Indawo yomlilo ye-bioethanol ingaba umthombo wokushisa ohlukile kulezo ezithathwa njengeziko lokhuni noma legesi elivame ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside. Kulesi sihloko uzofunda konke okuhlobene neziko le-bioethanol, ngakho-ke sikumema ukuthi uqhubeke nokufunda.
Indawo yomlilo ye-Bioethanol
Indawo yomlilo ye-bioethanol ayiyona into engaphezu kwedivayisi ukuthi, ngokusebenzisa i-fuel medium, kulokhu, i-ethanol, ikhiqiza ukuvutha okukhiqiza ukushisa. Uphethiloli owawungekho ngaphambilini, nokho, phakathi neminyaka edlule kanye nokuthandwa kwayo yonke imikhiqizo ehambisana nemvelo, ungatholakala kunoma yisiphi isitolo noma emakhasini e-inthanethi. Njengeqiniso elengeziwe nelibaluleke kakhulu, umehluko omkhulu ongazuzwa kulokhu ngendabuko, ukuthi ayinakho uhlaka noma indawo yokukhipha intuthu.
Izinzuzo
Amaphuzu amahle angashiwo mayelana nezindawo zomlilo ze-bioethanol anomthelela omkhulu embonweni wabasebenzisi abazisebenzisayo. Ukufakwa cishe kungenye yezinto ezilula kakhulu, njengoba lo mthombo wamandla wokukhiqiza ukushisa awudingi ipayipi yokukhipha amagesi ngaphandle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungaphawulwa ukuthi lawa mafutha ayingozi kakhulu kunezinkuni, ayikhiphi intuthu, ayikhiqizi umlotha, i-soot noma ukungcola ngendlela yothuli.
Ngokungakhiqizi noma yiluphi uhlobo lwento yegesi, akukho ukushisa okulahlekile ekamelweni lapho kufakwe khona. Eqinisweni, njengoba kungadingi umsebenzi wokwakha, lolu hlobo lomthombo wamandla lungafakwa cishe noma kuphi lapho ufuna ngaphakathi kwekhaya, ngisho nasendaweni yokhuni (umhwamuko wamanzi unomthelela ngandlela thize ekugcineni ibhalansi yawo ye-hygroscopic). , kanye ne-calorific amandla akhishwa ukushiswa kwe-bioethanol mancane kunanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezinkuni zokubasa). Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, imakethe inikeza amamodeli azofakwa odongeni, phansi, futhi alungele ukuhlanganisa izakhi zokuhlobisa ezikhona.
Enye inzuzo engayinikeza izinga lokushisa eliphumayo, elisetshenziselwa ukushisa igumbi lonke cishe imizuzu engu-15, kucatshangelwa uma linamandla okushisa acishe abe ngu-3 kW/h. Futhi ngokuphathelene nokuphepha kwakho, ukusetshenziswa "kokuzicisha ngokwakho" kwanoma iyiphi imodeli yekhwalithi yamanje kugwema ingozi yomlilo okuthiwa ingozi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ingozi iphansi kakhulu kunendawo yomlilo yendabuko, ngoba azikho izinhlansi ezingaba i-ricochet futhi izinkuni ezishile azikwazi ukuphuma kushimula futhi zifake ubuthi kubantu. Uma isishisi sisetshenziswa futhi sibekwe ngendlela efanele, ingozi yengozi ayikho.
Phela, iwumkhiqizo okulula ukuwuthwala. Lokho kusho, uma umuntu engumuntu ohamba kakhulu ezindaweni ezibandayo kakhulu ngalolu hlobo lweziko le-bioethanol, banomthombo wokushisa uma kwenzeka indawo ingashisi. Ngenxa yesisindo sayo, ubukhulu, nokuntuleka kwezidingo zokuyifaka, ukudluliswa akuyona inkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye ngokuthi imodeli, zingaphinde zihanjiswe ngaphakathi kwendlu efanayo kuye ngokuthi ufuna ibe kuphi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Isiteji esincane esinamasondo amancane sivumela ukunyakaza okukhululekile nokusebenzayo.
Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko ezingaba nazo ukuthi azishiyi indawo ebalulekile yemvelo, okungukuthi, azingcolisi umhlabathi noma umoya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lwe-boiler luthatha indawo yezinkuni nge-biofuel yemvelo esesimweni se-liquid, badla utshwala obuncibilikisiwe, i-bioethanol, ekhiqizwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zemfucumfucu yezinto eziphilayo (ikakhulukazi imifino, kusukela kummbila, umoba noma amabele kuya kumazambane, ukolweni, i-algae. noma ikhasi lewolintshi), futhi kungenye yezinketho ezihlanzekile, njengoba umhwamuko wamanzi kanye ne-carbon dioxide kutholakala njengemikhiqizo evuthayo.
Umhwamuko unomthelela omuhle empilweni yethu ngokwandisa umswakama osemoyeni. Ngokuphambene, ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide kuphansi kangangokuthi akulona usongo. Kubalulekile ukuthi, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zikaphethiloli otholakala ku-petroleum, kungabikho ukukhishwa kwe-sulphur dioxide ekhiqizwayo. Eqinisweni, ukwakheka kanye nenani lemikhiqizo ekhiqizwa ukushiswa ngokuvamile kufana nokwakheka komoya okhishwa abantu, okwenza kube lula ukuhlanzwa kwezitofu ezinjalo. Umsebenzi okufanele, nokho, ushiyelwe ukushanela kukashimula ochwepheshe.
nebubi
Nakuba lolu hlobo lomthombo wokushisa lunamaphuzu amahle, luyawakhipha amaphuzu angemahle. Izikhathi eziningi zibonakala ziwumthombo omuhle njengesistimu yokushisisa ene-investment ephansi yokuqala, kodwa empeleni izindleko zokusetshenziswa kwayo ziphezulu njengoba intengo ye-bioethanol idlula intengo yokhuni noma igesi ngakho-ke ayifinyeleleki kubo bonke. amaphakethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwalokhu kuphethiloli kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwemfucuza ephilayo, ngakho ukusimama kuqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu kuyangabazeka ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi okungenzeka kanye nokushintshwa kwenhlabathi eyayisetshenziselwa ukutshalwa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zokudla.
Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile lalesi sitofu se-bioethanol yiphunga elivela kuso. Iqiniso lokuthi ayikhiphi intuthu akusho ukuthi i-bioethanol ayikhiphi iphunga elithile lesici, okuyinto, okuyiqiniso futhi, ingafihlwa ngezinto eziqabulayo zomoya. Kunoma yikuphi, kufanele zisetshenziswe emakamelweni angangena umoya ngemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside. Izindawo zomlilo ezisezingeni eliphakeme zivutha ngaphandle kwezinsalela, ngakho azidingi izithasiselo zephunga; kodwa isitsha esincane samanzi kanye namaconsi ambalwa e-essence kwenza igumbi libe nephunga elimnandi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, naphezu kwamandla ayo okukhipha izinga elamukelekayo lokushisa ekamelweni, lokhu akusho ukuthi lonke ikhaya lingashiselwa ngokusebenzisa idivayisi eyodwa. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kunabantu abaningi abagcizelela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwabo kufanele kube into ehambisanayo kunezindlela ezishintsha ngokuphelele izifudumezi zegesi ezikhona. Njengoba, kuzodingeka ukuthi kube nendawo yomlilo ye-bioethanol ngayinye yamakamelo ekhaya, ngaleyo ndlela ikhiqize elinye lamaphuzu angalungile okukhulunywe ngenhla, okungukuthi, izokwandisa izindleko.
Ukubukeka kokushisa kwemfucuza ekukhiqizayo nakho kuyaye kukhulunywe ngakho. Ngokungafani nezindawo zokubasa izinkuni, amalahle azo aqhubeka ekhipha ukushisa ngenkathi ecishiwe, izindawo zokucima umlilo ze-bioethanol ziyayeka ukukhipha ukushisa ngokushesha nje lapho umlilo uphela, njengoba zenziwa ngezibasi zensimbi. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukushisa kuyanqwabelana, kunezindawo zokucima umlilo ezinezinto ezifanele, njengetshe noma i-ceramic.
Mayelana nendlela yokunakekela nokugcina lo mkhiqizo okhiqiza ukushisa, uma uqhathaniswa nowendabuko, lapho kufanele kususwe khona umlotha, uphethiloli ugcinwe futhi uhlanzwe, ukunakekelwa okuwukuphela kwe-bioethanol edingekayo ukuhlanza ngezikhathi ezithile noma ukugcoba indawo engaphezulu. enye yezinto zokwakha. Kodwa-ke, kufanele zenziwe ngokuhambisana nezincomo zomkhiqizi, lapho isevisi yokushanela ushimula ochwepheshe ihlale inconywa.
