I-Plátano de Sombra ingenye yezinhlobo zemihlobiso efunwa kakhulu umphakathi, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yobuhle bayo obukhulu kanye nokugqama kwayo okuvezwayo.Ake sifunde ngezinye zezici nokunakekelwa kwalesi sihlahla esikhulukazi, lapha kulesi sihloko.
Ubhanana Wethunzi
Izihlahla zibhekwa njengabalingisi abayinhloko bempilo nemvelo, banesibopho sokwenza enye yezinqubo ezibaluleke kakhulu esintwini futhi okungukuthi ukunikeza umoya-mpilo kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba, ngaphezu kwalokho Banomthwalo wemfanelo wokuletha ubuhle endaweni. ezisizungezile, ziwuphawu lokuthula nokuthula, ngakho-ke, singazithola enkabeni yedolobha, emigwaqweni, ngaphandle kwamakhaya.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezihlahla ezifunwa ubukhazikhazi bazo obukhulu, phakathi kwazo isihlahla sikabhanana esinomthunzi sigqama, kwabaningi ababhekwa njengejwayelekile kakhulu, singatholakala osebeni lwemigwaqo kanye nasezindleleni; Ngokufanayo, kubhekwa njengenye yezihlahla ezifunwa kakhulu ukuhlobisa izingadi, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi inezici eziphikisana kakhulu nezimo zezulu ezihlukahlukene, kulula kakhulu ukuzinakekela.
Ubhanana womthunzi, owaziwa nangokuthi i-Platanus x Hispanica, uthathwa njengohlobo oluvela ekuhlanganiseni kwezinhlobo ezimbili, kube isihlahla esingafinyelela ukuphakama okukhulu, cishe amamitha angama-55, ungowomndeni wakwaPlatanaceae, futhi uthathwa njengesihlahla esivuthulukayo. lokho okuhambisana nalezo ezivame ukulahlekelwa amahlamvu kanye nombala wazo oluhlaza phakathi nezinkathi zasebusika ukuze zongiwe kakhulu.
Ubhanana womthunzi uthathwa njengengxube ye-Platanus Orietalis, uhlobo oluhlala eNingizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia, kanye ne-Platanus Occidentalis, uhlobo oluhlala endaweni yase-Atlantic e-United States, nakuba lolu lwazi lungaqinisekisiwe ngo-100%, yingakho abanye ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi iyahambelana ngempela nePlatanus Orietalis, ngakho-ke, umsuka wayo awuchazwanga kahle kakhulu. Ingabonakala ngokujwayelekile emapaki nasezingadini, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezipholile emhlabeni.
Izici
Ubhanana womthunzi ubhekwa njengesihlahla se-monoecious, ngoba isitshalo esingaba nobulili bobubili, sibe yi-hermaphroditic, kanye nokuba sinqamule, sithonywe izinkathi ezahlukene zonyaka. Ingafinyelela ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-40 ukuphakama, inamagatsha avulekile amaqabunga amaqabunga futhi inomqhele obanzi, yingakho igama layo ngoba likwazi ukunikeza umthunzi omkhulu futhi liwusizo kakhulu ukulinywa emigwaqweni nasemapaki.
Amagxolo awo anombala omlotha (ompunga okhanyayo njengombala womlotha) noma abuye abe luhlaza kuye ngokuthi inkathi yonyaka atholakala ngayo (intwasahlobo nehlobo), umbala onsundu ungabonwa esiqwini salabo asebekhulile. ngenxa yokuthi izikali ziqala ukuhlukana, okungase kuvezwe amabala aphuzi ngisho namhlophe kuwo wonke amagxolo angaphakathi.
Amaqabunga awo afana kakhulu nalawo ama-maple anobukhulu obungamasentimitha ayi-12 kuye kwangama-22 ubude namasentimitha ayi-12 kuye kwangama-30 ububanzi, ngisho nokuba yi-tri noma i-penta palmatifid, abhekwa njengamaqabunga anemifantu kusukela onqenqemeni kuya endaweni ye-semimbo. Endabeni yezimbali, ngokuvamile ziwuhlobo lwe-inflorescence, yilabo abazalwa beqoqwe ngokuqondile esiqwini.
Endabeni yezimbali zesilisa nezesifazane zivame ukuqoqwa ngamabhangqa, ubulili ngalunye buhlanganiswe ngokwalo futhi eduze kwesiqu, endabeni yezimbali zesifazane ziyi-globular kanye nohlobo olulengayo, ezinobukhulu obungango-2 kuya ku-3 wamasentimitha. yobubanzi etholakala eduze kwesitsha, ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi banokutholakala kwezimbali ezincane kakhulu. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza kwebhanana lomthunzi siphakathi nenyanga ka-April.
Izinga lokukhula kwebhanana lomthunzi lingashesha kakhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho libhekwa njengelihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu, nezinhlobo ezineminyaka engaba ngu-300 yokuphila, okwamanje kubhekwa njenge-hybrid ethandwa kakhulu emapaki nakuzo zonke izingadi zamazwe. nezimo zezulu ezipholile. Iwuhlobo olusatshalaliswa kakhulu ezindaweni ezinosebe lomfula kanye namanzi amaningi.
