Izimbali nomculo kwenza umbhangqwana oqinile ngokumangazayo: lapho kuhlangana, kuyakha indaba eyenziwe ngezimpawuimizwa kanye nezinkomba zamasiko okudlulela ngale kokuhlobisa. Kuwo wonke amakhulu eminyaka, abaculi, izimbongi, abaculi, ngisho nabacabangi abangaqondakali baye basebenzisa amacembe, imibala, imigqi, kanye nokuvumelana njengolimi olunekhodi olukhuluma ngothando, ukufa, ingokomoya, amandla, noma isifiso.
Ukuhlola lobo buhlobo kufana nokubuka indawo yonke lapho i-rose ingeyona nje i-rose, uphawu lwesikhathi esingu-3/4 aluyona nje indlela yokulinganisa, futhi umdwebo wezimbali emdwebeni awuyona nje imihlobiso. Kuzo zonke lezi zimo, sihlangana nazo. izincazelo ezifihliwe, amakhodi emizwa, kanye nokufundwa okungokomfanekiso ezidinga umbukeli (noma umlaleli) ukuba aqaphele futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, abuke ngendlela ehambisana nesimo.
Izimbali njengolimi olubonakalayo: okungaphezu nje kokuhlobisa okuhle
Emlandweni wobuciko, izimbali zivame ukuba kude kakhulu nezakhi ezingathathi hlangothi: zisebenza njenge ulimi olubonakalayo olungokoqobo, olwakhelwe ekuphindaphindeni kwamasikoNgokubonakala njalo emidwebweni, emidwebweni eqoshiwe, emakhava ama-albhamu, nakumavidiyo omculo, izinhlobo ezithile sezigcwele izincazelo ezifanayo. Umbukeli akasaboni nje isimo sezitshalo, kodwa uphawu olunekhodi.
Lokhu kubhala kuguqula izimbali zibe uhlelo lwezimpawu olufana nolimi. I-daisy, i-lily, noma i-bouquet ebunile ingafundwa njengevesi noma i-chord engafani. Ngale ndlela, Izithombe zezimbali azibe nje ukuhlobisa futhi ziba yithuluzi lokulandisa. okwaziyo ukufinyeza imibono eyinkimbinkimbi ibe isithombe esisheshayo.
Emisebenzini eminingi, izimbali zisebenza njengebhuloho phakathi kwalokho okubonwayo nalokho okusikiselwayo. Ukuba khona kwazo kudala izingqimba zokuhumusha: ngakolunye uhlangothi, isimo semvelo siyaqashelwa; ngakolunye uhlangothi, isisindo saso esingokomfanekiso siyachazwa. Le mvelo ekabili—engokwemvelo nengokomfanekiso—ivumela imbali, noma ngabe incane ngobukhulu, kunezincazelo ezinkulu ngesimo, umlingiswa, noma imizwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu limi alusekelwe etsheni. Nakuba kukhona ukuhlobana okubanzi, njenge-rose nothando noma i-lily nobumsulwa, Izimbali zihlala ziguquguqukayo kakhuluZishintsha incazelo kuye ngomongo wamasiko, isikhathi somlando, noma ngisho nenhloso ethile yombhali.
Izimpande zomlando zezimpawu zezimbali
Uphawu lwezimbali luvela emasikweni asendulo kakhulu. Imiphakathi eyahlukene inikeze izitshalo izincazelo ngokusekelwe ku- izinganekwane, izinkolo, imijikelezo yemvelo, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwansuku zonkeLeso sizinda somlando siyaqhubeka sithonya indlela esibona ngayo isixha sezimbali, umdwebo, noma ukuhlelwa kwezimbali endaweni ethile.
Ngokwesibonelo, emidwebweni yaseYurophu kusukela ngekhulu le-17 kuya kwele-19, izinto eziphilayo ezisamile zezimbali zazingezona nje izibonakaliso zobungcweti bobuchwepheshe. Ivazi eligcwele lingabonisa ukuchichima kanye nesikhundla, kanti imbali ebunile yayibhekisela ebumpofwini. ukufa, ukudlula kwesikhathi, kanye nokuphela kwesikhathi kwezinjabuloEzimweni zenkolo, izinhlobo ezithile zazibonakala zihlobene nosanta, izintombi, noma iziqephu zeBhayibheli, ngaleyo ndlela ziphawula ubuntu bazo obungcwele.
