Umhlaba uyiqoqo lezinto ezisebenzisanayo, okwenza ukulingana okuphelele okuvumela ukuthuthukiswa kokuphila emhlabeni wonke. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umuntu uye wasungula izindlela zokusebenzisa imithombo yemvelo, okuvumela intuthuko eyanele yomphakathi ngezindlela ezihlukene kodwa futhi zibe nomthelela ekucekeleni phansi kwemvelo. Esihlokweni esilandelayo sizofunda ngokuthi Ukungcoliswa Kwemvelo Kuwuthinta Kanjani Iplanethi nokuthi yiziphi izixazululo ezingase zibe khona.
Ukungcola Kuyithinta Kanjani Iplanethi?
Iplanethi enguMhlaba iye yachayeka ezinguqukweni ezihlukahlukene kusukela ekuqaleni kwesikhathi, ukuyishintsha nokuyilungisa kuze kube yilapho isiyise ezigabeni ezintsha zokuziphendukela kwemvelo; kodwa kusukela ekungeneleleni komuntu ekuzuzeni izinsiza zakhe kanye nokwenza imisebenzi yezimboni, iye yashintsha indawo yemvelo ebangela ukuguqulwa kwayo nokungcolisa zonke izindawo. Konke lokhu kuyabonwa lapho kwenziwa izinqubo noma kusetshenziswa izinto ezishintsha ubumsulwa bendawo kanye nesimo sayo semvelo.
Ukungcola kwaziwa ngokuthi yonke into emele ukuqoqwa kwezinto eziyingozi endaweni ezungezile, okuthinta kabi indawo ezungezile. Futhi ingenye yezimbangela eziyinhloko zokuwohloka kwempilo yezinto eziphilayo, ngakho-ke ithonya izimo zokuphila zazo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Lawa ma-ejenti angcolisayo angaba amakhemikhali (izinto zemithi noma okuphuma ku-petroleum), ngokomzimba (udoti, udoti) kanye ne-biological (izinsalela zemithi).
Njengamanje, kunemiphumela eminingi ebangelwa ukungcola, njengokuthinteka kwemizimba yamanzi, ukunqwabelana kukadoti, ukulahlekelwa izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo kanye nembangela yezifo eziningi eziyingozi emashumini eminyaka amuva nje. . . Okwakamuva kungenye yezinto ezikhathaza kakhulu ukugcinwa kwempilo yomphakathi.
Ukufa okudalwa ukungcola emhlabeni wonke kusuka kubantu ababalelwa ezigidini eziyi-9 ngonyaka, lapho cishe ama-20% abathintekayo eChina, izwe eliyinhloko elibhalisa izifo ezihlobene nokungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ngokusho kocwaningo, ukungcola okunomthelela omkhulu emoyeni, kuqukethe lawo magesi ayingozi aqoqana emkhathini, athinta inani elikhulu lezimpilo, cishe izigidi ezingu-6,5 emhlabeni jikelele. Kulokhu, izwe ligqame ngokwethula izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokunqwabelana kwamagesi abamba ukushisa emadolobheni alo amakhulu.
Ngokubona konke lokhu, ukungcola kunethonya elinamandla endaweni ezungezile, kucekela phansi imvelo nokulimaza imvelo, kodwa kuphinde kube nomthelela ezintweni eziphilayo ezibanga izifo ezingaholela ekufeni, ziyanda izifo ezigqanyiswayo emphakathini.
Izimbangela Zokungcoliswa Kweplanethi
Ukungcola kuyincazelo ephathwa emhlabeni wonke, okuxoxwa ngayo ezindlini, ezikoleni, emahhovisi, ezingxoxweni zezombusazwe, phakathi kwezinye izenzakalo eziningi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kuyinto ekhathazayo, ngoba ibeka imvelo nezizukulwane ezizayo engcupheni, ngoba inesibopho sokukhokhisa izinsiza eziningi nempilo yabantu, uma iplanethi ihlala izinzile eminyakeni ezayo, kucatshangelwa ukuthi kunezimo zemvelo ezingathi sína. ekuwohlokeni okukhulu okubangelwa yikho.
