Ukuphila kwezinkanyezi akuyona ngokweqile. Akukho mqondo wokuthi indala kangakanani, kodwa uma sihamba ngeLanga futhi siyisebenzise njengesithenjwa isikhathi sokuphila sayo siyiminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-10, ngubani owaziyo uma inkanyezi emhlophe isivele yaphila izigidi ezimbalwa futhi isondela ekukhazimuleni kwayo kokugcina futhi ishiya isibhakabhaka sethu ngaphandle kokukhanya kwaso okuhle.
Isikhathi Esidlule Senkanyezi Yesiphongo
I-Pole Star yiyona inkanyezi eseduze neNorth Pole Eminyakeni engu-4800 edlule, ngaleso sikhathi yayiyingxenye yeThuban (Inkanyezi Yomlaza Wenyoka), enobukhulu obungu-3,6 futhi itholakala ebangeni elifushane nje elingu-10¨ ukusuka eNorth Pole. Njengamanje, i-North Star inyuse ibanga layo ngo-50¨. I-Thuban yayidumile eShayina naseGibhithe, ngoba izazi zezinkanyezi zaseShayina zasendulo zabhala encwadini yazo yezenzakalo ngesikhathi soMbusi u-Huang Di, 2700 BC. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungafunda kabanzi mayelana incazelo yeNkanyezi yaseNyakatho, obekuyinto eyisisekelo emlandweni wesayensi yezinkanyezi.
Sincoma futhi ukuthi ufunde. . . IZIQINISEKISO EZINGU-3 EZIBALULEKILE ZOMKHAYA WOMHLABA EZIVUMELWE YI-NASA.
Nokho, abaseGibhithe, eminyakeni engaba amakhulu angu-50 edlule, bakha amaPyramid, okungaziwa ukuthi ayakhiwe kanjani ngempela ngaphandle kokuba nolwazi oluthuthukisiwe, naphezu kwalokhu, iNkanyezi YaseNyakatho ihambisana noMbhoshongo; akuzona zonke eziqondiswe ngendlela efanele; Eqinisweni, ambalwa kuphela kwabangaphezu kuka-60 akhona. Amaphiramidi oFaro bobukhosi be-XNUMX eDahshur naseGiza atholakala kahle kakhulu, anamaphutha okuthi, ulwazi ezezinkanyezi, atholakala cishe ingxenye yesine yeziqu. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nengqikithi yomlando yalezi zakhiwo, ungathintana Isayensi yezinkanyezi yaseMayan.
El isibhakabhaka ebusuku Iyona ebhekwe kakhulu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuze kube manje, iNkanyezi YaseNyakatho isalokhu igxilile endaweni yasezulwini ehlala ikhomba enyakatho. Namuhla, iNkanyezi YaseNyakatho itholakala enyakatho nenkabazwe (α Ursae Minoris), inkanyezi ekhazimula kakhulu ku-Little Dipper. Kungukukhanya okukhulu okuphuzi ebangeni leminyaka yokukhanya engama-431 ukusuka eMhlabeni, nokukhanya okuphindwe izikhathi ezingama-2440 kunokweLanga kanye nefrikhwensi enkulu ngokuphindwe ka-45. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana ne-Little Dipper, ungavakashela imilaza nezici zayo.
Inkanyezi yaseNyakatho endaweni yayo yamanje
Inkanyezi yaseNyakatho namuhla, enobukhulu obungu-2, ingenye yezinkanyezi ezikhanya kakhulu ezitholakala endleleni ehamba ngayo esigxotsheni. Le nkanyezi igcine igama layo iminyaka engaphezu kwenkulungwane, futhi izoqhubeka iligcina kuze kube unyaka ka-3500, kuze kube yilapho umzila we polo izodlula eduze kwenkanyezi yesithathu yobukhulu ebizwa ngokuthi u-Errai (γ Cephei). Uma unentshisekelo ebudlelwaneni bale nkanyezi nabanye, ungafunda ngakho izinkanyezi ezimbili.
Njengoba iminyaka ihamba, ikakhulukazi iminyaka engu-6000, izoba phakathi kwemibili izinkanyezi ubukhulu besithathu, Alfirk (β Cephei) kanye (ι Cephei); Cishe ngonyaka we-7400 izoba eduze kwenkanyezi yokuqala ekhanyayo yobukhulu, i-Sadr (γ Cygni), bese kuthi ngonyaka we-13600 iNkanyezi yaseNyakatho ibe inkanyezi ekhanyayo kakhulu emhlabeni. isibhakabhaka sase-arctic wehlobo, uVega (α Lyrae), ozogcina lobu bukhosi okungenani iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezintathu. Lokhu kuzoba inkanyezi epholile yezizukulwane ezizayo, njengoba kwakunjalo eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi nane edlule, ngesikhathi seqhwa.
I-Polaris Palpitations
Ngokomlando, ekhulwini le-19, kwaqala ukungabaza ngokukhazimula kweNkanyezi YaseNyakatho, okwakubonisa izinguquko ezincane, eziphindaphindiwe. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 kwaqinisekiswa ukuthi ingeyohlobo lwe Cepheids, izinkanyezi ezivunguzayo (ezenza inkontileka futhi zanda) ngezikhathi ezisukela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngalezi zenzakalo, ungabona isihloko ku ukuqhuma kwenkanyezi.