Isici esikhethekile sikabhanana we-Sombra ukuthi ungaba yi-allergenic kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwawo ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwempova, uvame ukusabalalisa impova enkulu endaweni, okuyimbangela yokungezwani komzimba okuningi kanye nokungakhululeki. zikhula kakhulu lapho zitshalwa ezingadini zasekhaya, okudala ukungakhululeki okukhulu kokuphefumula.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Shade Banana
Ubhanana womthunzi ubhekwa njengesihlahla esidala kakhulu esihlale sinikeza izakhiwo nezinzuzo ezahlukene emphakathini, siqokomisa iqiniso lokuthi lezi zinhlobo zingatholakala eLondon, eSpain ngisho naseTurkey, imvelaphi yazo awaziwa kahle kodwa zivame ukuvela eduze. imifudlana nosebe lwemifula, phakathi kokunye kokusetshenziswa okuyinhloko okunikezwe lesi sihlahla:
- I-Antiquity
Ukubaluleka kukabhanana womthunzi emphakathini bekwaziwa kusukela kudala, waze wasetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezimoto ezihambayo ezazidudulwa yizisebenzi ezaziphethe ukuthutha impahla ngokukhuthala nangokusheshisa ezitshalweni zendawo.
- Umhlobiso
Izitshalo zokuhlobisa zibhekwa njengalezo ezitshalwa kuphela ngenxa yezici zazo zokuhlobisa njengezimbali, amaqabunga ngisho namakha anikezwa yizo, konke lokhu ukuthengisa nokuhlobisa izindawo zangaphakathi nangaphandle. Endabeni yebhanana yomthunzi, ingaba yinhlobo enokusetshenziswa kokuhlobisa, ethandwa kakhulu ngobukhulu bayo obukhulu obunesibopho sokukhiqiza umthunzi omningi.
Kubhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo ezifunwa kakhulu ezifundeni zaseYurophu okufanele zilinywe ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, izingadi nasezindlini. Ukutholakala ezindaweni lapho igcina khona ukuthintana nelanga, ngaphezu kokudinga ukuchelelwa okuningi. Ngokuvamile zivame ukusetshenziswa emigqeni yezihlahla ukuhlobisa imingcele yezingadi.
- Ezomnotho
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izihlahla zingenye yemithombo eyinhloko yezinkuni zomhlaba wonke. Kubhekwa njengenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zokusetshenziswa, lapho ukwakhiwa kwemikhiqizo ehlukene ebalulekile kungenziwa khona, njengamabhodi, ifenisha, imibhede, izigxobo zekhoneni, phakathi kweminye imisebenzi. Ukhuni lwawo lubonakala ngokuba luqinile futhi luqinile, yingakho lubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni umkhakha wezomnotho nezenhlalakahle wesintu.
- Ezokwelapha
Esinye sezici ezifanele kakhulu zebhanana lomthunzi yizici ze-astringent ukuthi amaqabunga namagxolo akhona, konke lokhu ngenxa yezicubu zayo ezingaba nezenzo zokuphulukisa, zokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-anti-hemorrhagic. Isetshenziswa kabanzi kuzo zonke lezo zinkinga zomkhuhlane, izinkinga zokuphefumula kanye nokopha kwangaphakathi noma kwangaphandle.
Ukulima Ubhanana Omthunzi
Ukunakekelwa kwesitshalo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhula okwanele nokunempilo, ikakhulukazi ezihlahleni ezitshalwa ezingadini, ikakhulukazi lezo eziyizinhlobo zezihlahla lapho izimo ezanele zokuzithuthukisa kufanele zinikezwe; Ubhanana owumthunzi ubhekwa njengesihlahla esiphila isikhathi eside futhi esimelana nezwe, kodwa udinga izimo ezithile zokulinywa ukuze uthande ukukhula kwawo okukhulu. Ngezansi siyazi izimo ezidingekayo zokulima zebhanana lomthunzi:
- Izingxenye ezingezansi
Ama-substrates ahambisana nendawo noma indawo lapho isitshalo singahlala khona noma sithuthuke, uma ubhanana omthunzi ungatshalwa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwenhlabathi, kunconywa ukuthi ube yinhlabathi engajulile, ehlanzekile futhi encane ye-limestone, Ngale ndlela, ukugeleza kahle kwamanzi kuqinisekisiwe njengoba ejikeleza kulo lonke uhlelo lokutshala ubhanana emthunzini.
- Luz
Izitshalo njalo zidinga ukuchayeka elangeni eliningi ukuze zenze izinqubo ezahlukene ze-biochemical ezivumela ukukhula kwezitshalo futhi zizivumele ukuthi zenze inqubo ye-photosynthesis eyenziwa izitshalo. Endabeni yebhanana yomthunzi, isihlahla esidinga ukuchayeka elangeni njalo, ngale ndlela ukukhula okunempilo kwesihlahla kuqinisekisiwe.
