Eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili edlule, ngo-Okthoba 13, 1822, u-Antonio Canova wafa eVenice, umdwebi odumile, owaziswa opapa, amakhosi, ababusi, umusa nobuhle obuvalekile ebumhlophe bemabula, ngemisebenzi engaphelelwa isikhathi, izithonjana eziyigugu zesitayela esisha sakudala.
Lokho kufa, okwakungalindelekile ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kwavusa imizwelo ejulile nesabalele kodwa futhi kwaba nobuwula. ingxabano ngezinsalela zokuthi ubani owayechazwe, hhayi ngephutha, njengoPhidias omusha.
Izingxabano ngemva kokushona kuka-Antonio Canova
Lena indaba yalokho okwenzeka ngemva kokushona kuka-Antonio Canova, indaba ene-Gothic overtones, eyakhiwe ukuhlukaniswa, izingxabano mayelana nezingxenye zomzimba okufanele zigcinwe, kanye nemingcwabo emithathu ephethwe.
Wafela eVenice yakhe eyigugu
Venice, ngeSonto, ngo-October 13, 1822. Kwakungemva nje kwehora lesikhombisa ekuseni lapho, emzini ka-Antonio Francesconi, inzalo kaFlorestano Francesconi owaziwa kakhulu, owavula ngo-1720. i-Caffe Florian Edolobheni elisechwebeni, umoya uyashuba, kunqunywa ukuthi udangele, ngenxa yesimo sempilo sika-Antonio Canova esenza umuntu esabe kakhulu.
Uhambo lokugcina luka-Antonio oluya eVenice
Umqophi omkhulu waya eVenice eyobingelela umngane wakhe othandekayo uFrancesconi, kanjalo ethatha ikhefu elifushane ngaphambi kokuba aqale kabusha uhambo lwakhe oluya ePossagno yakubo, lapho ayenethemba lokuthola khona amandla okwakubonakala sengathi ayemshiye kudala. Eqinisweni, wayesenomunye umsebenzi wokuqeda lokho nymph elele yaqala ngonyaka ngaphambili.
Kodwa ngemva nje kokufika eVenice, impilo yomqophi wawohloka ngokushesha. Izinhlungu zesisu zaba zimbi kakhulu futhi zangamniki kuphumula. Ngo-Okthoba 13, 1822, ngo-7.43:XNUMX ekuseni, u-Antonio Canova wafa.
KuLeopoldo Cicognara, owayengumongameli weVenice Academy of Fine Arts, kanye nokuba umngane oseduze weCanova, izimbangela zokufa zazixhunyaniswe, njengoba abhala ku-biography yomqophi, nezinkinga ezingakaxazululeki zesisu ne-biliary kodwa futhi nokukhubazeka. kwe-sternum, okuthi kwenzeka ngemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwe-drill, isibambo sasilokhu sihlala esifubeni.
Ukulwa okungenangqondo phezu kwezinsalela zika-Antonio Canova
Izindaba zokushona kukaCanova zasakazeka ngokushesha emigwaqweni yaseVenice, zabangela ukudideka, ukungakholwa, imizwelo, imizwa efana naleyo eyenzeka eParis, Vienna, Rome, Berlin, Saint Petersburg, London nakwamanye amadolobha amaningi aseYurophu. Igama lomqophi omkhulu, ngenxa yemisebenzi yakhe engenakubalwa, lalizwakala yonke indawo. Phakathi kwayo yonke imisebenzi, izithombe eziqoshiwe, amabhasi, ama-bas-reliefs, ama-cenotaphs agqama... Futhi lokho kwamenza waduma yonke indawo.
Kodwa kwakungekuhle konke futhi kwakumangalisa... ngokushesha nje, kwaphakama ingxabano eyinqaba ngendlela emangalisayo engxenyeni engaphakathi yomqophi phezu komzimba wakhe, noma kunalokho, kwezinye izingxenye zawo. Njengokungathi sikhuluma ngendwangu ye-macabre ene-anatomical futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuthinta okwesabekayo. Indaba ebonakala ithathwe endabeni yenkathi ephakathi, njengokungathi kusanta wenkathi ephakathi okwakungatholwa kuye izinsalela eziyigugu ezizoboniswa ingunaphakade ngenxa yelukuluku elibi labanye abathandwayo.
Ngubani owaphikisa izitho zomzimba wakhe?
Ingxabano eyodwa yayingaphezu kwakho konke phakathi kukaPossagno wakubo, owathi izinsalela zesakhamuzi esihlonishwa kakhulu naye, kanye neVenice, ephikisana nokunikeza indodana yakhe yokutholwa. owathatha izinyathelo zakhe zokuqala eziwujuqu edolobheni lase-lagoon, wazala imisebenzi emangalisayo efana noDaedalus no-Icarus, noma u-Orpheus no-Eurydice uCanova aqala ukuwaqopha eneminyaka eyishumi nesithupha, ehlatshwe umxhwele inganekwane elandiswa u-Ovid ku-Metamorphoses.
