosphere. Ukushintshashintsha phakathi kwawo kunomphumela ongokwemvelo wokuthi noma yiluphi ushintsho kwelinye lamalungu luyoba nomthelela kwamanye. Ngakho-ke, kuzo zonke izinto ezishiwo ngenhla, umphumela ongenakugwenywa womthelela ku-biosphere utholakala: impilo yasemhlabeni izobhekana nemiphumela yokungcoliswa komoya ngenxa yezandulela zemvula ene-asidi.
Njengoba sekushiwo, imvula ene-asidi ingageza imizimba eminingi endleleni yayo: Ibhubhisa izimpilo zezinhlanzi nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zasemanzini, ibhubhisa izindawo ezinkulu ezimilayo futhi, ngamafuphi, ilinganisa imvelo, inciphisa ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo eMhlabeni. Kuyinkinga ekhathazayo ngempela. Ekhuluma ngalesi sihloko, kubalulekile ukukhumbula imiphumela yokulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo atholakala emvuleni ene-asidi.
Umonakalo wasemadolobheni
Ukufakwa kwe-acid kungalimaza izakhiwo nezikhumbuzo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezakhiwe ngezinto ezingezwani nokugqwala njengemabula negwadle. Idolobha kufanele lizivumelanise nale miphumela by izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukungcoliswa komoya ukuvikela ifa labo.
Imvula ene-asidi nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu
Ukukhishwa kwe-sulphur dioxide (SO2) nama-nitrogen oxides (NOx) abangela imvula ene-asidi kuhlobene nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Lawa magesi anesandla ku- ukwakheka kwezinhlayiya emkhathini ezithinta i-reflection yomhlaba (albedo). Ungafunda kabanzi ngalesi sihloko esihlokweni mayelana ukufudumala kwezwe ukubona ukuthi ihlobana kanjani nezinye izinkinga zemvelo.
Izinhlayiya ezisemkhathini zingabonisa imisebe yelanga ibuyele emkhathini, ene- ukupholisa noma umphumela wefriji. Kodwa-ke, bangakwazi futhi ukumunca imisebe ye-infrared ekhishwa nguMhlaba, ibe nomthelela ukushisa kakhulu komhlaba.
Ukubalwa komhlaba wonke kwayo yomibili imiphumela kuzodala ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kweplanethi kwelinye noma kwelinye, kodwa kunoma yikuphi, ukuguqula izinga lokushisa leplanethi elilungile nelilungile lokuphila eMhlabeni.
Imithelela empilweni yomuntu
Nakuba imvula ene-asidi ngokwayo ingameli ingozi eqondile empilweni yomuntu, umthelela wayo endaweni ezungezile ungaba nemiphumela engaqondile. Ukungcoliswa komoya okuholela emvuleni ene-asidi kungaba nomthelela ezinkingeni zokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezimo ezivele zikhona ngaphambili njengesifuba somoya.
Futhi, Ukungeniswa kokudla okungcoliswe izinsimbi ezikhiqizwe i-asidi yomhlabathi kungase kubonise ingozi impilo yomuntu yesikhathi eside, njengoba kushiwo ku imiphumela yokuwohloka kwemvelo ezithinta izinga lempilo yethu.
Izixazululo namasu okunciphisa
Ukubhekana nenkinga yemvula ene-asidi kudinga indlela ebanzi ehlanganisa izinyathelo ezingeni lasekhaya, likazwelonke kanye namazwe ngamazwe. Amasu ayisisekelo asungulwe kumaphrothokholi emvelo azoba:
- Ukunciphisa i-Emission: sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile ezimbonini nasezimbonini zamandla ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwe-sulphur dioxide nama-nitrogen oxides. Ukukhuthazwa kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo (amandla aluhlaza) nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile kulokhu.
- Ukulawula ukukhishwa kwezinto zokuhamba: ukusungula imithethonqubo yokulawula evimbela ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto ezingcolile futhi ikhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto zikagesi kanye nezinye izindlela zokuthutha ezizinzile.
- Ukuvundisa komhlabathi: Ezindaweni ezithintwe ukugcwala kwe-asidi yomhlabathi, izinyathelo zokulungisa zingasetshenziswa ukuze kuncishiswe ubumuncu futhi kubuyiselwe impilo yomhlabathi. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwamanzi ngezinsimbi ezisindayo.
- Ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe: Imvula ene-asidi ayinamingcele, ngakho ukubambisana phakathi kwamazwe kubalulekile. Ukusungula izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezivumelwano zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi emhlabeni wonke kubalulekile ukuze kubhekwane nale nkinga ngempumelelo.
Ukuze uthole umhlaba ozinzile
Imvula ene-asidi imele inselele enkulu yendawo ezungezile ethinta kakhulu imvelo yemvelo kanye nempilo yabantu.
Umphakathi wanamuhla ugxile embonini kawoyela njengomthombo oyinhloko wamandla. Uma nje sincike kulawa mafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, izimboni zizoqhubeka zikhipha izandulela eziyingozi zemvula eneasidi elimaza izimiso zemvelo kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo eziqinile ezinciphisa ngempela futhi ngempumelelo lokhu kukhishelwa, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe imithelela emibi kakhulu.
Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aluhlaza okwamanje kukhuthazwa futhi kunemikhankaso yokuqwashisa umphakathi, kusenendlela ende okufanele sihambe ngayo kule ndlela ebheke emhlabeni osimeme. Njengamanje, ucwaningo lwesayensi lusaqhubeka nokusebenza ekuthuthukiseni ezinye izinhlobo zamandla, ngezinqubomgomo ezifanele zokusetshenziswa, zibe ngokoqobo.
Ngethemba ukuthi maduze sizokwazi ukusho ukuthi sivikelekile emvuleni ene-asidi: inselele yemvelo edinga isinyathelo esiphuthumayo.
