Okutholakele mayelana indawo yomhlaba emthaleni futhi endaweni yonke kuye kwachazwa kabanzi ngenxa yophenyo lweminyaka engaba ngu-400 olwenziwa kusetshenziswa isibonakude futhi luye lwapheleliswa ngokwengxenye ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule.
Esikhathini esidlule kwakucatshangwa ukuthi Umhlaba kwakuwukugxila kwendawo yonke, okwakukholelwa ukuthi kwenziwa izinkanyezi kuphela ezibonakala ngeso lenyama nangohlaka lwezinkanyezi ezinembayo.
Khona-ke, kusukela ekuvunyweni kwe-heliocentrism ekhulwini le-XNUMX, uphenyo lwezazi zezinkanyezi ezehlukene lwembula ukuthi iLanga latholakala phakathi nendawo enkulu. i-galaxy ngokumelwa kwediski nezinye izinkanyezi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ekhulwini lama-XNUMX, umbono ka-Edwin Hubble wemithala ezungezayo wathola ukuthi i-Milky Way ingenye yezinkulungwane zezigidi endaweni enwebekayo, ehlangene endaweni ezungezile. amafu e-cumulus kanye ne-super cumulus.
Ngemva kwalokho, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-1.000, ukuhlelwa okuvamile kwendawo yonke ebonakalayo kwakuya kucaca, njengoba amaqoqo amaningi amakhulu akha inethiwekhi ebanzi yemicu nezikhala.Ngokunjalo, amaqoqo amakhulu, imicu kanye nama-voids yizingoma ezinkulu kakhulu ezifanayo endaweni yonke esingazibheka. Ngokwephimbo lalokhu okungenhla, ngezikali ezinkulu nakakhulu (ngaphezu kwama-megaparsec angu-XNUMX) i-Cosmos iyafana, ngamanye amazwi, lokho zonke izingxenye zayo, ngokwesilinganiso, zinokuhlangana okufanayo, ukwakheka kanye nokwakheka.
Njengoba kunenkolelo yokuthi i-cosmos ayinayo indawo ephakathi nemingcele, akukho ndawo eqondile yokubhekwa okungadwetshwa ngayo indawo yomhlaba emthaleni. Kungahlotshaniswa nendawo ye- Umhlaba mayelana nesakhiwo esinqunyiwe esikhona ezikalini eziningi. Kuningi okucatshangelwayo okuveziwe mayelana nendawo yonke yethu njengobubanzi bayo obungapheli okungenzeka noma ukutholakala kwayo endaweni okuhlukahlukeneNokho, ubufakazi obuqand’ ikhanda balezi zinkolelo-mbono abukatholakali.
Indawo yomhlaba emthaleni
Ukunquma indawo ye- umhlabathi ku i-galaxy Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lokhu kutholakala eLaniakea Supercluster, ibandla lamaqoqo amakhulu emithala ngokulandelana ancikene. Enye yalezi kungaba icala le-supercluster ye Virgo, esitholakala kuyo.
Futhi, ngaphakathi kwalokhu super kumula iqembu elincane lemithala okukhulunywe ngalo lingaba Iqembu Lendawo elingalingani lapho umthala wethu nawo utholakala khona. Mayelana nalokhu okungenhla, i IMilky Way, Andromeda, i-Triangulum Galaxy namanye amasathelayithi ayingxenye yeQembu Lendawo. I-Milky Way ingumthala omkhulu ozungezayo futhi uMhlaba utholakala kwenye yezingalo ze-helix ze-Milky Way eziqokwe njengengalo ye-Orion.
Umthala wethu uyi- spiral nebula
Ukuzama ukuthola indawo yethu phakathi kwezinkanyezi eziyizigidi ezingu-100.000, lapho singakwazi ukuhamba ngaphezu kwenkanyezi yethu, kufana nokuzama ukuhlanganisa ihlathi kanye nelinye lalo. izihlahla. Okuningi noma okuncane singaba nombono oseduze wokumelwa kwayo.
Uma sibheka isibhakabhaka sihlukanisa ibhande elingavamile elikhula emkhathini. I izinkanyezi bahlangana ngokwanele nangokulinganayo emgqeni, behlola indawo ekseni lapho umhlangano umkhulu khona. Lolu cwaningo lufundisa ukuthi i-Milky Way yethu iyidiski eyisicaba equkethe izinkanyezi eziningi, thina silele ndawana thize eduze kwendiza yorimu.
Sihlala kwenye yezingalo
Ukubekwa kwe- Sol, ngakho-ke leyo ye-Solar System, emthaleni wethu ingaziwa ngokubala indlela esihlala kuyo kusukela ezinkanyezini esiyibonayo. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX, usosayensi uWilliam Herschel wazama ukukwenza, efika ekutholeni ukuthi iplanethi yethu ingaphakathi kwefu elinomfanekiso we-disk owakhiwe izinkanyezi.