Umlando Wendawo Yomlilo ye-Bioethanol
Umlando weziko le-bioethanol mfushane kakhulu, ngoba usungulwe muva nje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengazo zonke izinhlobo zeziko, lokhu bekulokhu kuxhunyaniswa nomlando omkhulu ovamile walolu hlobo lwedivayisi olukhipha ukushisa kumuntu, kungaba ukupheka, ukuncibilikisa ezinye izinsimbi, noma kalula, ukuze ukwazi ukushisa. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ujule kancane, kuzodingeka ukwazi ngokujulile ukuthi umlando weziko ube yini nokuthi kungani udale leli klasi.
Into yokuqala ongayisho ngomlando woshimula ukuthi imvelaphi yabo ayaziwa. Kukhona izifundo eziqinisekisa ukuthi ezokuqala zavela ekhulwini lokuqala emva kukaKristu, ezazingenakho ukufana ngokuklama noma isakhiwo sikashimula wanamuhla, ngokuphambene nalokho, kwakuyizimbobo ezilula emhlabathini ezazisetshenziswa kuphela. nikeza imfudumalo kubantu abasondelene nayo.
Kamuva, futhi ngesidingo sokugxila ekushiseni okwengeziwe ukuze kucaciswe izingxenye zensimbi ezingazweli kakhulu kanye nokulungiswa kwekhwalithi engcono nokudla okusheshayo, izakhiwo zokuqala ezazisebenza njengamahhavini zaklanywa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi zizoguquka futhi kuleyo naleyo mpahla ehlukene zisetshenziswe ekuchazeni kwazo, vele, zonke zisebenzisa izinkuni njengezibaso noma amalahle. Ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili, uBenjamin Franklin wakha isitofu sokuqala sesimanje, esagcina sikhuthaza lezi ezilandelayo, njengoba lo mklamo wawusanikeza ukushisa naphezu kokuba wawungasabasiwe.
Yiqiniso, ngokufika kwekhulu le-XNUMX kanye nezimboni, izindawo zomlilo zaba yingxenye elula nencane yendlu, ukuba ibe yingxenye emaphakathi kanye nomhlobiso omkhulu wokubonisa impumelelo kanye nezinto ezizuzwe ngabanikazi bazo. Kakade ngasekupheleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka futhi phakathi nenkathi elandelayo, ukusetshenziswa kokhuni kwathathelwa indawo ngokuyinhloko eminye imithombo, njengegesi, uphethiloli, phakathi kwabanye. Kodwa-ke, ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX, umkhuba wokuhlobisa wezindawo zomlilo waya kwelinye izinga.
Kula mashumi eminyaka, abanye baphuma ababenolwazi lokuthi umlilo abawukhiphile wawunemibalabala, owakhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa i-ethanol noma i-bioethanol, njengoba abanye beyibiza kanjalo. Kwakuyinketho emangalisa kakhulu ngesikhathi sayo, nakuba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abasebenzisi baqala ukufisa ukuthi, ngaphezu kokukhipha imiphumela yayo enemibala engavamile, izonikeza ukushisa okwengeziwe futhi yingakho izindawo zomlilo ze-bioethanol zakhiwe ukuze zihlangabezane naleso sidingo samakhasimende.
i-ethanol
Sikhulume kakhulu igama elithi ethanol noma i-bioethanol ngaphambili, futhi kwachazwa ukuthi kuwuhlobo lomthombo wamandla olusetshenziswa lolu hlobo lweziko. Kodwa-ke, ukuze uqonde kancane mayelana neziko le-bioethanol, kuzodingeka uchaze ngokucacile ukuthi lolu hlobo lwamafutha luhlanganisani. Siqala ngokuchaza ukuthi iyinhlobonhlobo ye-biofuel yingakho ibizwa nge-renewable, ngokungafani nowoyela, okungamafutha ohlobo lwe-fossil. Ama-biofuels "Aluhlaza" angamafutha athatha indawo yokusetshenziswa "kaphethiloli".
Inhloso enkulu yokusebenzisa ama-biofuels ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa adumile. Lezi zishisa ngaphezu komhlaba futhi zenze ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kusheshe kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusetshenziswa kwawo kuyathakazelisa njengoba uwoyela ongahluziwe othunyelwa kwamanye amazwe uyancipha. Uma sisebenzisa i-bioethanol sifaka isandla ekukhuthazeni imisebenzi yezolimo neyezimboni futhi sandisa izinga lokuzanelisa kwezwe lethu, sikhuluma ngokuzimisela.
Uwuthola kanjani uphethiloli weziko le-bioethanol?
Njengoba sesishilo, iyi-biofuel etholakala ngokuvutshelwa kwe-organic matter kanye ne-biomass ecebile ngama-carbohydrate (ushukela). Imikhiqizo ebaluleke kakhulu yokukhiqiza i-bioethanol okusanhlamvu, izinsalela zokucindezela, ukudla okunesitashi nezilimo zikashukela (isib. umoba). Ngokuya ngezinto ezingavuthiwe ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwayo, iphinde ikhiqize imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene embonini yokudla namandla. I-Bioethanol yaziwa nangokuthi i-ethanol noma i-bioalcohol.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Ethanol kuyisibonelo esicacile sokuthi isayensi, ubuchwepheshe, ezolimo kanye nezimboni kufanele zisebenzisane kanjani ukuze umkhiqizo wezolimo uguqule uphethiloli. Inqubo yokukhiqiza iye yacwengwa kakhulu futhi yabuyekezwa eminyakeni yamuva, eye yanda ekusebenzeni kahle futhi ihluka kancane ekusetshenzisweni kwayo okuthathu okuyinhloko: iziphuzo, imboni kanye nophethiloli, nakuba izinyathelo eziyinhloko zifana.
Njengeqiniso elengeziwe nelithakazelisayo, kungavezwa ukuthi iningi le-ethanol elikhiqizwa e-United States lenziwa ngommbila, kodwa njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, lingabuye likhiqizwe kweminye imikhiqizo efana namabele, ukolweni, ibhali, amazambane noma isithombo sebhitrudi. Eningizimu yezwekazi laseMelika, iBrazil, engomunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu emhlabeni, iyikhiqiza ngomoba.
Izinqubo zokukhiqiza i-Biofuel
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza i-ethanol kusuka kummbila: ukugaya okomile nokugaya okumanzi. Zombili lezi zinqubo zibandakanya izinyathelo ezifanayo: ukulungiswa komkhiqizo, ukuvutshelwa koshukela olula, nokubuyiswa kotshwala kanye nemikhiqizo ekhiqizwa kule nqubo. Ngokuya ekukhethweni kwesistimu yokukhiqiza, isethi ethile yokuphuma noma imikhiqizo etholakalayo iyatholakala. Ukugaya okomile kukhiqiza okusanhlamvu okuseqophelweni eliphezulu okuncibilika okomile okuphakela izinkomo. Esikhundleni salokho, kutholakala okumanzi, kanye ne-ethanol, amafutha ommbila, ukudla kwe-gluten nokudla kwe-gluten.
Yenzelwe ini?
I-Bioethanol inguphethiloli oluhlaza oqondile othatha indawo kaphethiloli futhi ibonakala ngesilinganiso esiphezulu se-octane. Ingasetshenziswa kuphethiloli ongu-20% ngaphandle kokushintsha injini(izi) ezisetshenzisiwe. Inenani eliphansi lokushisisa kunophethiloli otholakala ku-petroleum. Ngokuyinhloko isetshenziselwa ukwandisa inombolo ye-octane kaphethiloli. I-Bioethanol njengophethiloli ivame kakhulu eBrazil, lapho izimoto eziningi emgwaqeni ziyisebenzisa nsuku zonke. Kodwa-ke, amandla e-bioethanol anamandla awagcini emkhakheni wezokuthutha, njengoba angasetshenziswa njengophethiloli wokushisa nokusetshenziswa ekhaya.
Ubudlelwano nemvelo
Kungashiwo ukuthi umthelela wemvelo we-bioethanol uyaphikisana ngandlela thize. Uma ukushiswa kwe-ethanol kubangela ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 ephansi uma kuqhathaniswa nophethiloli, etholakala njengoba sazi emafutheni, ukukhiqizwa kwayo kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Olunye ucwaningo lusikisela ukuthi inqubo yokukhiqiza idinga amandla amaningi noma amaningi ezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi kunalokho okudingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe inani elilinganayo lamandla ngendlela ye-ethanol.
