USimón Bolívar ungumholi ohlonishwa kakhulu we-Independence of America, ngakho-ke, i -Song to Bolívar noma inkondlo yokunqoba kukaJunín, ingenye yemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi; lokhu kuyinkondlo kaJosé Joaquín de Olmedo eyabhalwa ngonyaka ka-1825 edolobheni laseGuayaquil Ecuador, ngenhloso yokuphakamisa iBolívar nokuncoma ukunqoba kukaJunín eziNhlonhlweni zasePeru.
Ihubo lokufingqa le-Bolívar
Abanye bayibiza ngokuthi inkondlo, ingoma kaJunín , noma ukunqoba kwenkondlo kaJunín.
Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi inkondlo ethi "Song to Bolívar" imayelana nani, usesihlokweni esifanele. Ezigabeni ezilandelayo, uzothola ulwazi oludingayo ngalesi sihloko, uphendule yonke imibuzo yakho kanye nokungabaza okuhlobene nokunqoba eJunín kanye nengoma ethi "Song to Bolívar."
Inkondlo ethi "Canto a Bolívar" noma "Canto a Junín" yabhalwa yimbongi uJosé Joaquín de Olmedo edolobheni laseGuayaquil, e-Ecuador. Kamuva yanyatheliswa emazweni afana neNgilandi, iFrance, iPeru, kanye nakulo lonke elaseLatin America. Lo msebenzi omkhulu ubhekwa njengenkondlo ebaluleke kakhulu nevelele ebhalwe ngesiSpanishi phakathi nekhulu le-19.
Umbhali weCanto a Bolívar, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, nguJosé Joaquín de Olmedo, unocwaningo lukaRaúl Vallejo olungeza konke okuhlobene nezombusazwe kanye nobuhle, futhi unesandulela sikaFernando Iwasaki esenza inkondlo ihlangane endaweni Izincwadi zeSpanishi ezinomongo wangaleso sikhathi, ezinogqozi lokunqoba kukaJunín kanye nomsebenzi owenziwa umkhululi uSimón Bolívar.
Ngiculela u-Bindawo yomnqumo ukuhlaziywa
Ngokuhunyushwa kwengoma eya kuBolívar, inkululeko, umzabalazo kanye namandla alo mlingisi womlando kuchazwa ngokuningiliziwe. Ngale ndlela, kuba sobala ukuthi ingoma eya kuBolívar imayelana nani noma ukuthi inkondlo ethi "Ukunqoba kukaJunín" imayelana nani, njengoba ingumsebenzi ofanayo, kuphela onesihloko esiyinhloko nesesibili, futhi izikhathi ezibaluleke kakhulu zezimpi nazo ziyaqokonyiswa.
[su_note] Kulo msebenzi, kubhekwa ukuthi uhlukaniswe kanjani izingxenye ezimbili lapho kuboniswa khona ukunqoba kukaJunín nokunqoba kwe-Ayacucho; futhi phakathi kwabo u-de Olmedo udalula lokho ama-American Creoles ababengabaxhasi abazimele ababekufisa futhi aphinde adalule ukuthi umthetho wamakholoni wephuliwe. [/inothi_lakho]
Ngale ndlela, inkondlo iqala lapho ama-Hispanics exoshwa ukuduma nombani owela eJunín, ngakho banquma ukumemezela iBolívar njengomxazululi wokuthula nempi. Khona-ke, umbhali ukhomba e-Los Andes, indawo lapho umzabalazo phakathi kwama-patriots namaSpanishi kwenzeka, futhi wenza ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwemibhoshongo yaseGibhithe kanye ne-Andes.
Indlela uBolívar afaka ngayo isibindi emabuthweni akhe iboniswa futhi ama-patriots aphakanyisiwe, phakathi kwawo agqamile: uMiller, uNecochea, uCarvajal, uSilva, phakathi kwabanye. Ngakho-ke ukwenza ukuqhathanisa phakathi kokubaluleka kwama-patriots nenani lamaGreki.
Ngokufanayo, lapho inkulumo kaBolívar isiphelile, wonke umuntu uya enkundleni yempi, lapho ukulwa kuqala khona futhi kuzwakala izikhali. UBolívar namabutho akhe bafika eLima, ePeru, egcwele amabhanela okumamukela, futhi ngaleyondlela ukunqoba kuyagujwa ekugcineni.
Inkondlo yokunqoba kukaJunin isifinyezo
Kanye nesifinyezo senkondlo ethi "Ukunqoba kukaJunín ," kufakwe nokuhlaziywa kokunqoba kukaJunín , okwenza ulwazi olufundayo luphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma unesithakazelo sokufunda okwengeziwe ngenkondlo ethi "Ukunqoba kukaJunín ," sinikeze lonke ulwazi olufanele ngezansi.
Ngalolu hlelo, enkondlweni ethi El Canto a Bolívar isithombe somkhululi siyakhuliswa kanye nesamabutho akhe anqoba izikhathi ezahlukene. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukunqotshwa kwamaNdiya ngokufika kwabaseSpain kuyakhunjulwa futhi kukhuthaza amasosha aseBolívar ukuthi awaxoshe ngokuqinisekile ngezikhali zawo.
Imbongi izama ukuvuselela okwedlule kwendabuko yase-Andean, lapho kungenzeka khona ukugqamisa ubuholi nombono umkhululi ayenawo maqondana nabo, ichaza izenzo zezempi futhi izwakalise intando eyazalelwa kubantu ukuhlanganisa inkululeko ezwenikazi lonke. .
Umongo womlando wenkondlo engiyiculela i-Bolívar
Umongo womlando wenkondlo ethi "Canto a Bolívar " uhambelana neminyaka yawo-1820, isikhathi lapho lonke elaseLatin America lalilangazelela inkululeko futhi lalilungele ukufeza inkululeko. Le mibono yayigxile kakhulu kulo lonke izwekazi, ikakhulukazi ngemva kwemizamo eminingana ehlulekile eyashiya abantu abaningi kanye nabathandi bezwe befile. Le mibono yokuzimela kanye noguquko yathonywa yiNguquko yaseFrance kanye neNguquko yaseMelika.
Ngale ndlela, ongqondongqondo besikhathi basekela imbangela yokudala inkathi yegolide lapho abalobi abafana no-Andrés Bello, uJosé Joaquín de Olmedo, u-Eugenio Espejo, uJuan de Velasco, uPedro Vicente Maldonado, phakathi kwabanye, kubonakala; osebenzise ipeni nokubhala ukuze angenelele kulolu hlelo. Imibhalo yalaba babhali nayo yabambisana ekwakhiweni kabusha kwamazwe abesevele enenkululeko.
[su_box title=»Ingoma eya e-Bolivar» irediyasi=»6″][su_youtube url=»https://youtu.be/C40CCjSoMpc»][/su_youtube][/su_box]
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlaziywa kwenkondlo ethi "The Victory of Junín" noma "Song to Bolívar" kwenziwa ngenhloso yokubonisa ukuthi umsebenzi ugcwele ugqozi oluvela ezimpini ezimbili zempi ezisekela ukuzimela, okuyimpi kaJunín kanye nempi ka-Ayacucho; ukucula injabulo yaseMelika yokuxosha amaSpanish kulezi zinqaba.
[su_note]Lezi zimpi zenzeke ePeru ePampa de Junín, ngosuku luka-August 6, 1824. Ukunqoba kukaJunín nabalweli benkululeko kwakuhlanganisa nokuxoshwa kweqembu elibaluleke kakhulu elalisamile, elihambisana nenkosi yasebukhosini. ezempi; ukwazi ukuvala ngale ndlela ukuzimela kwePeru.[/su_note]
Kungaphethwa ngokuthi umongo womlando wengoma kaBolívar wawusenkathini lapho umqondo oyinhloko wawuyinkululeko, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yafinyelelwa kanjani.
