Isikhathi sokuphila kwezidalwa zasezulwini asidluli kakhulu. Asinawo umbono wobudala bazo obuqondile, kodwa uma sisebenzisa iLanga njengendawo yokubhekisela, enesikhathi sokuphila seminyaka eyizigidigidi eziyi-10, ubani owaziyo ukuthi iNkanyezi YaseNyakatho isivele iphile izigidi zeminyaka futhi isondela ekukhanyeni kwayo kokugcina, ishiya isibhakabhaka sethu singenakukhanya kwayo okuhle?
Isikhathi Esidlule Senkanyezi Yesiphongo
I-North Star, i-Polaris, yayiyinkanyezi eseduze kakhulu ne-North Pole eminyakeni engu-4800 eyedlule. Ngaleso sikhathi, yayiyingxenye ye-Thuban (inkanyezi eqoqweni lezinkanyezi i-Draco), enobukhulu obungu-3,6, futhi yayitholakala imizuzu eyi-10 kuphela ukusuka e-North Pole. Namuhla, i-North Star iqhele ngemizuzu engama-50. I-Thuban yayithandwa eShayina naseGibhithe ngoba izazi zezinkanyezi zasendulo zaseShayina zaziyibhala ezincwadini zazo ngesikhathi sokubusa koMbusi uHuang Di, eminyakeni engu-2700 BC. Ungafunda kabanzi ngokubaluleka kwe-North Star , okuye kwaba yisisekelo emlandweni wezinkanyezi.
Sincoma futhi ukuthi ufunde... IZINTO EZINTATHU EZIBALULEKILE ZOMkhathi WOMHLABA EZIVUMELWA YI-NASA.
Nokho, abaseGibhithe, cishe amakhulu eminyaka angu-50, bakha amaPiramidi. Indlela eqondile yokwakhiwa kwawo, engenalo ulwazi oluthuthukisiwe lwezinkanyezi, isalokhu iyimfihlakalo. Naphezu kwalokhu, iNkanyezi YaseNyakatho ihambisana namaPiramidi; akuwona wonke aqonde ngqo, empeleni, ambalwa kuphela kwangaphezu kuka-60 akhona. AmaPiramidi oFaro boBukhosi Besine eDahshur naseGiza aqondaniswe kahle kakhulu, anamaphutha ezinkanyezi angaba yikota yedigri . Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngomongo womlando walezi zakhiwo, ungabheka isayensi yezinkanyezi yamaMaya.
Isibhakabhaka sasebusuku besilokhu sibhekwa kakhulu esikhathini sethu, kusukela endulo kuze kube namuhla. Inkanyezi yaseNyakatho ihlala igxilile esibhakabhakeni, ihlale ikhomba enyakatho. Namuhla, iNkanyezi yaseNyakatho itholakala eNyakatho Yenkabazwe (α Ursae Minoris), inkanyezi ekhanya kakhulu eqoqweni lezinkanyezi i-Ursa Minor. Kuwukukhanya okukhulu okuphuzi okuqhele ngebanga leminyaka yokukhanya engu-431 ukusuka eMhlabeni, okunokukhanya okuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2440 kunokweLanga kanye nemvamisa ephakeme izikhathi ezingu-45. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi nge-Ursa Minor, ungavakashela ikhasi lezinkanyezi kanye nezici zazo.
Inkanyezi yaseNyakatho endaweni yayo yamanje
I-North Star, okwamanje enobukhulu obungu-2, ingenye yezinkanyezi ezikhanya kakhulu endleleni ehamba ngayo ngaphesheya kwe-pole. Le nkanyezi igcine igama layo iminyaka engaphezu kwenkulungwane futhi cishe izoqhubeka nokwenza kanjalo kuze kube cishe ngonyaka ka-3500, lapho indlela ye- pole idlula khona eduze kwenkanyezi enobukhulu obuthathu ebizwa ngokuthi i-Errai (γ Cephei). Uma unesithakazelo ebuhlotsheni phakathi kwale nkanyezi nezinye, ungafunda ngezinkanyezi ezimbili.
Njengoba iminyaka idlula, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni engu-6000, izoba phakathi kwezinkanyezi ezimbili zobukhulu besithathu , i-Alfirk (β Cephei) kanye ne-(ι Cephei); cishe ngonyaka ka-7400 izoba eduze kwenkanyezi yokuqala ekhanyayo, i-Sadr (γ Cygni), bese kuthi ngonyaka ka-13600 inkanyezi ye-pole izoba ekhanya kakhulu esibhakabhakeni sasehlobo sase-Arctic , i-Vega (α Lyrae), ezogcina lo mehluko okungenani iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezintathu. Lena izoba yinkanyezi ye-pole yezizukulwane ezizayo, njengoba yayinjalo eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi nane edlule, eNkathini Yeqhwa.
I-Polaris Palpitations
Ngokusho komlando, ngekhulu le-19, kwaqala ukungabaza ngokukhanya kwePolaris, iNkanyezi yaseNyakatho, eyabonisa ukushintshashintsha okuncane, okuphindaphindiwe. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, kwaqinisekiswa ukuthi ingeye- Cepheid variable , izinkanyezi ezishaya (ezinciphayo nezikhula) ngezikhathi ezisukela ezinsukwini eziningana kuya ezinyangeni eziningana. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngalezi zenzakalo, ungafunda isihloko mayelana nokuqhuma kwezinkanyezi.
Ukuhluka kokukhanya
Izazi zezinkanyezi zamangala lapho, ekuqaleni kwawo-90, ukushaya kwePolaris kuncipha futhi ukushintshashintsha okuncane okuvamile ekukhanyeni kwaqala ukunyamalala. Kwakubonakala sengathi inkanyezi yayizoyeka ukuba yinkanyezi eguquguqukayo yeCepheid. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngalolu hlobo lwenkanyezi, ungafunda nge-[reference to Cepheid variable stars], ehlanganisa nezibonelo ezithakazelisayo.
Ungayithola kanjani i-North Star?
I-North Star iyinkanyezi eseduze kakhulu ne-axis yoMhlaba nge-axis yayo yaseNyakatho-Ningizimu. Ibonisa inyakatho yangempela , okwenza kube yinto ebalulekile ekuqondeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ungathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe ngamaqoqo ezinkanyezi ahlukene, vakashela lesi sixhumanisi ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi ungahamba kanjani esibhakabhakeni.
Sincoma futhi ukuthi ufunde... IMITHALA, IZIMO ZAYO EZIMNANDI KANYE NEZINTO EZIYINGQONDO EZIYINGQONDO
Zonke izinkanyezi ngaphandle kwePolaris (iNkanyezi yaseNyakatho) ziyindilinga, okusho ukuthi zizungeza i-axis yoMhlaba nendawo yazo yokugxila eMhlabeni. NjengeLanga, iJupiter, namanye amaplanethi, izinkanyezi zihamba zisuka empumalanga ziye entshonalanga, kuthatha amahora angama-24 ukuqeda ukujikeleza okukodwa. Yingakho, uma sibona iPolaris ebusuku, singabona wonke amaqoqo ezinkanyezi ebonakala sengathi ayayizungeza phakathi nobusuku, kodwa iPolaris ihlala isendaweni yayo eqinile. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe ngamaqoqo ezinkanyezi abonakalayo, ungabheka uhlu lwamaqoqo ezinkanyezi adumile kakhulu esibhakabhakeni.
I-Polar Star Nendawo Yayo Kusuka Emhlabeni
I-North Star ingenye yezinkanyezi eziyisikhombisa ezakha i-Ursa Minor, njengoba ikhanya kakhulu kulezi eziyisikhombisa futhi itholakala ekugcineni komsila wazo. Yinkanyezi ebonakala kuphela engxenyeni esenyakatho yoMhlaba. ENingizimu Yenkabazwe, i-Southern Cross isetshenziselwa ukuhamba. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezici ze-constellations, bheka i-constellations namagama azo.
Iyini insiza ye-North Star?
I-North Star isibonisa enyakatho futhi imile ngaphansi kwezinga elilodwa ukusuka enyakatho yangempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphakama kwenkanyezi kusinika umbono we-latitude yethu. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngokubaluleka kwezinkanyezi, ngincoma ukufunda ngezinkanyezi nezici zazo.
Manje, uma umbukeli etholakala enkabeni yoMhlaba, okungukuthi, enkabazwe , iNkanyezi yaseNyakatho izoba semkhathizwe. Uma sibuka sisuka eNkabeni yaseNyakatho, iNkanyezi yaseNyakatho izoba phezulu ngqo. Uma sisuka eningizimu sisuka eNkabeni yaseNyakatho, iNkanyezi yaseNyakatho nayo izobonakala iphansi esibhakabhakeni.
Njengabo bonke abantu, isikhali sethu esikhulu ulwazi: ukwazi i-latitude yethu yikho okwenza indawo, hhayi ukuhambisana, kubaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wokuzulazula kwaze kwaba yilapho ubuchwepheshe businika ithuluzi elifana ne-GPS. Ngaphambilini, ikhampasi, kanye nelanga nezinkanyezi, kwakuyizindlela eziyinhloko zokunquma iziqondiso eziyinhloko zokuzulazula ngesathelayithi . Uma ufisa ukujula emlandweni wokuzulazula, ungabheka isimo sangempela soMhlaba.
Izimpawu ze-Polar Star
- I-Polaris (Polar Star) iyi-a inkanyezi ephuzi enkulu yohlobo lwe-spectral ene-F7Ib-II3 (i-Calcium, i-helium, i-hydrogen nezinsimbi).
- Itholakala eminyakeni engama-431 yokukhanya ukusuka e- Umhlaba.
- I-axis yayo inkulu izikhathi ezingama-45 kune- umsakazo welanga.
- I-Polaris yakha a uhlelo lwenkanyezi ngezinkanyezi ezimbili eziphelezelwa (i-Polaris B ne-Polaris A).
- polar kuyinto inkanyezi ye-cepheid, umjikelezo wayo yizinsuku ezingu-3,9696 kuphela futhi ukukhanya kwayo phakathi nenkathi ngayinye kuncane.
- Ekuqaleni konyaka ka-2000, inkanyezi ye-polar yaphinde yathola amandla futhi izinga lokuzungeza kwaqala ukukhula futhi.
Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi lapho imisebe egcinwe ngaphansi kwengqimba emnyama ikhishwa , inkanyezi ilahlekelwa isisindo, njengoba izendlalelo zingase zihambe ngokuvumelana: lapho izendlalelo zangaphandle zihlangana, ezangaphakathi ziyavela. Kodwa-ke, kungacatshangwa ukuthi inkanyezi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ingase iyeke ukuba yilokho esikwaziyo namuhla; lokhu kungaba isiqalo esisha sayo, njengoba izendlalelo zihamba ngendlela efanayo, okungaba uphawu lokuthi ilungiselela ukuba yi-red giant. Isibonelo salezi zinguquko, ungabheka isihloko esithi [isihloko esingekho].