Kweminye imikhuba yobuciko, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kweYurophu, izimbali zihlotshaniswa kakhulu imijikelezo yokomoya, amandla emvelo, noma imiqondo yefilosofiZingafanekisela ukuvuselelwa, ukukhanyiselwa, ukuzalwa kabusha ngemva kokufa, noma ukuzwana nendawo ezungezile. Ngakho-ke, uhlobo olufanayo lungaba nencazelo yokulila kwelinye izwe kanye nokugubha kwelinye.
Lesi sizinda somlando sidale uhlu lwezincazelo ezigcwele konke namuhla: kusukela emidwebweni yezimpawu eziphezulu zekhulu le-19 kuya kuvidiyo yomculo yomculi we-pop wanamuhla. Uma umdali ekhetha imbali ethile, hhayi enye, udweba ku amakhulu eminyaka obudlelwano obuqoqwe umphakathi, ngamabomu noma ngokungazi, obuqaphelayo.
I-Floriography kanye namakhodi emizwa: lapho izimbali zikhuluma
Ekhulwini le-19, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-floriography, noma ulimi lwezimbali, uhlobo lwekhodi yemizwa esetshenziswa kabanzi ezincwadini nasezihlotsheni zezimbali "ezikhulunywayo".
Ngakho-ke, i-rose ingabhekisela othandweni oluvuthayo, kodwa i-rose emhlophe ingabhekisela ebumsulwa noma othandweni olumsulwa; imbali ivuselelwa ubumsulwa kanye nobungokomoyaImbali ebunile yayiveza usizi, usizi, noma ukuqaphela ukuthi impilo idlula ngokushesha. Lawa makhodi avumela abantu ukuthi baveze ukuthi yiziphi izindinganiso zomphakathi ezenza kube nzima ukuzisho ngokuzwakalayo.
Leso simiso asizange silungiswe ngokuphelele, kodwa sasungula uhlaka oluhlanganyelwe lokuhumusha. Lapho ebuka izimbali ezithile emdwebweni, emfanekisweni, noma ngisho nasekhaveni ye-albhamu, umbukeli uchaza isithombe ngokusebenzisa amakhodi emizwa ekhona ngaphambiliImbali iba yindlela emfushane yokuhlanganisa izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Namuhla, yize singasathumeli "izincwadi zezimbali" njengasekhulwini le-19, umqondo we-floriography usaphila. Abaculi abaningi besimanje, kokubili ababukwayo nabamculo, basebenzisa leli siko ukulayisha imisebenzi yabo ngemibhalo engezansi ngaphandle kokudinga ukuyichaza ngokucacile kumagama noma isihloko.
Umbala wezimbali njengomphathi wencazelo
Ngaphandle kohlobo lwembali, umbala uyisihluthulelo sokuchazwa okungokomfanekiso. Uhlobo olufanayo lungashintsha kakhulu incazelo yalo ngokushintshashintsha komthunzi. Imbali ebomvu ivame ukuphakamisa amandla, isifiso, amandla okuphilainguqulo ephaphathekile noma efiphele iletha izici ezihlukile zobuthakathaka, ibanga elingokomzwelo, noma ukubola.
Ebucikweni bezimpawu kanye nasezinyathelweni eziningi ezalandela, umbala awuzange ube yinto yobuhle nje futhi waba indlela yokuqukethwe okungokomoya noma kwengqondoIsibonelo, i-Theosophy yathi imibala inokudlidliza okungokomoya okukwazi ukuvusa izimo ezithile zangaphakathi, into eyathonya kokubili ukudweba nomculo kanye nobudlelwano bazo bokusebenzisana nombala.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukwakheka kwezimbali kungafundwa cishe njenge-chromatic score: inhlanganisela yemibala ebomvu, emhlophe, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma ephuzi yakha uhlobo "lwe-chord yemizwa" umbukeli ayibona ngisho engazi. Emidwebweni eminingi ye-Symbolist, imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka evelele ikhomba ku imihlaba yokomoya, ukudlula, noma izimo zokuzindla kwangaphakathi.
Ngokufanayo, ezikhaveni zama-albhamu zanamuhla noma kumavidiyo omculo, umqhele wezimbali onemisindo ethule ungasho ukudabuka, kuyilapho ukuqhuma kwemibala egcwele kuveza amandla, ukuvukela, noma ukugujwa. Umbala, ekugcineni, ilungisa umyalezo osuvele udluliselwe yizinhlobo zezimbali ezikhethiwe —njengoba kunjalo emasikweni agxile ekuthengisweni nasekugujweni kwama-rose emikhosini efana ISant Jordi.