- Izihlahla
Ukuthena kuyisethi yezinqubo ezidingekayo ukuze kugcinwe ubuhle besitshalo, kodwa futhi kuyinqubo yokunakekelwa ukuze uthande ukulondolozwa nokuma kwaso.Endabeni yebhanana emthunzini, bangakwazi ukubekezelela zonke izinhlobo zokuthena.Ukuthenwa kokuqeqesha kusetshenziswa ukususa amagatsha akhula ngendlela yomuthi, ngaphezu kokuqeda lawo omile noma asesimweni sokugula. Kunconywa ukwenza izihlahla phakathi nezigaba zasentwasahlobo.
- Umswakama
Umswakama ungabhekwa njengesinye sezimo eziyisisekelo zokukhula okufanele kwezihlahla, okunomthelela omkhulu emanzini angaphakathi esihlahla. Ubhanana owumthunzi kufanele ube nomswakama omningi, ikakhulukazi phakathi nonyaka wokuqala wokutshala, bese ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izinhlelo zokunisela zingenziwa kuye ngendawo lapho utshalwe khona (eduze nemifudlana) kanye nezimo zezulu zendawo.
- Ukuzala
Ukukhiqizwa kwebhanana lomthunzi kungenziwa ngezinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlelo ngokusikwa, okuhambisana nama-protuberances avela eziqwini, kunconywa ukusika ngaphandle kokulimaza noma iyiphi ingxenye yesihlahla, ukutshala ku-substrate ecebile ngamaminerali kuze kube yilapho. impande iyatholakala, ngokwanele, ekugcineni itshalwe emhlabathini. Indlela yesibili yokukhiqiza imbewu, lapho ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zingenela khona ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wokukhipha impova emangqamuzaneni esifazane esihlahla ngamangqamuzana eduna yenye.
- Izithelo
Ubhanana wesithunzi ungaba nesikhashana sokuvuthwa phakathi nezinkathi zasentwasahlobo, uhlume ezinye zezithelo zawo. Imbewu yayo ijwayele ukuqoqwa ngesikhathi sasebusika, ikwazi ukumila ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokwelashwa okukhethekile. Khona-ke imbewu kufanele igcinwe ezitsheni ezimnyama futhi ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi, ngezikhathi ezithile kufanele ihlungwe noma ifakwe emanzini izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba ihlwanyelwe.
Izinkinga ezithinta i-Plantain of Shadow
Ubhanana womthunzi ubhekwa njengesihlahla esiqinile, esiphila isikhathi eside, kulula ukusigcina futhi kulula kakhulu ukutshala, naphezu kwalokhu akukhululiwe ebunzimeni njengazo zonke izitshalo. Phakathi kwezinkinga ezihlukahlukene ezingase zenzeke emthunzini webhanana kukhona izinambuzane nezifo ezingabangela izinkinga ekukhuleni kwayo, ukukhubazeka ngisho nokufa, usazise izinhlobo ezinethonya kakhulu emthunzini webhanana:
- Isikhunta se-Powdery
Kubhekwa njengesifo esibaluleke kakhulu esingahlasela ubhanana womthunzi, singabizwa nangokuthi i-blanquilla noma i-cenilla, kubhekwa njengesikhunta eyaziwa ngokwesayensi ngokuthi i-Microsphaera platani, inesibopho sokuhlasela amaqabunga neziqu ezincane, ngisho nezithelo nezimbali zayo. ; Esinye sezibonakaliso eziyinhloko ezibonwa ezihlahleni ukubonakala kwengubo emhlophe noma empunga, ebukeka njengempushane noma efana nekotini.
Yakheka ku-mycelia futhi i-conidia ihambisana nezitho zokuzalana kwe-asexual, enye yezinguquko ezibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yokuba khona kwalesi sikhunta yilapho amaqabunga eqala ukuphenduka aphuzi, aqale ukubuna, ukukhula kwawo kuyama futhi kuze kube yilapho ekugcineni omile. yona. Ukuze ugweme ukubonakala kwayo, kuhle ukusebenzisa umthamo wokuvimbela wesulfure futhi unciphise amathuba okuvela kwefungus.
- I-Corituca
Eyaziwa nangokuthi ingwe likabhanana, iwuhlobo lwezinambuzane zasehlathini ezihlasela ubhanana womthunzi kuphela, zinemibala emhlophe qhwa kanye namachashaza ambalwa amnyama endaweni emaphakathi nephiko. Ziwuhlobo lwezinambuzane ezihlasela amaqabunga esihlahla zize zilahlekelwe ukukhanya kwazo ngokuphelele futhi zikhiqize ukushintsha kokushisa kuze kube phuzi.
Umonakalo omkhulu obangelwa yilesi sinambuzane uwukubangela ukulunywa nokumunca ubisi olukhiqizwa amaqabunga, ngaphezu kokukhishwa kwesikhumba, ukwenza buthaka isiliva kuze kube yilapho somile futhi sifa. Ukulwa nalesi sinambuzane kungomjovo we-acephate ngqo esiqwini.
Sithemba ukuthi le ndatshana ibe wusizo kuwe, sikushiyela abanye ozokuthakasela ngokuqinisekile: