Izihlahla zingofakazi abathule bomlando oqhubeka nxazonke zazo. Kusukela emahlathini asendulo kuya emapaki asemadolobheni, umuthi ngamunye uphethe indaba ehlukile ebonakala eminyakeni yawo. Kodwa ungawubona kanjani ubudala bomuthi?
Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izindlela ezahlukene ongazisebenzisa ukuze uthole ukuthi isihlahla besineminyaka emingaki. Naka, sizokutshela konke ngokushesha.
Growth rings: Indaba ebhalwe enhliziyweni yesihlahla
Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu nezinembile zokunquma ubudala bomuthi ukubala izindandatho zokukhula kwawo. Unyaka ngamunye, ngesikhathi sokukhula, izihlahla zengeza indandatho esiqwini sazo. Lezi zindandatho ziwubufakazi obubonakalayo bomjikelezo wokukhula wonyaka, kanye nezindandatho ezibanzi ezibonisa iminyaka yezimo ezinhle kanye nezindandatho ezincane ezibonisa izikhathi ezinzima kakhulu.
Ukuze kubalwe amasongo, kwenziwa ingxenye evundlile yesiqu somuthi, okwembula uchungechunge lwamasongo aqondile . Ingqimba yokuqala, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-heartwood, imnyama futhi iminyene, kanti ungqimba olungaphandle, olubizwa ngokuthi i-sapwood, lulula. Ukubala la masongo kunikeza isilinganiso esinembile sobudala bomuthi. Uma ungathanda ukufunda kabanzi ngomuthi womlotha , okhula ngendlela emangalisayo, ungabheka lesi sixhumanisi.
I-Dendrochronology: isikhathi esifakwe emasongweni
I-Dendrochronology idlula ukubalwa kwendandatho futhi isebenzisa amaphethini okukhula ukuze ifunde izehlakalo zesimo sezulu, ukuhlukahluka kwezinkathi zonyaka, kanye nezinguquko zemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lo mkhakha, ngaphezu kokunikeza ulwazi mayelana nobudala bomuthi, unikeza ifasitela eliyingqayizivele lesikhathi esidlule sesimo sezulu sesifunda lapho wakhula khona.
Abacwaningi bangasebenzisa ulwazi oluvela emasongweni ezihlahla ukudala izikhathi zesifunda ezibizwa ngokuthi i-dendrochronology. Lezi zikhathi zesikhathi zisiza ukuthola usuku lwezenzakalo ezahlukene zemvelo ezedlule (njengokuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo noma imililo yasendle) ngenkathi futhi zisiza ekuqondeni kwethu amaphethini esimo sezulu sesikhathi eside. Uma unesifiso sokufunda kabanzi ngezihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza , lolu lwazi lufanelekile ukuhlola.
Carbon-14 Ukuqomisana
I-Carbon-14 dating iyindlela yakudala yesayensi yokuqomisana neminyaka yezicubu ezifile. Amanye ama-radioisotopes angasetshenziswa, kodwa i-C-14 ilungele icala eliseduze futhi sizobona ukuthi kungani:
Izihlahla zifaka i-carbon-14 ezicutshini zazo ngokusebenzisa i-carbon dioxide emuncwa emoyeni ngesikhathi se-photosynthesis. Lapho izihlahla zifa, okuqukethwe yi-carbon-14 ezicutshini zazo kuncipha ngenxa yokubola kwemisebe, futhi yisilinganiso esisele sale isotope yekhabhoni esisetshenziselwa ukulinganisa ubudala besihlahla. Ngakho-ke, ngokuhlaziya inani le-carbon-14 elisele kusampula yokhuni, isikhathi esidlulile kusukela ukufa kwesihlahla singabalwa.
Nakuba le ndlela ifaneleka kakhulu ekutholeni isikhathi sokhuni lwezihlahla ezindala, isebenza futhi nasezihlahleni ezincane; ngokuvamile, iyithuluzi eliwusizo lokuhlola umlando wesihlahla. Izihlahla ezifana nephayini zivame ukubonisa amaphethini athakazelisayo angafundwa kusetshenziswa le ndlela.
Ukukhula kwe-radial nezilinganiso ezingahlaseli
Kunezinye izindlela ezingangenisi kakhulu kunezo ezishiwoyo zokunquma ubudala bomuthi. Lezi zindlela zigcina isimo sokuqala somuthi, isimo esifiselekayo kwezinye izimo zokuhlola. Enye indlela enjalo ihilela ukulinganisa ukukhula kwe-radial komuthi kusetshenziswa imishini efana nama-dendrometer kagesi. Lawa madivayisi aqopha izinguquko kububanzi besiqu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, enikeza idatha engasetshenziswa ukulinganisa ubudala bomuthi. Uma ungathanda ukufunda kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokuthuthukisa ukukhula komuthi engadini yakho, ungavakashela lesi sihloko ngezihlahla zengadi.
Amasu aqondile ezinhlobo ezahlukene nesimo sezulu
Uhlobo ngalunye lwesihlahla lunezici ezithile ezingathonya ukukhethwa kwendlela efanele kakhulu yokunquma ubudala baso. Ezinye izinhlobo, njengezihlahla zikaphayini, zinezindandatho zokukhula ezihlukile , kanti ezinye, njengezihlahla ezikhula kancane, zingadinga izindlela ezikhethekile kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho , indlela umuthi osabela ngayo endaweni yawo ingathinta ukuchazwa kwezindandatho zawo. Isibonelo, izihlahla ezindaweni ezomile zingaba nezindandatho ezibanzi eminyakeni yemvula eningi, kanti izihlahla ezindaweni ezimanzi zingase zibonise izindandatho ezibanzi eminyakeni eyomile ngenxa yokuncintisana okukhulu kwelanga. Ungangena ngokujulile esihlokweni se- poplar , esibonisa izici ezithile zokukhula.
Isiko lomdabu
Kwamanye amasiko abomdabu, ukunquma ubudala bezihlahla sekuyindlela yobuciko. Besebenzisa izindlela ezisekelwe ekubukeni ukuma kwesihlahla, ukuthungwa kwamagxolo, kanye nezinye izici ezibonakalayo, abantu bendawo bangalinganisa ubudala bezihlahla ngokunemba okumangalisayo. Lolu lwazi luye lwadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane, okwandisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwemiphakathi nendawo yazo yemvelo.
Iminyaka yezihlahla: ofakazi abathule besikhathi esedlule
Ukunquma iminyaka yesihlahla kusinikeza iwindi lesikhathi esedlule futhi kuwubufakazi bangempela bokuphikelela kwemvelo nokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Kusukela ezindleleni zendabuko zokubala indandatho kuye kumasu ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu njenge-dendrochronology kanye ne-carbon-14 dating, ucwaningo lweminyaka yezihlahla luyaqhubeka, lusinika izilinganiso ezinembe kakhulu.
Umuthi ngamunye, isibazi ngasinye okhunini, ithonsi ngalinye lejusi eliqinile… kuyibufakazi obuhlukile balokho okwake kwenzeka, isipho esifihliwe esivela esikhathini esidlule seplanethi yethu. Ngakho-ke, izihlahla zokuthandana ziwumzamo wokuhlola odlula ukuthandana nje.