Isakhiwo senkondlo yokunqoba kukaJunín
Isakhiwo senkondlo ethi "Ingoma eya eBolívar" kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezincwadi zenkondlo ethi "Ingoma eya eBolívar" kuvezwe ngezansi:
[su_note]Ingoma eya kuBolívar noma inkondlo eya kuBolívar inezigaba ezingu-81 namavesi angu-960 ohlobo lwe-heptasyllabic (ama-syllable angu-7) kanye ne-hendecasyllabic (ama-syllable angu-11), eqala ngale ndlela ngengoma yokunqoba ememezela uBolívar njengomhlaziyi wokuthula nempi.[/su_note]
Ngokuhlaziya kwencwadi yenkondlo ethi "Ukunqoba kukaJunín noma iNgoma eya eBolívar", inani lezigaba namagama, amavesi, kanye nohlobo lokuhlukaniswa okusetshenziswe ngokuya ngamandla aphinyiselwa ngawo noma indlela yokuphimisela kwawo kuchazwa ngokuningiliziwe.
Umbhali ube esehlanganisa umbhalo, owethulwa njengenkondlo , ukunqoba eJunín , noma ingoma eya kuJunín, ukuqhathanisa okuthile phakathi kwamaphiramidi aseGibhithe nama-Andes, ethi "phezu kwezisekelo zawo zegolide" bazomemezela igama loMkhululi kuze kube phakade. Ngemibuzo eyengeziwe, imbongi ibe isiveza uBolívar kanye nombukiso wamaqhawe.
Okulandelayo, ukulandisa kuyaqala, kuchaza iMpi yaseJunín nokuthi yini eyaholela ekunqobeni kwabo, kanye nokubonakala kwe-Inca Huayna Capac, bese kuchazwa incazelo yeMpi yase-Ayacucho. Ekugcineni, umsebenzi uphetha ngencazelo yogu lwase-Ecuador futhi u-Olmedo ubonga iminyuziyamu yakhe, kuhlanganise nokuthi uzobuyela endaweni yakubo.
Ukuhlaziywa kwenkondlo ethi Canto a Bolívar
Enkondlweni yakhe ethi "Canto a Bolívar ," uJosé Joaquín de Olmedo wethula izenzakalo ngokwehlukile, exhumanisa izinto eziqanjiwe, ezenzeka ngesikhathi esithile, nezici zangempela noma izenzakalo eziqanjiwe ezenzeka ngaleso sikhathi esifanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbhali usebenzisa ukulandisa njengendlela yakhe yokukhuluma, futhi kwezinye izingxenye, ukubhala okuchazayo kanye nengxoxo kungabonakala.
Kwezinye izimo, i-epic ayibhalwanga, kodwa itshelwe ngomlomo ngama-rhapsodists futhi ithoni yomsebenzi isekelwe enjabulweni futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke ekunqobeni kwezimpi ezilwiwa umkhululi uSimón Bolívar namabutho akhe lapho balwa khona ngokumelene no- abaseSpain futhi ngivuna ama-libertas. Ngale ndlela, kungenzeka ukukhombisa kalula yonke imizwa u-de Olmedo alandisa ngayo izimpumelelo nokunqoba kuka-Bolívar.
Lolu hlobo lwezinkondlo lubonakala ngokuba nenhloso yokulandisa ngobuqhawe bomcimbi onabantu ababeyinganekwane enezwi elithile lenganekwane noma ngezindikimba zohlobo lwamaqhawe. I-El Canto a Bolívar iqala kanje, ngesimo esenza umfundi asole noma abe nesandulela sokunqoba esinikezwe umlingiswa obalulekile endabeni.
Ube esechaza indima yendawo okulwelwa kuyo, njengengxenye yayo kanye nofakazi walokho okwenzeka enkundleni yempi, futhi abalingiswa abehlukene ababesondelene nezigigaba emlandweni wonke bayavela enkondlweni. , kanye nenkondlo. I-Inca inhloso yayo bekuwukudlulisa isidingo sokuzuza ukunqoba empini yase-Ayacucho.