Ifomu, isakhiwo kanye nokwakheka ekumemezelweni kwezimbali
Akuyona nje uhlobo lwembali nombala wayo okubalulekile, kodwa futhi nendlela eboniswa ngayo. Izinhlobo ezivulekile, ezilinganayo, nezikhanyayo zivame ukuhlotshaniswa ibhalansi, ukucaca, ukuvezwa kwemizwaNgokuphambene nalokho, izimbali ezivaliwe, eziqhekekile, noma ezifihliwe kancane ziletha ukungezwani, imfihlakalo, noma ukucasha.
Ekudwebeni nasekuklameni, ukwakheka nakho kuyingxenye yekhodi. I-bouquet ephakathi, ehlelekile ingaqinisa umqondo wokuhleleka, ukuzinza, noma amandla. Ukuhlelwa okuhlakazekile, okucishe kube yisiphithiphithi kusikisela ukuvutha, ukuntuleka kokulawula, noma ukuchichima okukhuluIzimbali eziwa esitsheni noma ezibonakala sezibunile ziqinisa isihloko sama-vanitas: konke kuyadlula, akukho okuhlala isikhathi eside.
Ukwakheka kwembali—amacembe ayo, ama-stamens, ameva—kungasetshenziswa ngokomfanekiso. I-rose enameva abonakalayo iqinisa umqondo wokuthi uthando olubuhlungu, ubuhle obuyingozi, noma umhlatsheloImbali enemibala egqamile ikhomba ukuvumelana okuhle, cishe okungokwezibalo, phakathi kwemvelo nomoya.
Kubuciko be-Symbolist, lokhu kukhathalela isakhiwo kuhlanganiswa nesithakazelo ezintweni ezingokomoya nezengqondo: isimo esibonakalayo siba yindlela yeqiniso elingabonakali. Lokho esikubonayo embalini, empeleni, kuwukubonakaliswa kwesimo sangaphakathi somdwebi noma umuntu ovezwe, njengoba nje Umqondo womculo ungaveza umuzwa ngaphandle kwesidingo samazwi..
Izimpawu zezimbali kanye nomehluko wamasiko
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi uphawu lwezimbali alufani nolwabantu bonke. Izincazelo ziyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nakuzo zonke izizinda, okwenza kube nzima ukuziqinisekisa ngokuphelele. ukufundwa okukodwa okuvumelekile kuzo zonke izithombeImbali esetshenziselwa ukugubha endaweni eyodwa ingaba nezincazelo zomngcwabo kwenye indawo.
Lokhu kuhlukahluka kwenza kube kubalulekile ukucabangela umongo. Izilaleli kufanele zizibuze: Lo msebenzi wadalwa ngasiphi isikhathi? Uvela kusiphi isiko lamasiko? Iyiphi inkolo noma izinganekwane ezithonya lowo mphakathi? Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho umuntu angaqonda khona ngokunembile ukuthi kungani izimbali ezithile zihambisana nomlingiswa, indawo yomshado, noma umzuzu wokufa nokuphenduka.
Isibonelo, ezinye izimbali ezihlotshaniswa nomshado eYurophu ngekhulu le-19 zihlotshaniswa no- ubumsulwa, isithembiso sekusasa, kanye nokuqhubeka komndeniKodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezifanayo zingafanekisela ukulila noma ukuvalelisa emikhosini kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Lokhu kuhlangana kwezincazelo ezihambisanayo kuthuthukisa incazelo yanoma yimuphi umsebenzi lapho kuvela khona izakhi zezimbali.
Kunokuba yinkinga, lokhu kwehluka kwamasiko kwenza uphawu lwezimbali lube ithuluzi elinamandla kakhulu: kuvumela abaculi ukuzibandakanya namasiko endawo, ukuwabuza imibuzo, noma ukuwahlanganisa namakhodi esimanje, njengoba kunjalo emculweni odumile wamanje.
Izimbali njengebhuloho phakathi kwemvelo nencazelo
Ezobuciko, izimbali zisebenza njengebhuloho eliphelele phakathi kweqiniso elingokoqobo kanye nokuchazwa okungokomfanekiso. Zigcina ubunjalo bazo bezinto eziphilayo—siyazi izimo zazo kanye nokuthungwa kwazo—ngenkathi zisekela inkulumo enezingqimba eziningi. Lokhu kubili kwenza Ukuba khona kwayo kuhlala kushesha futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokomqondo.
Umbukeli uqaphela ngokushesha uhlobo, kodwa ingqondo yakhe iqala ukusebenza: bakhumbula amasiko, ukufundwa, izingoma, okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu okuhlobene naleyo mbali. Ngakho-ke, isithombe esibonakala silula se-bouquet sivela njengomlandeli wezincazelo. Emisebenzini eminingi, izimbali, ngokoqobo, isihluthulelo esisivumela ukuthi sifinyelele ubukhulu bemizwa noma obungokomoya kwesethi.