Naphezu kolwazi esintwini ngomthelela onalo endaweni ezungezile, akukathathwa izinyathelo ezinqala ukuze kunqandwe umphumela wokungcola endaweni ezungezile. Imisebenzi yezimboni eyenziwa yizinkampani kanye nezimboni iyimbangela eyinhloko yokuguqulwa kwemvelo, kodwa futhi nezenzo ezincane ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, njengokusetshenziswa kokudla okuphekiwe, ukuqoqwa kwemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo kanye ne-inorganic, umthamo oweqile, phakathi kokunye.
Izimbangela eziyinhloko
Ukungcola kukhona kuzo zonke izindawo zomhlaba, okuhlanganisa izilinganiso ezinkulu njengokushabalala kwezinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane, ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo noma ngezikali ezincane njengamathini kadoti, umsindo omkhulu. Okulandelayo, amathonya ekuthintekeni kwenhlabathi azogqanyiswa, kuthathwe izici ezilandelayo:
Izibulala-zinambuzane Namakhemikhali
Kwezolimo, imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqeda noma ukugwema izinambuzane ezenza izitshalo zigule futhi zibangele ukufa kwazo, lolu hlobo lomkhiqizo lwaziwa ngokuthi isibulala-zinambuzane; Lezi zinhlobo zezinto zigqama ekukhipheni inqwaba yamagesi abamba ukushisa anamathela emkhathini futhi wonakalise ungqimba lwe-ozone, agcine enomthelela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukweqisa kwalolu hlobo lwento kungaba yingozi ezitshalweni nasemithonjeni yamanzi eseduze. Njengamanje, kunqunywe ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane, ngoba ziyizinto zamakhemikhali ezingahlala emanzini nasenhlabathini iminyaka eminingi, ngaphezu kokuba yingozi kakhulu empilweni yomuntu.
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi
Kunezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo kulo lonke iplanethi yomhlaba, kodwa izindawo ezinamahlathi zigqama ngenxa yokuba khona kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ezihlukene, ikakhulukazi izihlahla, ziyizinto eziphilayo ezivumela ukuhlanzwa komoya futhi zinikeze umoya-mpilo kuwo wonke umhlaba. Naphezu kwalokhu, emashumini eminyaka amuva nje kuye kwaphawulwa imikhuba ebangele ukucekelwa phansi kwamahlathi amaningi emhlabeni wonke, njengokugawulwa kwemithi ngokweqile, ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zasemadolobheni, ukukhishwa ngokweqile kwempahla eluhlaza (izinkuni).
Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukunwetshwa kwamahlathi alingana nePortugal noma iPanama kuyanyamalala minyaka yonke, kuhambisana nokunqwabelana kwamagesi emkhathini, kuyabonakala futhi kubonakale emvelweni, kuletha izifo ezimbi kakhulu kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kokudla, okuxhunyaniswa nokwandiswa kwe-monoculture kanye nemfuyo.
Imfucuza Yezimboni Nezasekhaya
Izimboni ziyaziwa ngokwenza izinqubo eziwusizo zokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo esetshenziswa umphakathi, njengezimonyo, iziphuzo, ukudla, phakathi kokunye, iningi lazo elisetshenziswa ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke. Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu okufanayo kubangela ukuthi izinqubo zezimboni zisebenze ngomphumela weketango, ukuthola impahla eluhlaza ngendlela eyeqisayo futhi ngaphandle kokuvikela imvelo, imfucuza ekhiqizwa ngemva kwalezi zinqubo ingenye yezimbangela eziyinhloko zokungcola namuhla.
Amafutha ezinsalela
Umthombo oyinhloko wamandla esintwini uvela ekuxhashazweni kwama-hydrocarbon ezindaweni ezihlukene zikawoyela ongahluziwe, le nto eluhlaza iyacutshungulwa ukuze kutholwe okuphuma kokunye okuhlukahlukene okuvumela ukuthola inhlobonhlobo yemikhiqizo. Ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwamalahle, uwoyela negesi yemvelo, kumelela enye yezinkomba eziyinhloko zokungcola, okuthinta umoya, inhlabathi kanye nemisinga yamanzi.