Ngalolu hlelo, inkondlo iqukethe imisinga emibili yombhalo okuyi-classical kanye neyothando, njengoba inezinkomba ezihlukahlukene zezinganekwane eziyibeka ngaphakathi kwe-epic yakudala kanye nezakhi ezahlukene ezihlobene ne-epic yasendulo. I-current classical ibhekwa lapho ekhuluma ngama-muses noma lapho egcizelela umqondo weqhawe nezimo ezithile ezimnika ukuqina okuyinganekwane, kanye nokuba khona konkulunkulu bamaqaba.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, igagasi lothando libonakala lapho libhekisela ku-nostalgia nangendlela echaza ngayo imvelo, inkolo enikezwa amaqhawe, phakathi kwabanye. Lokhu kwenza umbhali abambe iqhaza ku-romanticism yase-Hispanic-American yekhulu le-XNUMX, enamathela kakhulu emqondweni wohlobo, lapho echaza izehlakalo zomlando ezisebenza njengesiqalo sokuhlobanisa noma ukuqhathanisa izehlakalo nezinye ezenzeke ngo. Greece nasemazweni asempumalanga.
Ukuhlaziywa kwengoma kaBolívar kwenziwa ngenhloso yokwenza umfundi abe nesithakazelo sokufunda umsebenzi wokuqala nokufunda okwengeziwe ngomlando.
Izibalo zenkondlo yokunqoba kukaJunín
Ngaphakathi kokuhlaziywa kwezincwadi zenkondlo ethi "Ukunqoba kukaJunín," sinezibalo zobuciko; sizokhuluma ngezinye zalezo ezisetshenziswe kulo lonke umsebenzi:
- Ukuduma okwesabekayo okuqhuma ngokukhulu ukuduma
- Futhi ukuduma kwezithulu kuyanwebeka
- Futhi umbani oseJunín uyagqashuka uphinde uhambe
- Amaphiramidi amahle kakhulu aya ezulwini...
Incwadi kaJosé Joaquín de Olmedo ethi " El canto a Bolívar" (Ingoma kaBolívar) , ngokungangabazeki eyincwadi enhle kakhulu, ikhombisa yonke inkululeko, amandla, kanye nomzabalazo owawuphawuleka empilweni yonke kaBolívar.
Biography of Jose Joaquin de Olmedo
U-José Joaquín de Olmedo ungomunye wabantu abavelele eLatin America, njengoba ipeni lakhe laqala ukubhala futhi libe nomthelela eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila kwe-republic yase-Ecuador. Wazalelwa eGuayaquil, e-Ecuador ngoMashi 20, 1780 futhi wafa ngo-February 19, 1847. Wayengumlobi, ummeli, iqhawe kanye nezombusazwe, owaziwa kakhulu ngesikhathi sakhe ngokubamba iqhaza kwakhe emlandweni we-Ecuador, lapho isibalo sakhe sasikhona ngesikhathi sokuzimela, ekuhlanganiseni kweBolivarian nase-Ecuador ekuqaleni kwe-republic.
Lo mlingisi wayeyindodana kakaputeni waseSpain u-Agustín de Olmedo y Moyano kanye no-Ana Francisca Maruri, wezikhulu zaseGuayaquil; ababehlala eGuayaquil, e-Ecuador. Wabe esethuthela edolobheni laseLima, ePeru nalapho uJosé Joaquín de Olmedo wathola iDokotela Kwezomthetho efunda eNyuvesi yaseSan Marcos, ngaleso sikhathi ebuyela e-Ecuador ngenxa yokushona kukayise ngo-1808.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, phakathi nenkathi yobukoloni baseSpain, u-de Olmedo wakwazi ukuba isikhulumi eCortes of Cádiz ngo-August 12, 1812, lapho anikeza khona inkulumo yakhe enhle kakhulu mayelana nokuSuspension of the Mitas, okwakuhloswe ngayo ukufeza ukuqedwa kwama-mitas. Ubuye wabamba iqhaza ekulungiseleleni ukukhululwa kweGuayaquil, okwenzeka ngo-Okthoba 9, 1820.
Ngokunjalo, emisebenzini yobunxusa wayesemazweni aseLondon naseParis. Ngo-1830 waqokwa njengePhini likaMongameli weRiphabhulikhi yase-Ecuador futhi kamuva waba uMbusi waseGuayaquil, wabe esemenyezelwa njengomongameli wokuqala wesifundazwe esikhululekile saseGuayaquil, futhi wasiza u-Antonio José de Sucre ekukhululweni kwamadolobha asele esifundeni.
U-Olmedo, ngaphezu kokuba imbongi evelele kakhulu ngesikhathi sakhe, wayebuye abe yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomlando njengongqondongqondo we-Independence yaseGuayaquil, idolobha lakubo. Ukuba ngomunye wabavikeli bokuhlanganiswa nobunye be-republic kanye nomunye wabasunguli be-Ecuador; Ngale ndlela, kuyamangaza ukubona ukuthi wayehlala eduze kakhulu nayo yonke intuthuko, imikhawulo kanye nokuphikisana kwama-republic nezizwe zaseLatin America.
[su_note]Emsebenzini wezinkondlo walo mbhali, i-neoclassicism ihamba phambili, kodwa ukunamathela kwakhe ezweni lakubo nepolitiki kwamkhuthaza ukuthi akwazi ukubhala izingoma ezimbili ezinkulu ezedlula isikhathi nomlando lapho kuboniswa khona uthando, okuyiCanto a Bolívar. noma ukunqoba kukaJunín okwabhalwa ngo-1825 kanye no-Ode kuGeneral Flores, owawina iMiñarica eyabhalwa ngo-1843.[/su_note]
Umsebenzi wakhe wokubhala, "Ingoma eya eBolívar" noma "Ingoma eya eJunín," ungomunye wemibhalo edumile kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amamodeli ahlukene avela kuwebhu mayelana nokunqoba kukaJunín - isifinyezo sencwadi ethi "Ingoma eya eBolívar."
U-José Joaquín de Olmedo unikele ingxenye enhle yempilo yakhe ekwakheni amanoveli, izindaba ezimfushane, izinkondlo, neminye imisebenzi esongwe ngefilosofi ecwile kubuhle kanye nenani elikhulu. Phakathi kwezincwadi ezibaluleke kakhulu ezakhiwe yilo mbhali inhlekelele ebizwa ngokuthi i-Duke of Viseo kaQuintana kanye ne-silva yakhe enesihloko esithi The Tree. Ngaphezu kokwenza imikhiqizo enjengalena, waphinde waklama ifulege, ijazi lezikhali kanye namazwi eculo lesizwe laseGuayaquil, e-Ecuador; kwathi ngo-1848 washicilela iqoqo lezincwadi zezinkondlo okuyiyona yodwa eyalungiswa nguye ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe.
Ekugcineni, ukunqoba kukaJosé Joaquín de Olmedo eJunín kungenye yezihloko ezifunwa kakhulu kwi-inthanethi namuhla, ngoba ungumlobi omkhulu futhi ngokudalwa kwalo msebenzi, wathola inani elikhulu labafundi abanesifiso kwezinye izincwadi zakhe.
Ngalo mqondo, imbongi ngezikhathi ezithile ibhekwa njengomunye wabantu abahilelekile kuma-classics amakhulu e-Hispanic epic yaseMelika, isibonelo uMenéndez Pelayo, embeka ngisho nangaphezulu kuka-Andrés Bello noHeredia.
Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe eyinhloko yezinkondlo emenze wahlonishwa kangaka kukhona: "Ukunqoba kukaJunín" noma "Ingoma eya eBolívar" kanye nethi "KuGeneral Flores, Victorious eMiñarica," "Ukufa kweNkosazana yase-Asturias," phakathi kwezinye. Uma unesifiso sokufunda kabanzi ngababhali nezinkondlo ezinjengalezi, sincoma uJosé Zorrilla nezinkondlo zakhe.
[su_box title=»Ingxoxo mayelana Nempi Yase-Junín» radius=»6″][su_youtube url=»https://youtu.be/QP2V_c2pZDk»][/su_youtube]