Le ndima yokuhlanganisa iyaqina lapho izimbali zihlangana nolunye ulimi olunamandla olungokomfanekiso: umculo. Nomaphi lapho zivela khona ndawonye, indaba iyaphindaphindeka.
Izimbali namasiko: amasiko, imikhosi kanye nenkumbulo ehlangene
Empilweni yansuku zonke kanye nasemikhosini emikhulu yomphakathi, izimbali zikhona yonke indawo. Akukhona nje ukuthi "zibukeka zinhle": zidlala indima ebalulekile njenge izimoto zemizwa, inkumbulo, kanye nokuba yingxenye yamasikoSekungamakhulu eminyaka behamba nabantu ngezikhathi ezibalulekile zokuphila kwabo.
Imbali ngayinye ivame ukuba nendaba ehlotshaniswa nayo. Imbali ebomvu, isibonelo, isibe uphawu olucishe lube yindawo yonke lwe- uthando kanye nentshisekeloImbali emhlophe imelela ubumsulwa, ingokomoya, noma ngisho nokuba khona kukaNkulunkulu kwezinye izimo zobuKristu. Lokhu kuhlangana kuye kwangena olimini nasezincwadini zansuku zonke, kwaveza izinkulumo ezinjengokuthi "ukukhuluma nezimbali" noma "izimbali zethemba."
Ngesikhathi semikhosi nemikhosi, izimbali cishe ziyimpoqo. Imiqhele ekhanda, imiqhele yezimbali, ama-altare ahlotshisiwe, amacembe ahlakazekile njengoba udwendwe ludlula… Konke lokhu kudala isimo sengqondo lapho Umbala kanye nephunga kugcizelela uhlamvu olukhethekile lwaleso sikhathikungaba umshado, umkhosi wenkolo, noma isikhumbuzo somphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, eSpain, kuvamile umnikelo wembali njengesenzo sokuzinikela kanye nokukhumbula.
Zihlobene kakhulu nokulila nokukhumbula. Emicikilishweni yomngcwabo emazweni amaningi, ukuletha izimbali ethuneni noma ukuzibeka esikhumbuzweni sekuyinto ephawulekayo yesenzo inhlonipho, inkumbulo, kanye nesibopho esihlala njalo ngisho nangemva kokufaNgakho-ke, izimbali zihlanganyela kokubili enjabulweni kanye nasekudabukeni kweqembu.
Izimbali kwezobuciko: kusukela ekuphileni okusaphila kwakudala kuya ekufanekiseni
Ebuciko obubonakalayo, izimbali zibe umthombo ongapheli wokuphefumulelwa. Kusukela ekuphileni okunganyakazi okucophelelayo kwamakhosi aseDashi kuya ekuqhumeni kukaVan Gogh okune-chromatic, abaculi basebenzise imidwebo yezimbali ukuze ukuze uthwebule ubuhle besikhashana futhi uhlole amandla abo angokomfanekiso.
Ezincwadini, ukuba khona kwezimbali kunamandla ngokulinganayo. Izimbongi ezifana noShakespeare, uShelley, noNeruda zisebenzise izimbali njengezingathekiso ukukhuluma ngezindikimba zomhlaba wonke: uthando oluqhakazayo, ukufa okuvunayo, imvelo ezalwa kabusha njalo entwasahlobo. Ngale ndlela, isitshalo siba ithuluzi lokucabanga nokuzwa izici ezijulile zesimo somuntu —into egujwa minyaka yonke ezinhlelweni ezifana Usuku lwezinkondlo zomhlaba wonke.
Ebuciko bokuhlobisa kanye nokwakha, imidwebo yezimbali ishiye uphawu lwayo kuma-tapestries, amakhaphethi, izihloko zamakholomu, kanye nama-friezes okuhlobisa. Ngokuvamile, le miklamo ayigcini nje ngokuhlobisa: ifaka izimpawu zokuzala, ukuvikelwa, noma ukuvumelana nendawo yonke. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ukunyakaza okufana ne-Art Nouveau kwaletha lokhu kunambitheka kwezinto eziphilayo ku ulimi olubonakalayo olugcwele izincazelo ezingokomfanekiso.
Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlaka, inhlangano yezimpawu zekhulu le-19 inendawo ekhethekile, ngoba yenza uphawu—kuhlanganise nezimbali—lwaba ithuluzi eliyinhloko lokuveza izimo zangaphakathi, imibono yamaphupho, kanye nezimfuno ezingokomoya.
Kwakuyini uphawu: ubuciko obuphikisana nokuba ngokoqobo okubandayo
Ukufanekisa kwavela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19, ikakhulukazi eFrance, njengendlela yokusabela ngokumelene nezinhlangano ezazisekela ukumelwa okuthembekile komhlaba obonakalayo: ubuqiniso, ubunjalo bemvelo, kanye nokucabanga. Abasekeli bayo babekholelwa ukuthi Ubuciko babulahlekelwe ukujula ngokumane nje ukopishe iqiniso lemizwa.
Ngo-1886, umbhali uJean Moréas washicilela i-manifesto edumile lapho achaza khona lesi sitayela esisha “njengesitha sokufundisa, ukumemezela, imizwa engamanga, kanye nencazelo eqondile.” Ebhekene nomphakathi wezimboni othuthuka ngokungapheli, i-Symbolism yaphakamisa ubuciko bemfihlakalo, bamaphupho, bokusikisela, indlalifa, ngokwengxenye, esimweni esimnyama sencwadi kaBaudelaire ethi "The Flowers of Evil".
Abaculi be-Symbolist, bekhathele ukuba ngokoqobo ngokweqile, bafuna ukuphunyuka baye endaweni efana nephupho, enombono, kanye nengokomoya. Bathola ugqozi ebuhlotsheni bothando bukaWilliam Blake, amaNazaretha, amaPre-Raphaelites, kanye nezimo zokuqonda ezishintshile. Yingakho kunzima kangaka ukubahlukanisa ngezigaba. isitayela esisodwa esisemthethweni esivaliweNgamunye wahamba ngendlela yakhe, kodwa babenesimo sengqondo esithile.
Lokho abaningi babo ababefana ngakho kwakuwukwenqaba ubunjalo bemvelo kanye nokuzibophezela ebucikweni obungokomoya cishe njalo, lapho imicabango kanye nokuzikhethela kwakunesisindo esikhulu kunombono wesayensi wezinye izinhlangano zanamuhla. Ithuluzi labo eliyinhloko kwakuwuphawu, olukwaziyo ukunikeza isimo esibonakalayo emizweni, emizweni, kanye nemibono eseduze.
Izimiso zophawu: umbala, isimo, kanye nomhlaba wangaphakathi
Ezobuciko obubonakalayo, izimpawu zaziphumela emisebenzini eyayidlulisela imibono eminingi kanye nezimo zangaphakathi kunezigcawu ezingokoqobo. Abadwebi abaningi bezimpawu babekhetha amabala amakhulu ombala ongashintshiwe kanye nezimo eziyisicaba, ihluke kakhulu emininingwaneni yezemfundo evamile.
Kubo, impilo yangaphakathi yayibaluleke kakhulu kuneqiniso langaphandle. Izingoma ezingokomfanekiso zivame ukuhlanganiswa kwesimo nomuzwa, lapho indawo ebonakalayo isebenza njengesifaniso sezingxabano zengqondo, izifiso ezicindezelwe, imibono engokomoya, noma amaphupho omuntu siqu. Ithonya lokuqala lokuhlaziywa kwengqondo alilona iphutha: laba baculi babefuna ukwembula okungazi lutho, okungabonakali, okucindezelwe.
Isithakazelo esingokomoya esihlobene nemisinga eyimfihlakalo, ye-theosophical, neye-esoteric. Kwakukhona ukuthakaselwa yimimoya, ebuhlungu nephambene, kanye nokumelwa kwemiphefumulo ehlushwayo, imizimba engacacile, imibono yembubhiso, kanye namapharadesi okwenziwa. Konke lokhu kwakuwukuhlukana okukhulu nezigcawu zansuku zonke ezazithathe kakhulu ubuqiniso.
Isifanekiso sowesifazane sadlala indima ebalulekile. Imisebenzi eminingi engokomfanekiso iveza abesifazane njengabesifazane. i-femme fatale, intombi eyimfihlakalo, noma isibalo esingalingani, ebhekene nobulili kanye nengozi, noma ngobumsulwa obungaguquki nobukude. Imizwa, isimo, kanye nezimpawu kubusa ngaphezu kokulandisa okuqondile.