Ngamanye amazwi, amandla adingekayo ukuze kuqhutshwe ogandaganda, kukhiqizwe umanyolo, kucutshungulwe i-ethanol, namandla ahambisana nokugugiswa kwazo zonke izinto ezisetshenziswa kule nqubo angaba mkhulu kunamandla atholakala ekushiseni i-ethanol. Ngokwale ngxabano, akunangqondo ukushisa ilitha elingu-1 le-ethanol uma kuthatha amalitha angu-2 kaphethiloli ukuyidala. Ngamafuphi, kwenziwa ucwaningo ukuze kutholwe imbuyiselo ku-energy investment (ERR) ye-bioethanol. Futhi, njengamanye ama-biofuel esizukulwane sokuqala, angaba nomthelela emananini okudla kanye nokugawulwa kwamahlathi.
Ukufakwa Kwendawo Yomlilo ye-Bioethanol
Ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa enye yamamodeli eziko emakethe, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukufakwa kwayo okufanele. Njengoba indawo yomlilo ye-ethanol ayidingi isakhiwo sendabuko, ukufakwa kulula kakhulu. Ahlukaniswe amakilasi amabili anezici eziyingqayizivele: lawo afakwe odongeni nalawo azimele (odongeni naphansi). Amamodeli odonga (noma amamodeli ashumekiwe) angalengiswa kalula kubakaki abafakwe kuphakheji yokuthenga. Ukukhweza odongeni ezimeni eziningi kuyafana nokufaka i-TV yesikrini esiyisicaba.
Kuhlale kunconywa ukuthi oshimula babekwe cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-100 ngokuphathelene nezinye izinto, ikakhulukazi ikhethini, ukuze kwandiswe ukuphepha kwesitofu sethu. Izindawo zokucima umlilo ezizimele noma izindawo zokucima umlilo zaphansi naphezu kwethebulethi azidingi ukufakwa. Umhlangano umane usekelwe ekubekeni i-burner endaweni efanele ukuze i-ovini iqale ukukhipha ukushisa. Akudingekile ukubeka noma yini ngaphansi kwalezi zakhi, futhi ingahlala ngisho nasezitezini zokhuni ngaphandle kwenkinga yokuphepha.
Isetshenziswa kanjani i-Bioethanol Fireplace?
Ukusebenza kwenye yalezi zinhlelo zokukhipha ukushisa kwemvelo kulula kakhulu. Iziko zinethangi lapho kubekwa khona i-bioethanol. Uma lokhu kusetshenziswa ukushisa, kukhipha inani elikhulu lamandla okushisa, elingacimi noma kuphi kusukela, lapho kungabikho umoya wamanje, ukushisa kukhishwa ngokuphelele ekamelweni. Ngakho-ke, kubhekwa njengendlela yokwandisa uphethiloli phezulu. I-Bioethanol, inqobo nje uma isekhwalithi enhle, ayikhiqizi noma iyiphi iphunga.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinga le-biofuel lizokwenza ukuthi uma uyivula uzobona iphunga elimnandi elingakhululekile neze. Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, ukusetshenziswa kwe-bioethanol eziko kuphakathi kwekota yelitha nangaphezu kwengxenye yelitha ngehora. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi kunamamodeli anomthamo ongafika ku-5 amalitha kaphethiloli, singasho ukuthi indawo yomlilo ephakathi nendawo ingakhanyisa amahora angama-20 ngaphandle kokugcwalisa ithangi.
Umehluko phakathi kweBioethanol Fireplace kanye neGel Fireplace
Nakuba ngokuvamile zihlukaniswa eqenjini elifanayo ngenxa yokuthi amafutha azo aqukethe into evamile, okuwutshwala. Ngamunye wabo anganikeza imiphumela emangalisayo kumnikazi ngamunye wabo, noma kunjalo, kunenombolo yezimpawu ezihlukanisayo futhi kungaba usizo ukuzazi kusukela, lapho ekhetha eyodwa, umuntu angakhetha eyodwa noma enye. Okulandelayo, sizobonisa ngayinye yazo:
- I-Bioethanol: amandla omlilo ayikhiphayo aphuzi. Ingasetshenziswa ngendlela ewuketshezi ngaphakathi kwe-burner. Uphethiloli wawo uvela ekuvutshelweni kukashukela kwezinye izitshalo, njengommbila. Ingakhipha ama-calories ukusuka ku-1.000 kuya ku-2.500 kilogram ngehora. Ilitha eyodwa ingahlala amahora ama-5 wokusha. Futhi, udinga imizuzu engu-15 kuphela ukushisa igumbi.