Kodwa-ke, uHerschel wayengazi ukuthi ukumelelwa kwezinhlayiya ezincane zothuli lwezinkanyezi kwenza ukukhanya kwalezo zinkanyezi ezaziqhelelene nendawo ephakathi nendawo. IMilky Way kwabamnyama.
Besibonakala sisemqondweni wefu, njengoba besibona ngale kwawo kuzo zonke izindawo. Futhi, ukuqina kwalezi zandiso akuwona umsebenzi olula. Ngokuphenya into lapho i Umhlaba isezindaweni ezimbili eziphambene zomjikelezo wayo eduze neLanga, kungenzeka ukubala uguquko endaweni okuthiwa yale nto embusweni wezulu, ngokulingana nesizinda sengqikithi ekude kakhulu. Le ndlela ibizwa nge-parallax futhi isivumela ukuthi simise izandiso ngokunembe kakhulu ngokushintsha i-trigonometry.
Mayelana nalokhu okungenhla, lapho i isazi sezinkanyezi U-Shapley wazizwa esendleleni eya emaqenjini amakhulu ezinkanyezi ezishiwo kumaqoqo embulunga yonke. Uthole ukuthi ziyindilinga zakhiwe cishe ngama-light-year angu-100.000 engaba, zigxile ndawana thize kumlaza weSagittarius. Mayelana nalokhu, u-Shapley wafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi isiqalo seqoqo le-globular yi-eksisi yomthala wethu. Ukuze i-Solar System kufanele ibe sendaweni ephakathi kwePerseus neSagittarius, okubangela ukuxoxisana okuningi phakathi kokuthi ngabe sisesandleni esizimele noma uma kuthiwa umkhawulo "uyibhuloho" phakathi kweyangaphambili.
Eminyakeni yamuva, ososayensi baye bahlukanisa isithombe esisaziyo njengamanje mayelana nendawo yomhlaba i-galaxy, kusetshenziswa amasu anhlobonhlobo omsakazo, okubukwayo, okukhanya kwe-infrared, ngisho ne-x-ray yesayensi ye-astral ukugcwalisa idatha: indawo yezingalo ezivunguzayo, amafu omhwamuko nothuli, ukuqoqwa kwezakhi, nokunye.
Iziphetho mayelana nendawo yomhlaba emthaleni
Iplanethi yethu itholakala endaweni yonke ikakhulukazi ku-supercluster of imithala Virgo. Ukuze kube nemininingwane ethe xaxa, iqoqo elikhulu yiqembu lemithala ehlangana ndawonye ngokusebenzisa isenzo samandla adonsela phansi. Futhi, ngaphakathi kwaleli qoqo elihle kakhulu sikuqoqo elincane lemithala eqokwe iQembu Lendawo.
Kulomthambo, i Umhlaba isendleleni yobisi, umthala wesibili ngobukhulu eQenjini Lendawo. Ngale ndlela, i-nebula yethu iwumthala omkhulu ozungezayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umhlaba utholakala kwenye yezingalo ezisongekile ze-Milky Way (ecashunwe ngengalo ye-Orion) ecishe ibe yizingxenyana ezingu-2/3 zendlela ukusuka eksisi yomthala. Ngakho siba yingxenye yeSolar System. Iqembu lezinkanyezi eziyisishagalolunye, kanye nezinkanyezi ezinomsila ezidlulele kanye nama-asteroids azungeza iLanga.Kanjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi umhlaba uyiplanethi yesithathu ukusuka endaweni yeLanga eSolar System.
Ngaphansi kwalokhu okungenhla, uMhlaba utholakala kuSolar System efanayo etholakala kulokhu okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla "I-Orion Arm”, isici esiyingxenye ye-nebula yethu, i-Milky Way, sineminyaka engaba ngu-25,000 yokukhanya ukusuka enkabeni ye-astral.
Ngenxa yalokhu, yethu iplanethi iwumzimba omncane ongaguquki olahlekile emkhathini womkhathi. Izilinganiso zayo ezihlukene ezifana nobukhulu, ubukhulu, zamanje, phakathi kokunye, azifaneleki uma ziqhathaniswa nobukhulu obukhulu bomkhathi, ngamanye amazwi, ayithathi ingxenye eyintandokazi futhi akuyona ukuphela kwenkanyezi eyaziwa kuze kube manje.
Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi indawo ye- umhlabathi emthaleni kuyiqiniso elihlobene nesimiso sonozungezilanga futhi lokhu akwenziwa iplanethi yethu njengoba izungeza kanye nezinye izinkanyezi eziyisikhombisa, eduze kwenkanyezi ebizwa ngokuthi. Sol.