I-Theosophy, i-mysticism kanye nendlela eya ekucabangeni
Esinye sezici ezithakazelisayo kakhulu zezimpawu yithonya lazo ekuveleni kobuqambi besimanje. Ngokushiya umbono wokuthi ubuciko kufanele bukhiqize umhlaba njengoba ubonwa yizinzwa, abaqambi bezimpawu bavula umnyango imisebenzi eveza imibono emsulwa, izimo zokuqaphela, noma izakhiwo ezingokomoya ngaphandle kwesidingo sezibalo ezibonakalayo.
Isibonelo, i-Theosophy yaphakamisa umbono wendawo yonke lapho imibala, izimo, kanye nezilinganiso zinezakhiwo ezingokomoya ezikwazi ukuvuselela amandla afihliwe. Ngokwale mibono, umbala unawo ukudlidliza okungavusa ingokomoya langaphakathi lomuntu ocabanga ngomsebenziLo mbono wathakazelisa abaculi abaningi bangaleso sikhathi.
Izibalo ezibalulekile zifaka phakathi uWassily Kandinsky noFrantišek Kupka, izibalo ezishintshayo phakathi kophawu kanye nokucashunwa. Bobabili bathuthukise ulimi olunemifanekiso lapho umbala kanye nesimo kuyeka ukuba yizincazelo zomhlaba wangaphandle futhi kuba okulingana okubonakalayo komculo, imizwa, noma izimo eziyimfihlakaloKweminye yemisebenzi yakhe, imidwebo ebonakalayo isabonakala—njengowesifazane eqoqa izimbali—kodwa iyawohloka kancane kancane ibe yinto engabonakali.
Ngakho-ke, uphawu kwakungeyona nje into efiselekayo yobuhle bekhulu le-19, kodwa kwakuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sobuciko obungasadingeki ukumela izinto eziqondile, kodwa obungakhuluma, ngokuqondile, ulimi lomoya ngokusebenzisa imibala nezakhiwo ezisemthethweni.
Imisebenzi ebalulekile kanye nabaculi bezimpawu
Ukufanekisa kwakuyinto eyinkimbinkimbi yamazwe ngamazwe, ikakhulukazi enamandla eFrance, eBelgium naseGreat Britain, yize kunemiphumela kwezinye izindawo eziningi. Phakathi kwamagama avelele kakhulu esingawasho Gustave Moreau, Odilon Redon, Paul Gauguin, Jean Delville, Fernand Khnopff, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Burne-Jones noGeorge Frederic Watts, phakathi kwabanye.
Ngokwesibonelo, encwadini yakhe ephawulekayo ethi "The God-Man" (1900), uJean Delville uqhathanisa ukugqilazwa kwenyama nombono wemiphefumulo ekhuphukela kokwaphezulu, enokugqama okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka njengophawu lokomoya. Umfanekiso kaKristu uphakama ngaphezu kwemizimba elwela ukuhlangana nengcwele, ebhala isigcawu esinezimfihlakalo kanye nesifiso sokuphila okungaphezu kwemvelo.
UGustave Moreau, yena, wadala imisebenzi efana nethi “Jupiter and Semele” kanye nethi “Orpheus” lapho izinganekwane zakudala zigcwele khona imibhalo engezansi ngokufa, isifiso, kanye novuko. Kuthi “Jupiter and Semele,” isithandwa esifayo sidliwa ukukhanya kukaNkulunkulu, okufanekisela ukuhlangana phakathi komuntu noNkulunkulu, uthando oluthathwe lwaze lwafika ezingeni lokubhujiswaKu-"Orpheus", ikhanda lembongi lihlala phezu kwehabhu lakhe ezandleni zowesifazane osemusha, esimweni sokuhlwa nesinjengephupho, lapho umculo nokufa kuhlangana khona.
U-Odilon Redon, ngemisebenzi efana nethi "The Weeping Spider," wahlola izidalwa ezingavamile nezimo ezimbi ukuze anikeze isimo amademoni akhe angaphakathi. Yena ngokwakhe wathi ufuna "ukubeka okubonakalayo enkonzweni yokungabonakali," efinyeza ukwesaba, amaphupho kanye nokucabanga ngokweqile ngezibalo eziphazamisayo.
Kwezinye izindawo, njengeziQhingi zaseCanary, abaculi abanjengoNéstor Martín Fernández bathuthukisa uhlobo lwabo lwezimpawu, njengaku-"Poem of the Sea" (1924), lapho imizimba yobusha neyokuqala ihlangana nolwandle oluphathwe ngokucebile okukhulu kwe-chromatic, phakathi kweqiniso nenganekwane, okudala izinkondlo ezibonakalayo zomuntu siqu.
