La inkanyezi enkulu ku-Milky Way noma eyaziwa nangokuthi i-hypergiant. Ngalo mqondo, iyinkanyezi enkulu kakhulu futhi enkulu, enkulu kune-supergiant. Ubukhulu bawo bungaphinda buphindwe izikhathi eziyi-100 kunesisindo senkanyezi yethu enkosi, iLanga, eduze nomkhawulo omkhulu wethiyori, othi ingqikithi yesisindo senkanyezi ayikwazi ukudlula izixuku zelanga eziyi-120. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezinkanyezi ngokuvamile, ungavakashela isihloko sethu ku izici zezinkanyezi.
Ngalo mqondo, lo mkhawulo ngobuningi uhlanganiswe nokukhanya kwe-Eddington, lapho izinkanyezi ezinkulu zingeke zikwazi ukulingana ngokunqoba amandla angaphakathi okubanqabela amandla adonsela phansi: zazizovela amandla amaningi kangangokuthi zazizosusa ubuningi ngobuningi be-solar 120.
Noma kunjalo, amanye ama-hyper giants azenza sengathi anesisindo solar esingaphezu kwe-100 futhi, ngisho, ekuqaleni ayenesisindo selanga esiphakathi kuka-200 no-250, ngokuphambene nalokho okumenyezelwa yimibono yamanje mayelana nokukhanya kwelanga. ukudalwa kwendawo yonke kanye nenqubekelaphambili yendawo.
Ngokuphathelene nalokhu okungenhla, kubhekwa ukuthi i inkanyezi enkulu ku-Milky Way noma i-hypergiant ziyizinkanyezi ezikhanya kakhulu ezikhona; izinkulungwane nezigidi zezikhathi ezikhanya kakhulu kunenkosi yenkanyezi, namazinga okushisa aphakathi kuka-3.500 K no-35.000 K. Baphila cishe iminyaka eyizigidi ezi-1 kuya kwezi-3 ngaphambi kokuba babe yilokho. yini i-supernova noma, ezimeni ezixakile kakhulu, i-hypernovae.
Idatha
Kuye kwacatshangwa ukuthi a i-hypergiant ebhapathizwa njenge-supernova noma i-hypernova futhi ezophinde ishiye ngemuva kwembobo emnyama njengensalela endaweni yayo. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe, ungafunda mayelana izimbobo ezimnyama.
Yini eyaziwayo ngenkanyezi enkulu kunazo zonke ku-Milky Way?
Kuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo ngama-hypergiants, njengoba exakile kakhulu. Kuze kube muva nje kuphela ama-hypergiants angu-7 ayevame ukutholakala eMilky Way. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, zingahluka ngethoni: eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kukhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi inkanyezi ishisa kakhulu (ebusweni bayo), kuyilapho okubomvu kufundisa ukuthi kupholile; Kukhona futhi aphuzi, kodwa ukungalingani okukhiqizwa amazinga okushisa aphansi kanye nezibopho eziphezulu ngaphakathi kwawo kuwenza abe yinqaba kakhulu kunezinye izimo eziphuthumayo. Uma ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe ngezinkanyezi ezinkulu ezigcwele indawo yonke, ungabheka isihloko sethu esithi izinkanyezi ezinkulu zendawo yonke.
Into ethakazelisayo mayelana nenkanyezi enkulu kunazo zonke ku-Milky Way
Kuyakhanga ukubona ukuthi ama-hypergiants okuphuzi okukhazimulayo nokubomvu kubukhulu be-bolometric cishe -9,5 - okulingana nokukhanya okuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-500.000 kunokweLanga -, akukho ukukhanya okukhulu okwaziwayo. Izizathu zokuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka namanje azikaziwa. Uma unentshisekelo kulesi sihloko, ungafunda kabanzi ngaso Izinkanyezi zokudubula.
ama-hypergiants
Uma kuyiqiniso ukuthi kukhulunywa nge inkanyezi ezinkulu ku-Milky Way, nokho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa lezo ezinkulu ngokuhambisana nalesi sici.
Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okubenyezelayo okuhlukahlukene
I-Las izinkanyezi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekhazimulayo noma i-Wolf Rayet Star inkulu kakhulu, i-magna nekhazimulayo ihlukaniswa njengama-hypergiants. Ngokuqondile, ziyizinkanyezi ezinhle kakhulu ezivame ukuvakashelwa:
1.P Cygni
Lezi ziyizinkanyezi ezingavamile kakhulu futhi zakha izinkanyezi ezikhazimula kakhulu emthaleni. Ukukhanya kwayo kuyanda kubangelwa njengoba inkanyezi isondela emkhawulweni we-Eddington, okubangela ukucindezela kwemisebe ukuphoqelela izigqoko zayo ukuba ziphumele ngaphandle ngobudlova. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi kungahlotshaniswa ne star nomenclature.
Ngalolu hlelo lwemibono, P Cygni uzungezwe umthala omuhle ukuthi iye yasungulwa phakathi neminyaka engu-900 edlule ngokuxoshwa kwenkanyezi; Ngendlela efanayo, kunemfucumfucu evela ekukhishweni kwangaphambilini okwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-2.400 kanye ne-20.000 edlule. Inkanyezi iyaqhubeka nokuchitha isisindo ngezinga elimangalisayo, eliphindwe izikhathi eziyizigidi ezingu-300 kunokulahlekelwa yiLanga kwendawo yokugcina umoya welanga.