Uphethiloli wezinsalela umelela ukuqwashisa okukhulu ukongiwa kwemvelo, ikakhulukazi ukugcina ukuthuthukiswa okusimeme nokunakekela umhlabathi, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kuye kwasungulwa izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukongiwa komhlabathi ezizukulwaneni ezizayo; amandla aluhlaza asafufusa ahambisana nalawo asebenzisa izinsiza ezivuselelekayo njengomthombo oyinhloko, njengomoya, ukukhanya kwelanga nemisinga yamanzi.
Amazinga Aphezulu Okukhiqiza Udoti
Umphakathi uye wabonakala ngokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezimpahla, ikakhulukazi lezo ezicutshungulwa ngamaphakheji amaningi, njengamathini, ama-wrappers, ukudla okuthosiwe, phakathi kokunye; ukukhiqiza udoti omningi. Njengamanje kunenqwaba yemfucuza edala umonakalo emvelweni nasemvelweni.
Izixazululo Ezimelene Nokungcola
Ukungcola kwaziwa njengomphumela omubi wonke umuntu awaziyo kodwa bambalwa abakuthathayo. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, izinyathelo zezombangazwe nezikhungo ziye zathathwa ukunciphisa umthelela wokungcola emhlabeni, ngaphezu kokuqwashisa abantu emakhaya, ukwenza ukugcinwa kwemvelo kube umgomo, ngaleyo ndlela kubambisana ngokumelene nalesi simo esibi. Ezinye zezenzo ezithathiwe yilezi ezilandelayo ukuze zigqanyiswe:
Recycle Waste
Ukugaywa kabusha kuhlanganisa isenzo sokuguqula izinto ezilahliwe ukuthi zisetshenziswe njengezinye izinhlobo zemikhiqizo noma njengezinto ezingavuthiwe ezingaphinde zisetshenziselwe ezinye izinjongo. Enye yezinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko, okokuqala, ukwazi ukusebenzisa kabusha izinto esezivele ziwuqedile umjikelezo wazo wokuqala, futhi okwesibili, ivumela yonke imfucuza ukuthi ihlukaniswe ngalezo ezilungele ezinye izinjongo. Kuwuhlobo lomkhuba ongasetshenziswa usekhaya, ufundiswa komncane kakhulu ekhaya.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwezokuthutha Zomphakathi kanye Nezinye Izindlela Ezihlukile
Izinto zokuhamba ezisekelwe ekushisweni kwezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi ngokuvamile zikhipha amagesi amaningi ayingozi endaweni ezungezile Ukuze kuncishiswe lo mthelela, kutuswa ukusebenzisa amabhayisikili, izimoto zikagesi kanye nemigwaqo ehamba ngaphansi; Ngale ndlela, kungenzeka ukusebenzisana nokusimama kweplanethi, ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa.
Ukusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele
Imikhiqizo esetshenziswayo akufanele ibe ngeyokusetshenziswa kwenqwaba nezinto ezibonakalayo, kulokhu ukusetshenziswa okunesibopho kukhuthazwa ngezidingo zangempela. Ngale ndlela, isidingo sezinhlobo ezithile zemikhiqizo engcolisa kakhulu iyancipha futhi ngalokhu ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo kuyancishiswa, ngokubambisana nokunciphisa amagesi abamba ukushisa.
Ukwakhiwa Kwezingadi Ekhaya
Izingadi zasekhaya zivumela ukuthola izinsiza zokudla okunempilo kanye nokuzisebenzisela wena, okuvumela ukuqwashisa ngensiza yomhlabathi. Ngalokhu, izindlela zokutshala ezahlukene ziyaziwa, njengokufunda ngezitshalo zasentwasahlobo noma lezo ezinephunga elimnandi, ngokuvamile yizo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kulolu hlobo lwensimu yezithelo.
Sithemba ukuthi le ndatshana ibe wusizo, sikushiyela abanye ozokuthakasela ngokuqinisekile:
Imisebenzi yokuzijabulisa yokunakekela imvelo