- Gel: ukuvutha kwayo kudala amalangabi asondelene nawugqinsi. Zisetshenziswa iziqukathi eziqukethe ijeli. Uphethiloli wayo uvela ku-isopropanol, amanzi, usawoti kanye nama-thickeners. Ingakhipha ama-calories ukusuka ku-800 kuya ku-1800 ngehora. Ilitha elilodwa lingahlala amahora angu-3 omlilo, ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yomlilo izoba namandla aphelele ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-30.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa mayelana Nendawo Yomlilo ye-Bioethanol
Ukuze kugcwaliseke lonke ulwazi olunikezwa eziko le-bioethanol, uhlu lwemibuzo lungenziwa ngemibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nalolu hlelo oluthakazelisayo lokukhishwa kokushisa. Ezinye ziyahlukahluka kokuthi ingabe ingakhipha iphunga?Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?Noma ngisho,uma ilangabi lingacisha nakuba i-biofuel ingakaqedwa ngokuphelele?Zonke lezi zimpendulo nokunye kuzophendulwa ezigabeni ezilandelayo:
Ingabe zingakhipha ukushisa? Impendulo inguyebo, ngoba uma kushiswa uphethiloli, kukhiqiza ilangabi elikhipha ukushisa okukhulu. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili ezinzuzweni, igumbi elilodwa ekhaya lingashiswa ngaphansi kwemizuzu eyi-15 ngokusebenzisa nje enye yalezi zixhobo ezikhipha ukushisa.
Ingabe lesi sitofu sikhipha noma yiluphi uhlobo lwephunga? Ukushiswa kwe-bioethanol ngokuvamile akukhiqizi noma yiluphi uhlobo lwephunga. Iphunga elilodwa ongalibona yilapho uphethiloli uvutha nalapho ucima, futhi alilimazi noma alibi njengoba abanye bengase basho; kumane kuyindaba yokujwayela. Isikhathi esisele, ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, ngeke sikhiphe noma yiluphi uhlobo lwephunga. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abanye abantu basebenzisa izinhlobo ezithile zikaphethiloli ezinephunga elengeziwe ukuze zinike iphunga.
Lolu hlobo lwesitofu lungabekwa kuphi? Ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe kuzonquma imodeli nosayizi wesitofu osithengayo. Amayunithi anesitoshi esincane ngokuvamile awakhiphi ukushisa okuningi futhi athengwa kakhulu ngezinjongo zobuhle. Kodwa-ke, lawo angabamba uphethiloli omningi avame ukukhipha ukushisa okukhulu futhi ahlale isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokudinga ukushintshwa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele futhi ihlolwe ukuthi ingabe le divayisi izofakwa odongeni noma ime ngokukhululekile futhi iyaphatheka ukuze ukwazi ukuyisusa kwelinye igumbi uye kwelinye. Uma uhlela ukusebenzisa iziko lakho elingaphandle endaweni engaphandle, qiniseka ukuthi iyunithi oyithengile yakhelwe ukumelana nezakhi. Ukuvikela isimo sezulu kukashimula kudinga ukusetshenziswa kohlobo oluthile lwensimbi engagqwali, ngakho-ke uma inkampani idizayine iziko elizosetshenziswa endlini kuphela, ukuyikhipha ngaphandle kuzoqeda iwaranti yakho futhi kungabangela umonakalo.
Futhi ukusebenza kahle kwayo? Ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo kwezinto ezitholakala ngokwemvelo, lolu hlobo lwamafutha, uma lusetshenziswa, lukhiqiza ukukhishwa kwegesi ngaphandle kwezinsalela eziyingozi emvelweni. I-carbon dioxide ekhishwayo imuncwa izitshalo bese icutshungulwa nge-photosynthesis ukuze izisize zikhule. Lokhu kudala umjikelezo ongapheli wokudalwa kwamandla nokushiswa, okwenza i-bioethanol ibe umthombo wamafutha ongathathi hlangothi futhi osebenza kahle.