Ukusetshenziswa kwento esabekayo ngale ndlela akuvikeleki ngezinga elithile; ingaqhuma njenge-supernova ekhazimulayo noma ingagcina ifana ne-hypernova, lapho ukugxila kugoqeka kubheke emgodini omnyama. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngalesi sihloko, ungafunda mayelana izinhlobo zezinkanyezi.
Ngendlela efanayo, kuye kwachazwa ukuthi ukukhishwa kwegesi okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla kungenzeka kukhiqizwe ukudluliselwa kwesisindo kumngane wendawo ongabazisayo ngendlela efanayo nesigaba B se-spectral, esingaba nesisindo esilinganiselwe phakathi kwe-3 ne-6 izikhathi Ilanga libheke ekuhlanganisweni lalizokhulula amandla adonsela phansi, ingxenye yawo eyayizoshintshwa ibe isithuthukisi sokucaca. Uthe umngane uzosebenzisa iminyaka engaba ngu-7 ukwenza i-orbit ibe ngcono, lokhu akujwayelekile kakhulu.
2.S Doradus
S Doradus inkanyezi eguquguqukayo endaweni yase-Antarctic yaseDorado, imodeli yohlobo lwezinto eziguquguqukayo ezinegama lakhe lesiteketiso, i-Versatile S Doradus noma i-Resplendent Blue Versatile. Ayikhathazi igalaksi yethu, i-Milky Way, kodwa iqoqo elifinyelelekayo i-NGC 1910 kuLarge Magellanic Cloud futhi ineminyaka engaba ngu-180.000 yokukhanya ukusuka kusistimu sonozungezilanga.
Nge-hardcore dimension engakwazi ukuya phansi njenge -10 kanye nokucaca kwelanga elingaphezu kwesigidi esingu-1, i-S Doradus iyinkanyezi enkulu futhi ingenye egqame kakhulu engabonwa. Kodwa-ke, ibanga elikhulu elisihlukanisayo nalo lilenza libe elingenasici ekuqaleni. Ubukhulu bayo obucatshangelwayo buhluka phakathi kuka-+8,6 kanye no-+11,7, ngokuhluka kokukhanya okunensayo nokuthatha isikhathi eside, okuhlakazwe ngokuqhuma kwenhlanhla. Izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu kwayo lincane kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa nezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa i-axis yayo inkulu.
Ubuso bakhe bufana nobenkanyezi uP Cygni, eguquguqukayo esibonelweni esifanayo. Lezi zinkanyezi zinamandla kakhulu, okungenani izikhathi ezingu-60 kunenkosi yenkanyezi, futhi ukuphila kwazo akukwazi ukudlula iminyaka eyizigidi ezimbalwa. Amasiko onyaka ka-1999 asho ukuthi manje i-spectrum yale nkanyezi isifana neyenkanyezi enkulu kakhulu ye-spectral class F, into eyayingakaze ibonwe eminyakeni engu-50 edlule, naphezu kwezenzakalo ezimbi kakhulu inkanyezi yayinokukhanya okufanayo. Umsuka wale mvume awubaliwe.
3. Eta Carinae
U-Eta Carinae uyinkanyezi yekilasi eguquguqukayo ekhazimulayo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka., etholakala endaweni ye-Keel, cishe iminyaka engu-7500 yokukhanya ukusuka esimiso sonozungezilanga. Ubukhulu balo bushintshashintsha phakathi kuka-100 no-150 ubukhulu beLanga, okulenza libe ngesinye sezinkanyezi ezinkulu kakhulu ezivame ukutholakala ku-nebula yethu.
Ngendlela efanayo, inokucaca okuhle kakhulu, cishe izikhathi eziyizigidi ezine kunezeLanga; Ngenxa yothuli oluningi oluyizungezile, i-Eta Carinae ikhipha u-99% wokukhanya kwayo engxenyeni ye-infrared ye-spectrum, okuyenza ibe ngenye yezigqame kakhulu esibhakabhakeni ngamaza amaza aphakathi kuka-10 no-20 µm. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe nge-starlight, ungabheka isihloko ubusuku obugcwele izinkanyezi.
I-Eta Carinae ingenye yezingxenye ze-cosmos kuze kube manje ibhekwa njengentsha kakhulu, eneminyaka ephakathi kweminyaka eyizigidi ezimbili kuya kwezintathu, futhi itholakala ku-NGC 3372, Ngokufanayo kucaphune i-Great Carina Nebula noma i-Carina Nebula nje. Inkanyezi izungezwe umthala ovezwa njengeHomunculus Nebula. Uma kubhekwa isitokwe sayo esikhulu, i-Eta Carinae iyangabaza ngokujulile futhi ibhekene namandla okukhipha ingxenye ye-cosmic.
Ekugcineni, uma kungumbuzo we inkanyezi enkulu ku-Milky WayI-Eta Carinae cishe izoqeda impilo yayo ngokuqhuma kwe-hypernova phakathi neminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa. Abanye ababukele babonisa ukuthi lokhu kuzokwenzeka esikhathini esifushane kakhulu, kodwa kunokungabaza okuningi ngalokhu, ngoba inqubekelaphambili ye izinkanyezi ezinkulu kakhulu kunzima kakhulu ukwakha ngezinombolo.