Ukuhluka kokukhanya
Izazi zezinkanyezi zamangala lapho ekuqaleni kwawo-90, Izigqi ze-polar yaba buthaka futhi ukushintshashintsha okuncane okujwayelekile kokukhanya kwaqala ukunyamalala. Bekubonakala sengathi lesi sihlabani sizoyeka ukuba yiCepheid. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngalolu hlobo lwezinkanyezi, ungafunda mayelana , okuhlanganisa nezibonelo ezithakazelisayo.
Ungayithola kanjani i-North Star?
I-Pole Star iyinkanyezi eseduze kakhulu ne-eksisi Yomhlaba ekwandiseni kwayo okuseNingizimu-Nyakatho. Ngoba liyasitshela enyakatho yeqiniso ngakho-ke ukubaluleka kwayo okukhulu uma kuziwa ekumeni kwethu. Futhi, uma ungathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe ngamaqoqo ezinkanyezi ahlukahlukene, vakashela lesi sixhumanisi ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi ungazulazula kanjani esibhakabhakeni.
Sincoma futhi ukuthi ufunde. . . IMIthala, AMAFOMU YAYO AYINANDI KANYE NEZINKOSI ZAYO EZINGAVAMILE
Zonke izinkanyezi ngaphandle kweNkanyezi YaseNyakatho ziyiziyingi, okungukuthi, zizungeza i-eksisi Yomhlaba, zithatha ukugxila kwazo ngaphakathi kwawo. NjengeLanga, iJupiter, nawo wonke amanye amaplanethi, izinkanyezi zisuka empumalanga ziye entshonalanga, zithatha amahora angu-24 ukwenza uguquko oluphelele. Kungakho lapho sibuka le nkanyezi ebusuku, sizokwazi ukubona ukuthi kanjani konke Las izinkanyezi Ziyizungeza njengoba amahora edlula, kodwa iNkanyezi YaseNyakatho ihlale igcina indawo yayo. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe ngamaqoqo ezinkanyezi abonakalayo, ungathintana imilaza edume kakhulu esibhakabhakeni.
I-Polar Star Nendawo Yayo Kusuka Emhlabeni
INkanyezi YaseNyakatho ingenye yezinkanyezi eziyisikhombisa ezakha umlaza i-Ursa Minor, ekhanya kakhulu kulezi zinkanyezi eziyisikhombisa futhi etholakala emsileni wazo. Yinkanyezi ebonakala engxenyeni yomhlaba kuphela ohlangothini olusenyakatho. Engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwe umlaza wesiphambano saseningizimu lowo wayeziqondisa. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezici zezinkanyezi, hlola imilaza namagama ayo.
Iyini insiza ye-North Star?
Nokho, iNkanyezi yaseNyakatho isikhombisa inyakatho futhi imi ngaphansi kwedigri elilodwa ukusuka enyakatho yeqiniso. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuphakama kwalokhu inkanyezi Kusinikeza umbono wokuthi sikuyiphi i-latitude. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngokubaluleka kwezinkanyezi, ngincoma ukuthi ufunde mayelana izinkanyezi nezici zazo.
Manje, uma isibukeli siphakathi nomhlaba, okungukuthi, phakathi Umugqa we-Ecuador, iNkanyezi YaseNyakatho izoba semkhathizwe futhi uma sibuka siseNyakatho Pole, iNkanyezi YaseNyakatho iyoba ngenhla kwethu. Uma sehla nge-latitude ukusuka eNorth Pole, iNkanyezi yaseNyakatho nayo izokwehla ngokuphakama.
Njengawo wonke umuntu, isikhali sethu esihle kakhulu ulwazi: ukwazi okwethu latitude Yikhona okusiholela ekutheni isikhundla hhayi ukuhleleka kwezinto obekubaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wokuhamba kwaze kwaba yilapho ubuchwepheshe businika ithuluzi elifana ne-GPS. ukuthola ngesathelayithi, Ngaphambili, ikhampasi futhi yiqiniso iLanga nezinkanyezi kwakuyindlela eyinhloko esasiqondiswa ngayo ukhadinali. Uma ufuna ukujula ngomlando wokuzulazula, ungabonisana isimo sangempela soMhlaba.
Izimpawu ze-Polar Star
- I-Polaris (Polar Star) iyi-a inkanyezi ephuzi enkulu yohlobo lwe-spectral ene-F7Ib-II3 (i-Calcium, i-helium, i-hydrogen nezinsimbi).
- Itholakala eminyakeni engama-431 yokukhanya ukusuka e- Umhlaba.
- I-axis yayo inkulu izikhathi ezingama-45 kune- umsakazo welanga.
- I-Polaris yakha a uhlelo lwenkanyezi ngezinkanyezi ezimbili eziphelezelwa (i-Polaris B ne-Polaris A).
- polar kuyinto inkanyezi ye-cepheid, umjikelezo wayo yizinsuku ezingu-3,9696 kuphela futhi ukukhanya kwayo phakathi nenkathi ngayinye kuncane.
- Ekuqaleni konyaka ka-2000, inkanyezi ye-polar yaphinde yathola amandla futhi izinga lokuzungeza kwaqala ukukhula futhi.
Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi lapho i- imisebe egcinwe ngaphansi kwesendlalelo esimnyama kukhishwa, futhi ilahlekelwa isisindo, njengoba izingqimba zingahamba ngendlela ehambisanayo: lapho ezingaphandle zihlangana ndawonye, ezingaphakathi ziyaphuma. Kodwa-ke, kungase kucatshangwe ukuthi inkanyezi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ingase iyeke ukuba yilokho esikwaziyo namuhla; Ukuze ubone isibonelo salezi zinguquko, ungabheka isihloko esithi.
