Izihlahla zingofakazi buthule bomlando oqhubekayo ezizungezile. Kusukela emahlathini asendulo kuya emapaki asemadolobheni, isihlahla ngasinye siphethe indaba eyingqayizivele ebonakala eminyakeni yaso. Kodwa, Indlela yokwazi iminyaka yesihlahla?
Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izindlela ezahlukene ongazisebenzisa ukuze uthole ukuthi isihlahla besineminyaka emingaki. Naka, sizokutshela konke ngokushesha.
Growth rings: Indaba ebhalwe enhliziyweni yesihlahla
Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu nezinembile zokunquma iminyaka yesihlahla bala izindandatho zabo zokukhula. Unyaka ngamunye ngesikhathi sokukhula, izihlahla zinezela indandatho esiqwini sazo. Lezi zindandatho ziwubufakazi obuphathekayo bomjikelezo wokukhula waminyaka yonke, namasongo abanzi abonisa iminyaka yezimo ezivumayo kanye nezindandatho ezincane ezibonisa izikhathi ezinzima kakhulu.
Ukubala izindandatho, Ingxenye ephambanayo yesiqu somuthi yenziwa, eveza ukulandelana kwamasongo agxilile. Ungqimba lokuqala, olwaziwa ngokuthi i-heartwood, lumnyama futhi luminyene, kuyilapho ungqimba olungaphandle, olubizwa ngokuthi i-sapwood, lulula. Ukubala la masongo kunikeza isilinganiso esinembile sobudala besihlahla. Uma ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe mayelana umuthi womlotha, nayo enokukhula okuphawulekayo, ungabheka lesi sixhumanisi.
I-Dendrochronology: isikhathi esifakwe emasongweni
I-Dendrochronology idlulela ngale kokubala izindandatho kanye isebenzisa amaphethini okukhula ukufunda izehlakalo zesimo sezulu, ukuhlukahluka kwezinkathi ezithile zonyaka, kanye nezinguquko zemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lesi siyalo, ngaphezu kokunikeza ulwazi ngeminyaka yesihlahla, sinikeza iwindi eliyingqayizivele esikhathini esidlule sezulu sesifunda lapho sikhule khona.
Abacwaningi bangasebenzisa ulwazi olutholwe emasongweni esihlahla ukuze benze ukulandelana kwezikhathi kwesifunda okubizwa ngokuthi i-dendrochronological chronologies. Lokhu kulandelana idethi yosizo lwezehlakalo ezehlukene zezemvelo kusukela esikhathini esidlule (njengokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo noma imililo yamahlathi) ngenkathi inikela ekuqondeni amaphethini wesimo sezulu wesikhathi eside. Uma ungathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe izihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza, lolu lwazi kufanele luhlolwe.
Carbon-14 Ukuqomisana
I-Carbon-14 dating iyindlela yakudala yesayensi yokuqomisana neminyaka yezicubu ezifile. Amanye ama-radioisotopes angasetshenziswa, kodwa i-C-14 ilungele icala eliseduze futhi sizobona ukuthi kungani:
Izihlahla zihlanganisa i-carbon-14 ezicutshini zazo ngesikhutha esimunca emkhathini ngesikhathi se-photosynthesis. Lapho izihlahla zifa, ukwakheka kwe-carbon-14 kuncipha ezicutshini zazo ngenxa yokubola kwemisebe futhi iyinsalela ye-carbon isotope esetshenziselwa ukulinganisa ubudala besihlahla. Ngakho-ke, Ngokuhlaziya inani le-carbon-14 elisele kusampula yokhuni, isikhathi esidlulile kusukela ekufeni kwesihlahla singabalwa.
Nakuba le ndlela ifaneleka kakhulu ukuqomisana ngokhuni oluvela ezihlahleni ezindala, ibuye ifanele izihlahla ezincane. Sekukonke, iyithuluzi eliwusizo lokuhlola isikhathi esidlule sesihlahla. Ngokuvamile, izihlahla like the iphini Babonisa amaphethini athakazelisayo angafundwa ngale ndlela.
Ukukhula kwe-radial nezilinganiso ezingahlaseli
Akhona amanye amasu ahlasela kancane kunalawo ashiwo ukubala iminyaka yesihlahla. Lezi zindlela zigcina isimo sokuqala sokhuni, isimo esifiselekayo kwezinye izimo zokuhlola. Enye yalezi zindlela ihlanganisa ukukala ukukhula kwe-radial yesihlahla usebenzisa izinto zokusebenza ezifana ne-electronic dendrometers. Lawa madivayisi aqopha izinguquko kububanzi besiqu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, anikeze idatha engasetshenziswa ukulinganisa iminyaka yesihlahla. Uma ungathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe mayelana nendlela yokuthuthukisa ukukhula kwezihlahla engadini yakho, ungavakashela Lesi sihloko mayelana nezihlahla izingadi.
Amasu aqondile ezinhlobo ezahlukene nesimo sezulu
Uhlobo ngalunye lwesihlahla lunezici ezithile ezingaba nomthelela ekukhethweni kwendlela efanelekile yokunquma ubudala baso. Ezinye izinhlobo, njenge amaphayini anamasongo okukhula ahluke kakhulu, kuyilapho abanye, njenge Izihlahla ezikhula kancane zingadinga izindlela ezikhethekile.
Futhi, indlela isihlahla esisabela ngayo endaweni yaso ingathinta ukuchazwa kwezindandatho. Isibonelo, izihlahla ezisezindaweni ezomile zingase zibe nezindandatho ezibanzi eminyakeni yokuna kwemvula eningi, kanti izihlahla ezisezindaweni ezimanzi zingase zibonise amasongo abanzi eminyakeni eyomile ngenxa yokuncintisana okukhulayo kwelanga. Ungangena ujule esihlokweni se ubhabhulini ezethula izici ezithize kakhulu ekukhuleni kwazo.
Isiko lomdabu
Kwamanye amasiko endabuko, ukunquma iminyaka yezihlahla sekuyindlela yobuciko. Ngezindlela ezisekelwe ekuqapheliseni Kusukela ekumeni kwesihlahla, ukuthungwa kwegxolo nezinye izici ezibonakalayo, izakhamuzi zendawo Bangakwazi ukulinganisa iminyaka yezihlahla ngokunembile ngokumangalisayo. Lolu lwazi seludluliselwe ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane, luthuthukisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwemiphakathi nendawo yayo yemvelo.
Iminyaka yezihlahla: ofakazi abathule besikhathi esedlule
Ukunquma iminyaka yesihlahla kusinikeza iwindi lesikhathi esedlule futhi kuwubufakazi bangempela bokuphikelela kwemvelo nokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Kusukela ezindleleni zendabuko zokubala indandatho kuye kumasu ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu njenge-dendrochronology kanye ne-carbon-14 dating, ucwaningo lweminyaka yezihlahla luyaqhubeka, lusinika izilinganiso ezinembe kakhulu.
Isihlahla ngasinye, isibazi ngasinye okhunini, iconsi ngalinye lencindi eqinile... kuwubufakazi obuyingqayizivele balokho okwake kwenzeka, isipho esibethelwe kusukela esikhathini esidlule emhlabeni wethu. Ngakho-ke, ukuqomisana neminyaka yezihlahla kuyisivivinyo sokuhlola esidlulela ngale kokuqomisana nje.