Ekugcineni, ingxabano yaxazululwa ngendlela enqunyiwe yamacabre. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesidumbu, inhliziyo ka-Antonio Canova yakhishwa futhi yayigcinwe endaweni yokugcoba i-porphyry, eyayigcinwe okwesikhashana e-Academy of Fine Arts eVenice. Kamuva i-urn yadluliselwa nakanjani esontweni laseVenetian leFrari. Laligcinwe ngaphakathi kwetshe lesikhumbuzo le-pyramidal elamiswa njengesikhumbuzo somqophi ngabafundi bakhe abathi, ekwakhiweni kwabo, bagqugquzelwa yisikhumbuzo somngcwabo esadalwa nguCanova ngokwakhe ehlonipha uMaria Cristina wase-Austria. Yayisekelwe kuphrojekthi, engakaze iqedwe, yesikhumbuzo sikaTitian.
Egypt kanye Antonio Canova
I-cenotaph kaMaria Christina ebandleni lika-Augustinian eVienna, uStendhal ayithatha njengesikhumbuzo esihle kakhulu somngcwabo esikhona, ngaphezu kwakho konke ngenxa yesimo saso sokuqala sephiramidi, inkokhiso esobala kaCanova yothando lweGibhithe lasendulo ukuthi ukutholakala okuvusa amadlingozi kwe-Stele of Rosetta kwakumthungele ngomlilo futhi.
Kodwa ake sibuyele emzimbeni kaCanova kanye nalokho kuhlukaniswa kobuciko okungathintanga inhliziyo yakhe kuphela. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesidumbu, Isandla sokudla sikaCanova naso sanqunywa, uphawu olubambekayo lwengcweti yomqophi wezithombe we-Treviso.
Imingcwabo emi-3 ka-Antonio Canova
Kodwa indaba kaCanova post-mortem iphawulwa hhayi kuphela ngokuhlakazeka okukhazimulayo kodwa nayi- ukwenziwa kwemingcwabo emithathu, ukuboniswa kwedijithali kodumo lwaphakade lomculi waseVenetian.
Esokuqala saba seVenice, izinsuku ezintathu emva kokufa. Ukusingatha umngcwabo onesizotha ka-Antonio Canova yi-Basilica ebabazekayo yaseSan Marco. Umngcwabo wenziwa ngo-Okthoba 16 ngu-Giovanni Ladislao Pyrker waseHungary, oqanjwe uMbhishobhi waseVenice eminyakeni emibili ngaphambili nguPapa Pius VII.
Ngo-Okthoba 25, 1822 umngcwabo wesibili, kulokhu ePossagno yangakubo, ngokuvumelana nezifiso uCanova ngokwakhe ayezivezile izikhathi eziningana. Kwakuwumsebenzi osondelene kakhulu lapho ngisho nedolobha lonke laseTreviso lalibandakanyeka.
Ekugcineni kunjalo Ithuba laseRoma. EDolobheni Laphakade, lapho ubuhlakani bukaCanova babuzinze khona, lapho umngcwabo wokugcina wenzeke khona. NgoJanuwari 31, 1823, umngcwabo kaCanova wabanjelwa eBasilica egcwele abantu baseSanti Apostoli. Phakathi kwamakhulu abantu abeza esontweni kwakukhona uGiacomo Leopardi, okwase kuyisikhathi eside emthanda kakhulu umqophi wezithombe.
U-Abbot Melchiorre Missirini wethula inkulumo yomngcwabo. Wayengumngane nesethenjwa sikaCanova, kodwa, ngokomlando, amazwi akhulunywa yile ndoda yenkolo kwakungafanele aqoshwe. Eqinisweni, abaningi babebabheka njengabangafaneleki ukuqeda udumo oluhlala njalo lukaCanova.
Imisebenzi emibili ka-Antonio Canova, i-Cupid enamaphiko kanye no-Eros uhlobo lwe-Centocelle
Winged Cupid kanye Eros uhlobo Centocelle, Antonio Canova
Phakathi kwabaphikisi balowo musho kwakukhona noLeopardi okwathi ngobusuku obufanayo nomngcwabo, ngesikhathi sesidlo sakusihlwa endlini yamaRoma kaKhadinali Angelo Mai (lowo uMai imbongi eyayinikele kuye amavesi adumile ngaphambili) wagxeka ukuthi ukungenelela kwakuhamba kancane.
Kuyadabukisa ukuthi ngesikhathi uLeopardi ephawula lokhu, akazange abone ukuthi uMissirini naye wayephakathi kwabazodla, ukuthi wayengeke ahlanganyele nalowo mbono "wenkondlo".
Ngokuphathelene nokuhlukaniswa okuthathu komzimba ka-Antonio Canova, isazi-mlando esikhulu sezobuciko uRoberto Longhi, owayengeyena umlandeli omkhulu womqophi wezithombe waseVenice, wabhala ngokumangalisayo encwadini yakhe. "Iminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu yomdwebo waseVenetian":
"UCanova wayengumculi oshonile, onhliziyo yakhe ikuFrari, isandla sakhe sise-Academy, kanti abanye angazi ukuthi kuphi"*
Lapho uRoberto Longhi ebhala la mazwi, Isandla sikaCanova sasisagcinwe eVenice. Futhi-ke yadluliselwa nakanjani etsheni lesikhumbuzo lasePossagno, futhi yagcinwa ebhokisini lengilazi lapho labekwa khona eduze kwendlu yesonto lomqophi.