Ingakanani uphethiloli esetshenziswa yile ndlela yokushisa? Ilitha elilodwa le-bioethanol libiza cishe ama-€3. Izindawo zomlilo ze-bioethanol zinomthamo wethangi ohluka phakathi kwamalitha angu-0,5 nama-5. Indawo yomlilo ye-bioethanol yangaphakathi, ebekwe kumandla omlilo ophakathi, ingadla cishe amalitha angu-0,3 e-bioethanol ngehora. Okusho ukuthi, ngelitha elilodwa likaphethiloli, singashisa indawo yomlilo cishe amahora amathathu nesigamu.
Uma sifuna umfutho welangabi ophakeme kakhulu, ilitha likaphethiloli lizohlala cishe amahora ama-2 futhi njengoba ilangabi lishuba kakhulu, ubude besikhathi yilitha ye-bioethanol bungaba amahora angu-5. Ngalezi zibalo, futhi kucatshangelwa isilinganiso sobukhulu belangabi, singasho ukuthi izindleko zokusebenzisa indawo yomlilo ye-bioethanol zingaphansi kwe-€1 ngehora. Umthamo we-shimney burner nawo kufanele ucatshangelwe. Ngokuvamile, ama-burners amakhulu adla kakhulu kunamancane.
Ingabe ingafakwa okhunini? Impendulo inguyebo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kuyindlela ephephile nenconywayo kakhulu yokuyifaka endaweni yokhuni. Ngokukhipha umhwamuko wamanzi, kusiza ukugcina ibhalansi ye-hygroscopic yokhuni, ibhalansi ephazamiseka lapho kukhona umthombo omkhulu wokushisa, njengoba yomisa ukhuni. Ayithinti isakhiwo sama-molecule sokhuni ngoba inani lama-calories elikhishwa yi-bioethanol lingaphansi kwalelo elikhishwa ukhuni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthombo wokushisa wesitofu se-biocombustion awugxilile kakhulu ngoba usebenza kakhulu nge-convection kunemisebe, ngaleyo ndlela uqede umehluko we-voltage ngenxa yokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa.
Ungawuthenga kuphi uphethiloli we-bio? Njengamanje, kunezitolo ezimbalwa ezibonakalayo nezimakethe ezithengisa lolu hlobo lomkhiqizo. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuwuthola iwukusebenzisa amapulatifomu ahlukahlukene aku-inthanethi, njengoba kulapho izinkampani ezinkulu kanye nezinhlangano ezisekela imvelo ezihlinzeka nge-bioethanol zitholakala khona, futhi kwezinye izindawo ungathola amanani amahle kakhulu.
Ingabe amandla elangabi angalawulwa? Ngokuvamile, angakwazi, ngaphandle kwamanye amamodeli amancane aphathekayo. Kumamodeli ajwayelekile, ilangabi lingavulwa futhi livalwe nge-lever efakiwe, okwenza libe likhulu futhi ngaleyo ndlela likhiphe ukushisa okwengeziwe, ngezindleko zokusetshenziswa kwe-biofuel okwandisiwe. Abanye ochwepheshe batusa ukushiya ilangabi livutha ngokuphelele imizuzu eyi-10 yokuqala ukuze lifinyelele amandla alo aphezulu, njengoba ilangabi liqala libuthakathaka kakhulu. Ngemva kwaleso sikhathi, ilangabi lingalungiswa njengoba kudingeka.
Luhlobo luni lokukhishwa kwegesi olukhiqizwayo? Ukukhishwa kwegesi okukhiqizwa yi-bioethanol evuthayo kungafana nalokho okuvela emakhandleleni amabili avuthayo. Umhwamuko wamanzi okhishwa lapho kushiswa i-bioethanol ungaphansi kwalowo okhishwa yi-humidifier yasekhaya futhi unenzuzo ngisho nangokwengeziwe, njengoba ukukhishwa kwegesi okushisa kuholela ekunciphiseni umswakama ozungezile kungakhathalekile uhlobo, okuyinto kulokhu engaba yindleko.
Ingabe ikhona indlela yokucima umlilo ngaphandle kokulinda ukuthi uphethiloli uphele? Yebo, ikhona. Lokhu kungenziwa kusetshenziswa indlela yokulawula yanoma iyiphi itshimini enayo, noma ngokusebenzisa i-lever yendabuko ukunciphisa ukutholakala komoya-mpilo. Lokhu kungamisa ukusha futhi kwenze ilangabi linyamalale, noma ngabe uphethiloli uhlala esitsheni. Khumbula, uma kungekho umoya-mpilo, akukho ukusha, ngakho-ke, akukho umlilo.
Ingabe lezi zinkundla zokusabalalisa ukushisa ziphephile? Njengazo zonke izinto zokulawula umlilo, zingaba yingozi ethile. Esimweni esithile sale mikhiqizo, ingozi incike kumsebenzisi, njengoba ilangabi elikhiqizwayo cishe lingeke ligxume phezu kwanoma yimaphi amalahle noma izingodo ezivuthayo ezingase ziphume kushimula. Uma isishisi sisetshenziswa futhi sibekwe kahle, ingozi yezingozi cishe ayikho. Funda imiyalelo yokusebenza kanye nezincwadi zokuphepha ezifakiwe kuzo zonke izinhlobo.
Ingabe uphethiloli ungaba yingozi noma ube yingozi? Njengazo zonke izinto zokubasa, unezakhi zamakhemikhali ezenza ushise kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yize uvela emithonjeni yemvelo njengommbila, ukusetshenziswa kwawo ngabantu akuvunyelwe futhi, ngakho-ke, ungabangela izinkinga eziningi uma ungaphathwanga ngokwemiyalelo yomhlinzeki. Kunconywa ukuthi ugcinwe kude nanoma yimuphi umthombo wokushisa okuphezulu, ikakhulukazi ehlobo.
Ingabe kuyingozi ukugcwalisa isishisi ngophethiloli? Ukugcwalisa isishisi nge-bioethanol kungaba yingozi. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokugcwalisa, kungenzeka ukuthi kuchitheke, okusho ukuthi uphethiloli owengeziwe ungavutha ngokuzumayo uma uvutha. Eminye imishini yenza le nqubo ibe ngokuzenzakalelayo; okudingeka ukwenze nje ukuxhuma ipayipi esigubhini kanye nokuvulwa kokugcwalisa kwesishisi, bese uqala ukudlulisa uphethiloli. Uketshezi luphonswa ngqo ethangini elihlukile bese luyeka ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho ithangi seligcwele.
Ingabe zikhona ezingavalwa? Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezingenza lokhu. Okudingeka ukwenze nje ukufunda imininingwane yobuchwepheshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi eziningi zazo zingavalwa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lodonga, kungaba ukhuni, itshe, noma isitini, futhi zingasetshenziswa emisebenzini eminingi yokuhlobisa, okuhlanganisa ukukhombisa izithombe, izitshalo, ama-vase, kanye nenye ifenisha ethuthukisa isikhala.
Ingabe lezi zitofu zibiza kakhulu? Izitofu ze-Bioethanol ziwuhlobo lomkhiqizo wokuhlobisa ikhaya onentengo ehlukahlukene kakhulu. Ochwepheshe abaningi bacebisa ukuthi ucabangele izici eziningana lapho ufuna amanani, okuhlanganisa isabelomali sakho, ubukhulu besitofu, ubukhulu bendawo lapho sizofakwa khona, ukulungiswa okudingekayo kwamamodeli ahlukene, kanye nezindleko zamafutha ahlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile, isitofu singasukela ku-€50 kuya ku-€2000, futhi yize lokhu kungaba yintengo yokuqala, utshalomali lunganda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ingabe ingafakwa odongeni lwe-MDF? Umthetho okuwukuphela kwawo okufanele ulandelwe lapho ulenga enye yalezi odongeni lwe-plasterboard yilowo oboniswe umenzi wephaneli mayelana nesisindo esiphezulu ngephuzu ngalinye le-anchor, elivame ukufika ku-30 kg, elinesivalo esifanele kanye nebanga okungenani elingu-40 cm phakathi kwamaphuzu e-anchor. Ngakho-ke, isisindo semodeli ekhethiwe akufanele sidlule umphumela wokuphindaphinda inani lama-anchor (ngokuvamile amabili) ngo-30.
Uma usithandile lesi sihloko mayelana nezinzuzo kanye nokubi kwendawo yomlilo ye-bioethanol futhi ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe ngezinye izihloko ezithakazelisayo, ungabheka izixhumanisi ezilandelayo: