Isitshalo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Cuna de Moisés noma i-Espatifilos, izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo zohlobo I-Spathiphylum sp., yomndeni wakwa-Araceae odabuka emahlathini ashisayo aseNingizimu Melika, asakazwa emazweni ahlukene eplanethi. Emazweni abandayo zitshalwa ezindlini ezishisayo nasezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-horticultural zalolu hlobo. Ngiyakumema ukuthi wazi ukuthi ungayinakekela kanjani iCradle of Moses.
Inkosi KaMose
I-Cradle of Moses eyaziwa kakhulu (Isikhafufula sp.) udabuka emahlathini ashisayo asenyakatho yeNingizimu Melika ukusuka eVenezuela, Colombia, ePeru nase-Ecuador, usatshalaliswa ezindaweni lapho ivela khona phakathi kwezinga lolwandle kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-1.200 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-30 nama-hybrids amaningi aziwayo. uhlobo S. walisii, iye yasakazwa njengezitshalo emazweni amaningi omhlaba.
Ku-horticulture, kutshalwe ama-hybrids amaningi nezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukile kwezasekuqaleni ngokuba nama-spathe amakhulu noma ama-inflorescence akhangayo. Emazweni apholile atshalwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo noma ezindaweni ezifudumalayo zasendlini. Igama lalolu hlobo Isikhafufula livela egameni lesiGreki i-spathe kusho ukuthini i-spathe futhi "i-phyllon" iqabunga, amagama agqamisa i-spathe enkulu emhlophe ezungeze izimbali zayo.
Kuyisitshalo esilinywa kabanzi emazweni anesimo sezulu esipholile okulula ukusithenga ezindlini zokuthengisa izitshalo, ngezindleko ezithengekayo futhi izinhlobo zaso ziguquguquka kakhulu futhi zikhangayo, zingathengwa ngamasayizi ahlukene ukusuka kumasentimitha ayi-10 nje ukuya phezulu. 60 amasentimitha. Ziyizitshalo ezingapheli okulula ukuzinakekela, ngoba zikhula ezindaweni ezinomthunzi zingaqhakaza endlini, ukuqhakaza kwazo kuhlala isikhathi eside futhi uma zinakekelwa kahle, ukuqhakaza kwazo kuzoba lula ukufeza, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izitshalo.
Izici
Kuyisitshalo se-herbaceous, esingamasentimitha ayi-10 kuya ku-30 ubude, esinamaqabunga angapheli, esingenasiqu (i-acaule) noma esifushane kakhulu. Amaqabunga awo abukeka njengezinselele ngenxa yokuthi made futhi a-lanceolate, aminyene onqenqemeni olungenhla noma phezulu futhi ancipha phansi. Amaqabunga awo anobambo oluphakathi nendawo olumasentimitha angama-26 ukuya kwangu-30 ubude kanye namasentimitha ayisi-6 kuya kwayisi-8 ububanzi.
Inama-petioles aluhlaza amade kunocezu lwamaqabunga amaqabunga awo futhi ikhula i-inflorescence omude kunamaqabunga, ene-spathe emhlophe emise okwe-concave ephenduka ibe luhlaza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ephakathi kuka-12 kuya ku-14 amasentimitha. I-apex ye-spa yinde isikhathi eside. Ine-spadix emhlophe, encane kune-spathe, egcwele izimbali ezivundile ze-hermaphroditic. Kwesinye isikhathi i-inflorescence iphuma ibe luhlaza ngombala futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ishintshe ibe mhlophe bese iphenduka ibe luhlaza ngaphambi kokufa. Izimbali zawo zikhula unyaka wonke.
Ukunakekelwa
I-Cradles of Moses izitshalo ezikhula kahle zithola ukukhanya kwelanga okungaqondile, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi zibekwe eduze kwefasitela lapho zithola khona ukukhanya okuhle okungaqondile. Njengoba ziyizitshalo zasezindaweni ezishisayo, amazinga okushisa ezijwayela kahle kuwo aphakathi kuka-15°C kuya ku-25°C. Ukunisela kufanele kuhlinzekwe kaningi ezinyangeni zasehlobo, futhi kube ngamanani amancane kanye nangemvamisa ezinyangeni zasebusika. Ziyizitshalo ezithanda umswakama ophezulu wemvelo, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi ukhokhe noma uvundise ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo nehlobo. Ukuqhakaza kwayo kusentwasahlobo futhi kunconywa ukuthi kutshalwe kabusha njalo eminyakeni emibili.
I-Iluminación
I-espatifilo noma i-Cuna de Moisés, ikhula kahle ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okuhle okufinyelela kuyo ngokungaqondile. Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi uyibeke ngokukhanya okuphezulu kodwa imisebe yelanga ingafinyeleli esitshalweni ngokuqondile. Kugcizelelwa ukuthi imisebe yelanga ayikhanyisi ngqo emaqabunga, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi aphenduke aphuzi noma ashise futhi angawa.
Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi indawo lapho ongakhulisa khona izitshalo ze-Cradle of Moses ibe nokukhanya kwelanga okuncane, lokhu kuzoholela ekutheni isitshalo sikhule kahle ekukhanyeni okuphansi kodwa singaqhakazi, sihlale esimweni sokumila futhi sijabulela amaqabunga awo anombala omuhle. Uma ufuna ukubona iCradle of Moses ichuma, kufanele uyisuse ukuze ithole ukukhanya okuhle.
Ukushisa
Kuyisitshalo, njengoba sidabuka ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNingizimu Melika, kufanele sikhule emazingeni okushisa aphakathi kuka-15°C no-25°C. I-Cuna de Moisés ayimelani namazinga okushisa aphansi kanye nesithwathwa esincane, ngakho-ke uma uzokhula ezweni elinesimo sezulu esishisayo, kufanele ukwenze ngaphakathi kwendlu lapho kushisa khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze ucabangele lezi zigaba zokushisa ukuze uzikhulise, kufanele uqaphele ama-air currents kanye noshintsho olusheshayo lokushisa ngoba lokhu kuthinta lawa ma-cove amahle.
Ukunisela
Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okunisela kuncike ezimweni zezulu zezinkathi zonyaka ezahlukene. Ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukuchelela okuningi, njalo uqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi ihlala inomswakama kodwa ingagcwali amanzi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi i-substrate ingashisi ngokuphelele. Enkathini yasebusika, ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Cradle of Moses akudingeki ukuthi ithole ukuchelela okuningi ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphansi. Lokhu kuchelela kuzosetshenziswa uma umhlabathi womile.
Umswakama
Izitshalo ezikhula emvelweni ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophezulu njengamahlathi ashisayo. Ngenxa yalezi Cradles of Moses, uma uzikhulisela ekhaya kufanele uzinikeze umswakama owengeziwe lapho uqaphela ukuthi isihloko noma isihloko samaqabunga sibukeka somile. Uma kwenzeka uhlala endaweni enomswakama ophansi, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi uzikhulise kanye nezinye izitshalo ezidinga umswakama ophezulu njenge-Calateas noma i-Marantas, ukuba ndawonye kuzodala i-microclimate ukuze ulondoloze umswakama endaweni.
Ngendlela efanayo, zinganikezwa umswakama ngokubeka ibhodwe leCradle of Moses epuletini elinamatshe athile noma uhlalwane olugcwele amanzi, amatshe azogcina ibhodwe liphezulu futhi ngaleyo ndlela agcine iCradle of Moses plant noma i-peace lily. futhi, inhlabathi ngeke ibe manzi. Futhi, kukhona inketho yokufafaza amanzi emaqabunga esitshalo cishe kathathu ngesonto futhi uma imvelo yomile kakhulu nsuku zonke. Okokugcina, uma unethuba futhi unezitshalo eziningi ezithanda ukuswakama, thenga isishicileli esizosiza ukukhiqiza umswakama endaweni.
Ukuvundisa noma umanyolo
Kunconywa ukuvundisa izitshalo zaseCunas de Moisés ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ngenkathi yasehlobo, ngoba yisikhathi sonyaka lapho lezi zitshalo zikhula khona kakhulu futhi ngenxa yalokho zimunca imisoco eminingi enhlabathini nasemanzini eziwasebenzisayo. ukuqhubeka nokukhula nokwenza imiqumbe yezimbali nokuqhakaza. Ngenxa yalokhu, umanyolo wemvelo noma wamakhemikhali kufanele unikezwe ngesilinganiso esanele ukondla i-Cradle of Moses futhi ngaphandle kokulimaza isitshalo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, landela imiyalelo yomthamo ophakanyiswe umenzi futhi uma ucabanga ukuthi kuningi, beka isigamu, kungcono ukungeza kancane futhi ugcine izitshalo ziphilile.
Izimbali
Izibonelo ze-Cuna de Moisés noma i-spathiphyll ziqhakaza kakhulu uma zikhula ezimeni ezinhle zokukhanya okuphezulu kanye nomswakama wendawo. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, izitshalo ze-Cradle of Moses ezingaqhakazi zingase zikhule ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okuncane kwesitshalo. Ungase ucabange ukuthi uthola ukukhanya okuhle, kodwa kuvela ukuthi izitshalo zizwela kakhulu ekukhanyeni kunabantu.
Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukuvuselela ukuqhakaza kwezimbali, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi uguqule i-Cradle of Moses ibe indawo enokukhanya kwelanga okungaqondile, izinga lokushisa elifudumele elingama-20 ° C kanye nomswakama omuhle wemvelo, ongafinyelelwa ngokufafaza amaqabunga. tshala bese ubeka ibhodwe epuletini elinamanzi anamatshe athile noma amatshe ukuze ibhodwe lingawathinti amanzi bese liwakhipha emva kwemizuzu eyi-10. Futhi, gcina inhlabathi imanzi kodwa ingagcwali amanzi.