Umculo, izimpawu kanye nothando: inkulumo kaBach yomculo
Ukubonakalisa izimpawu kwakungagcini nje ngokudweba noma izincwadi. Esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba kuxoxwe ngokubonisa izimpawu njengokunyakaza kobuciko, ababhali bezingoma zeBaroque njengoJohann Sebastian Bach babekusebenzisa. abadlali bomculo abagcwele incazelo engokomzwelo nengokomoyaUmculo wakhe ugcwele amaqhinga obuciko angafundwa cishe njengolimi olungokomfanekiso oluhambisana nombhalo.
Phakathi kwalezi zibalo kukhona okuthiwa unyawo lwe-dactylic (tan, ta-ta-tan, ta-ta-tan), okuyinto emisebenzini ethile kaBach ehlotshaniswa nenjabulo, njengakuBrandenburg Concerto No. 3. Amanye amafomula, njenge-passus duriusculus, asebenza njenge izizathu zosizi noma ubuhlungu obukhuluikakhulukazi ezindimeni eziphathelene nosizi lukaKristu.
I-Hypotyposis—ukubonakaliswa komculo okucacile kwesenzo—isetshenziselwa ukuphakamisa izinyathelo ezinzima noma ukuhlupheka ngokomzimba, isibonelo “ekuCrucifixus” yeMisa ku-B minor noma ekusungulweni kwezwi ezintathu ku-F minor, lapho kuvela khona isithombe se-suspiratio, esihlotshaniswa nokububula noma ukuphelelwa yithemba. UBach udlala njalo nge ukuphikisana okuzwakalayo phakathi kwenjabulo nokuthula, intukuthelo nobubele, ukugcizelela okuqukethwe umbhalo.
KuSt. Matthew Passion, indawo yokukhashelwa kukaPetru ivame ukuchazwa njengenye yamapiyano athinta inhliziyo kakhulu—ukukhala—emlandweni womculo, okwaqhubeka kamuva ku-aria ethi "Erbarme dich," lapho i-violin nezwi kuvusa khona isililo sohlangothi lukaPeter olusengozini kakhulu. Ukuphendula, amakhorasi athukuthele amemeza iziqalekiso njengekhorasi yamaGreki, umhlaba uthuthumela ngaphansi kwezisekelo zawo, okwenza kube umehluko omkhulu wothando lomculo.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, isiginesha sesikhathi esingu-3/4, esivame ukusihlanganisa ne-waltz, sivame ukuhlotshaniswa ku-Bach nenjabulo ephakeme, njengaku-"Jesus, Joy of Mankind" (Jesus bleibet meine Freude) evela ku-Cantata 147, lapho ukunyakaza okungapheli kwamanothi kufanekisela khona ubuphakade baleyo njabulo engokomoyaKonke lokhu kubonisa ukuthi, njengezimbali emdwebweni, abantu bomculo bangasebenza njengezimpawu eziqondile zemizwa kanye nemibono yenkolo.
Izimbali, izimpawu nomculo emasikweni athandwayo: indawo yonke kaLana Del Rey
Emculweni wanamuhla, mhlawumbe bambalwa abaculi abasebenzise izimpawu zezimbali njengoLana Del Rey. Kusukela ku-EP yakhe ethi “Paradise” enemibala egqamile kuya kuma-rose avulekile emdwebweni we-“Norman F***ing Rockwell!”, ama-albhamu akhe agcwele imidwebo yezimbali ekhethwe ngokucophelela ukuze iqinise ukulandisa kwezingoma zakhe.
Indawo yonke kaLana ihlanganisa izithombe zakudala, ukudabuka, izinkomba zesiko laseMelika, kanye nobuhle obucacile be-cinema. Kuyo yonke indawo, izimbali zivela ngokuphindaphindiwe: ezingomeni zezimbali, emazwini akhuluma ngama-rose nama-daisies, ezifanekisweni zothando olulimele, ubumsulwa obulahlekile, noma ukuqala okusha. Akukho kulokhu okwenzeka ngengozi.
I-rose mhlawumbe iwuphawu lwezimbali oluphindaphindwayo kakhulu emsebenzini wakhe. Ngokwesiko ihlotshaniswa ne- uthando nobuhleEzweni likaLana Del Rey, irozi ligcwele namasiko ahlukile. ERoma lasendulo, irozi lalifanekisela imfihlo kanye nobumfihlo—yingakho igama elithi “sub rosa”—okuyinto efaneleka kakhulu kumdwebi ohlakulela isithombe semfihlakalo. Ezithombeni zobuKristu, irozi lingamelela uthando lukamama kanye nomhlatshelo, okuhlobene neNcasakazi uMariya.
Ngokuvusa zonke lezi zimpawu, ama-rose kaLana awawona nje umhlobiso wothando. Asebenza njenge izimpawu eziyinkimbinkimbi ezishintshashintsha phakathi kobufazi obufanele, umhlatshelo, inkanuko, kanye nemfihloNgokuvela kuma-albhamu angaphandle, amavidiyo omculo kanye namagama, basebenza njengentambo efanayo yomuntu wobuciko obhekene nobuthakathaka kanye nezithombe ezidumile.
Enye imbali evame ukuvela emsebenzini wakhe yi-daisy, evela, isibonelo, engomeni ethi “Video Games.” Emasikweni amaningi, i-daisy ifanekisela ubumsulwa, ubumsulwa, kanye nesiqalo esishaNgokomongo kaLana, leyo mbali eyimfihlo ixoxa ngesithombe sowesifazane ozilungiselelayo, akhumule izingubo, aphume aye enkabeni yedolobha aziqhole, ebanjwe phakathi kokungabi nalwazi nokuzinikela ngokomzwelo.
Isimo esithobekile se-daisy, esingenabo ubuhle be-rose, siqinisa leyo nhlanganisela yokuphila kwansuku zonke kanye nothando oludabukisayo oluvela ezingomeni zakhe eziningi. Kungahunyushwa njengophawu lohambo lomculi ngokwakhe: kusukela ekungacacini nasekungaziwani kuye ekubeni isilinganiso somhlaba wonke, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi sigcina isimo sobuthakathaka.
Ku-“Lust for Life” sithola okunye ukubhekisela okubalulekile kwezimbali: ukukhulunywa ngezimbali eziwolintshi, ezihlotshaniswa kakhulu nomakoti bekhulu le-19. Lokhu kuhlobisa komshado kukhumbuza Uthando lwakudala, ubumsulwa kanye nesithembiso sobunyeNgokuziletha esimweni sesimanje, uLana Del Rey udlala ngokukhumbula isikhathi esifiswayo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, eqaphela ukuthi lawo maphupho othando agcwele izithunzi.
Izimbali, endaweni yazo ebonakalayo neyokuzwa, zingamathuluzi asemkhathini: zisiza ekwakheni umuzwa wokudabuka okukhazimulayo, wobuhle oseduze nokushabalala, wepharadesi lokwenziwa kanye nenkumbulo ebuhlungu. Ukuhlola le mininingwane engokomfanekiso kwenza Ukulalela ama-albhamu abo kuyinto ecebile kakhulu kunalokho okubonakala ekuqaleni.
Izimbali, izimpawu kanye nemizwa: intambo efanayo phakathi kobuciko
Uma sihlanganisa zonke izingcezu ndawonye—ulimi olubonakalayo lwezimbali kwezobuciko, i-floriography yekhulu le-19, izimpawu zezithombe, inkulumo-ze yomculo kaBach, kanye nemifanekiso yezimbali emculweni we-pop—sibona iphethini ecacile: Abantu bebelokhu besebenzisa izimpawu zemizwa amakhulu eminyaka ukusho lokho okungenakuvezwa enkulumweni eqondile..
Izimbali, ngomjikelezo wazo wokuphila osheshayo kanye nobuhle obukhulu kodwa obudlula ngokushesha, zivumelana kahle kakhulu nokukhuluma ngothando, ukufa, isifiso, ukuzalwa kabusha, ubumsulwa, noma ukonakala. Umculo, onamandla okulawula isikhathi, isigqi, kanye nokuqina, uba yisithasiselo esifanele sokuqinisa lezi zindikimba ngaphandle kokudinga ukuzichaza. Lapho lezi zilimi ezimbili zihlangana, umphumela uba indaba enamandla kakhulu engokomfanekiso, ekwazi ukusivuselela ezingeni lemizwa, lamasiko kanye nelingokomoya ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ukuqonda uphawu olungemuva kwerosi kumdwebo, umdwebo wezimbali esembozweni se-albhamu, noma umfanekiso onesigqi oveza isililo ku-cantata kusenza sikwazi ukujabulela imisebenzi kakhulu. Futhi, ngeshwa, kusikhumbuza ukuthi, ngaphansi kwansuku zonke, siyaqhubeka nokuhamba ezweni eligcwele izimpawu, izingathekiso, nezimpawu ezixhumanisa okubonakalayo nokungabonakali, okomuntu siqu nokuqoqekile, kanye nokwesikhashana nalokho, yize kushintsha isimo, kubonakala sengathi ufuna ukuhlala.