Ukutshala nokutshala kabusha
Kuyisitshalo esingaphila iminyaka eminingi uma sithola ukwelashwa okuhle. Ukuze iCradle of Moses ikhule inempilo isikhathi eside, kulula ukuyidlulisela kwelinye ibhodwe njalo eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu, ngenkathi yasentwasahlobo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ibhodwe elisha kufanele libe ngamasentimitha amathathu noma amane ububanzi noma lishone kunebhodwe elidala, ukuze iCradle of Moses ikhulise izimpande zayo kangcono futhi ngaleyo ndlela ichume kangcono.
Uma uzoyitshala endaweni engadini, kuyanconywa futhi ukuthi utshale iCradle of Moses ngenkathi yasentwasahlobo (emazweni angenazo izinkathi zonyaka kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kuqale izimvula), ngoba yilapho izinga lokushisa elilinganiselwe elilinganiselwe. kukhona 15 ° C, ithanda ukukhula kwalesi sitshalo. Khumbula ukuthi kufanele uyitshale ngaphansi kwesihlahla ukuze ithole ukukhanya kwelanga okungaqondile, futhi umswakama ugcinwe, njengoba kwenzeka emvelweni.
Vula imbobo enesilinganiso esingamasentimitha angama-50 x 50, faka umanyolo oxutshwe ne-perlite kuleyo mbobo, ngenani elilinganayo kokubili bese uhlanganisa, bese ubeka i-Cradle of Moses phakathi nendawo, uqinisekise ukuthi ayiphezulu kakhulu noma ukujula kakhulu, Ngalokhu, qinisekisa ukuthi izimpande zezimpande lapho isitshalo singamasentimitha angu-2 ngaphansi komhlabathi namanzi.
Ukubhebhetheka
Ingasakazwa ngokuhlukanisa amathila ayo noma ngamahlumela ezithombo ezimila phansi kwesitshalo sikamama. Ziyizitshalo ezingezwani nokukhanya, ngakho zidinga izindawo ezinomthunzi, zona zithole ukukhanya okuhle ekuseni noma ntambama. Inhlabathi yokulima yaseCuna de Moisés kumele ivundile, ibe ne-drainage enhle, idinga ukuchelela njalo kodwa ngaphandle kokukhukhula inhlabathi, ngoba lokhu kungabola izimpande.
Izinambuzane
Izitshalo zaseCuna de Moisés zisengozini yokuhlaselwa izinambuzane ezinjengezibungu nezinambuzane kanye nama-microorganisms abangela izifo, lapho zikhula ezindaweni ezingafanele ukukhula kwazo kahle noma zihlushwa ukuntuleka komsoco okuzivimbela ekuzivikeleni ezitheni zazo zemvelo. nokugula. Ngalesi sizathu, kufanele banikezwe ukunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu uma ufuna ukugcina i-Cradle of Moses inempilo. Phakathi kwezilwane ezihlasela lesi sitshalo kungaphawulwa:
- izibungu Ziyizilwane ezincane ezinesilinganiso esingaphansi kwamasentimitha angu-0,5 ubude futhi eziphazamisa isitshalo, zibeke emaqabunga, zidle izicubu zazo zamangqamuzana. Isibungu esaziwa ngokuthi "isicabucabu esibomvu" siyagqama, esiluka ulwembu, yingakho igama laso lansuku zonke futhi esingakhohlisa umlimi futhi sikholelwe ukuthi siyisicabucabu. Ilawulwa nge-acaricide.
- Ama-aphid noma ama-aphid. Lezi zinambuzane zibulala i-Cradle of Moses, zidla ubisi lwamaqabunga nezimbali. Umbala we-aphid ungaba ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani, onsundu noma omnyama. Ukuze ulawuleke, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kufakwe isibulala-zinambuzane samakhemikhali njenge-chlorpyrifos, noma izibulala-zinambuzane zemvelo ezifana namafutha e-neem noma insipho ye-potassium.
- Impukane emhlophe. Lesi sinambuzane esincane siwumiyane omhlophe omunca ubisi lwe-Cradle of Moses. Ukuze uyilawule, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kufakwe i-chlorpyrifos, noma izibulala-zinambuzane zemvelo ezifana ne-neem oil extract kanye nensipho ye-potassium.
Phakathi kwezimpawu zezifo ezibangelwa ama-microorganisms ezinambuzane ezifana nesikhunta segenera Phytopthora, Cylindrocladium, Cercospora y Colleotricum, Ibangelwa ukweqisa kwamaza okunisela, angaqanjwa ngokuthi: amabala ansundu emaqabunga, amabala a-chlorotic emaqabunga, ukubola kwamaqabunga nezimpande, ukuncipha kokukhula kanye nezimpawu zokudabuka esitshalweni. Lezi zimpawu zingelapheka ngama-fungicides afana ne-Aliette, ingxenye yayo esebenzayo i-Fosetil-Al, futhi futhi ngokusika izingxenye ezilimele futhi yebo ukunciphisa imvamisa yokunisela.
Ngikumema ukuthi uqhubeke nokwazi imvelo emangalisayo nokuthi ungayinakekela kanjani, ufunda okuthunyelwe okulandelayo: