I-Jupiter iyiplanethi enkulu kunazo zonke ohlelweni lwelanga. Itholakala ngamakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingu-778 ukusuka elangeni, inkulu ngokuphindwe kayishumi nanye kunoMhlaba, inobubanzi obungamakhilomitha angu-142.900 kanye nomthamo omkhulu ngokuphindwe ka-1.300 kunowoMhlaba. Eqinisweni, i-Jupiter inesisindo esiphindwe ka-2,5 kunamanye amaplanethi ayisikhombisa ohlelweni lwelanga ehlangene. Yakhiwe yi-helium, inani elincane le-ammonia, i-hydrogen, kanye nomhwamuko wamanzi.
Bheka izifundo zePlanethi Enkulu Kunazo Zonke kusistimu sonozungezilanga
I-Jupiter, ngaphandle kokuba yiplanethi enkulu kunazo zonke ohlelweni lwelanga, iyona ejikeleza ngokushesha kakhulu ku-axis yayo, ithatha cishe amahora ayi-10 ukuqeda ukujikeleza okugcwele. Kodwa-ke, kuthatha cishe iminyaka eyi-12 ukuqeda umjikelezo owodwa uzungeze ilanga, okusho ukuthi unyaka owodwa ku-Jupiter ulingana neminyaka eyi-12 yoMhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ungathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe ngale planethi enkulu, sikumema ukuthi ubheke izici ze-Jupiter.
Ukube lesi sikhulu besisikhulu nakakhulu, besingaba inkanyezi njengelanga; nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izinga lokushisa laso libanda kakhulu, lifinyelela ku--120°C. Siphinde sibe nebala elibomvu elisabekayo emkhathini waso, eliqhutshwa yimimoya engadlula amakhilomitha angu-250 ngehora.
Ungase ube nesithakazelo:
Izici zeplanethi enkulu kunazo zonke ohlelweni lwelanga
Ezinye zezici zeplanethi enkulu kunazo zonke ohlelweni lwelanga yilezi:
1. Izinyanga
Le planethi enkulu kakhulu ohlelweni lwethu lwelanga inezinyanga ezingu-16, ezithandwa kakhulu yi-Europa, i-Callisto , i-Ganymede, ne-Io. Uma unesifiso sokufunda kabanzi ngezinyanga zikaJupiter , zizwe ukhululekile ukuhlola kabanzi.
Enkulu kunazo zonke yiGanymede, okungathi uma ibingazungezi iJupiter, ingachazwa njengenye iplanethi, uma inikezwe ububanzi bayo obungaba amakhilomitha ayi-5.000. Encane kunazo zonke kulezi ezine yi -Europa , enobubanzi obungamakhilomitha ayi-1.500. Kukholakala ukuthi iyona kuphela indikimba yasezulwini ohlelweni lwelanga, ngaphandle koMhlaba, enamanzi acwebile, okuholela ekuqageleni ukuthi ingaba nokuphila kwangaphandle komhlaba. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokwenzeka kokuphila kwezinye izidalwa zasezulwini, bheka isihloko sethu mayelana nokuphila kwangaphandle komhlaba.
Kulezi zinyanga ezine zeJupiter, ezintathu zazo (uGanymede, uCallisto kanye ne-Europa) zaziwa ngokuba neqhwa, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona uhlobo oluthile lokuphila kuzo.
2. Isikhundla se-Jupiter
I-Jupiter iyiplanethi yesihlanu ukusuka eLangeni ohlelweni lwethu lwelanga, etholakala cishe ngamakhilomitha angu-778,570000 ukusuka eLangeni. Ukuze uqonde kangcono amabanga ohlelweni lwethu lwelanga, ungafunda isihloko sethu mayelana namasongo kaJupiter.
3. Ubukhulu beJupiter
Lena yiplanethi enomthamo omkhulu kunayo yonke ohlelweni lwelanga, idlulwa kuphela amaplanethi angaphandle kwelanga kanye nelanga ngokwalo ngobukhulu.
4. Ukujikeleza kweJupiter
Le planethi ihamba phakathi nendawo yayo ngamahora angu-9,84 oMhlaba (imizuzu engama-60)
5. Ukwakhiwa kweJupiter
Ukwakheka kwayo empeleni kuyigesi , nokho akukho lwazi oluqinisekile mayelana nengaphakathi kanye namandla ayo, kodwa ngokubala kutholakala ukuthi inesisindo esiqinile.
6. I-Jupiter Gravity
Amandla adonsela phansi kaJupiter makhulu ngokuphindwe ka-2,34 kunoMhlaba . Uma ungathanda ukufunda kabanzi ngalesi sihloko, sincoma isihloko sethu mayelana namandla adonsela phansi kaJupiter.
Isimo seJupiter
I-Jupiter, iplanethi enkulu kunazo zonke, inomoya owakhiwe ngokuyinhloko yi-hydrogen engu-80% kanye ne-helium engaba ngu-16%; okusele kuqukethe amanzi, i-ammonia, i-ethane, nezinye izakhi. Uma unesithakazelo sokufunda okwengeziwe ngale planethi, ungavakashela isihloko sethu mayelana ne-Jupiter.
Ungase ube nentshisekelo naku: IZIMALI EZIYI-14 ZE-PLANETHI I-MERCURY EZIZOKUKUDLA
Amasathelayithi ama-4 noma izinyanga zeJupiter, Iplanethi Enkulu Kunazo Zonke
Izinyanga ezithandwa kakhulu yiJupiter yilezi :
1. I-Europa
I-Europa iyisathelayithi sesithupha ngobukhulu semvelo sikaJupiter futhi iyisathelayithi encane kunazo zonke ezinyangeni ezine zaseGalile. Yatholakala ngo-1610 nguGalileo futhi yaqanjwa ngegama lika-Europa, unina weNkosi uMinos yaseCrete nomthandi kaZeus. Uma ungathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe ngale nyanga ethakazelisayo, vakashela isihloko sethu nge- Europa, isathelayithi kaJupiter.
I-Europa incane kancane kuneNyanga , yakhiwe kakhulu ngama-silicates, inegobolondo leqhwa lamanzi, futhi mhlawumbe i-iron-nickel core. Inomkhathi omncane owakhiwe yi-oxygen kanye namanye amagesi.
Ubuso bayo bugcwele imifantu nemivimbo, kuyilapho imigodi ingavamile. Inesimo esibushelelezi kunanoma yimuphi umzimba owaziwayo ohlelweni lwelanga. Lokhu kubonakala kobusha kanye nokushelela kuye kwaholela embonweni wokuthi kukhona ulwandle ngaphansi komhlaba, olungasekela ukuphila.
Lokhu kucabanga kusho ukuthi ukushisa okuvela emandleni olwandle kugcinwa kumanzi futhi kuqhubezela isenzo se-geological ngendlela efanayo naleyo amapuleti e-tectonic abengenza ngayo.
2. Ganymede
I-Ganymede iyinyanga enkulu kunazo zonke eJupiter futhi inkulu kunazo zonke ohlelweni lwelanga. Futhi ngokocwaningo olwenziwe nge-Hubble Space Telescope, igcina ulwandle olukhulu olungaphansi komhlaba oluqukethe amanzi amaningi kunalawo akhona eMhlabeni. Uma ufuna ukufunda kabanzi ngale nyanga, zizwe ukhululekile ukuhlola [isixhumanisi/umthombo].
Ngokwezibalo zabo, leli qoqo elikhulu lamanzi anosawoti lingaba nokujula okungamakhilomitha ayi-100 (cishe kube likhulu ngokuphindwe kayishumi kunezilwandle ezijulile kakhulu eMhlabeni) futhi lizoba ngaphansi koqweqwe oluyi-150 amakhilomitha ubukhulu, ikakhulukazi olwakhiwe yiqhwa.
3. Io (io)
I-Io inobuningi obukhulu kunabo bonke izinyanga ohlelweni lwethu lwelanga. Eqinisweni, ukwakheka kwayo, ikakhulukazi amatshe acwebezelayo kanye nensimbi, kuyenza ifane kakhulu namaplanethi anamatshe kunezinye izinyanga zesistimu yelanga yangaphandle, ezakhiwe kakhulu ngama-silicates neqhwa.
Amamodeli angaphakathi kwayo asinika umfanekiso onembile wokwakheka kwayo kwangaphakathi. Zonke izinkomba zithi i-mantle icebile ngama-silicates futhi yakhiwe okungenani ngamaminerali acebile nge-magnesium angu-75%. Inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwensimbi (ngokulinganisela ne-silicon) kuneNyanga noma uMhlaba , kodwa kungaphansi kweMars.
Ingaphakathi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, licebile ngensimbi noma nge-iron sulfide futhi libalelwa ku-20% wesisindo sesathelayithi . Uma iningi lakhiwe ngensimbi, kufanele libe nerediyasi ephakathi kwamakhilomitha angu-350 no-650. Kodwa-ke, uma lakhiwe nge-sulfur nensimbi, khona-ke lingaba nerediyasi ephakathi kwamakhilomitha angu-550 no-900. Kunoma yikuphi, njengoba isathelayithi ingenawo amandla kazibuthe, siyazi ukuthi ingaphakathi layo alizwani nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuguquguquka.
Ubuso bakhiwe kakhulu yi-basalt nesulfure, okubekwe ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo okuvamile . I-lithosphere (ungqimba olungaphandle) lujule ngamakhilomitha ayi-12 kuya kwangu-40. Ngaphansi kancane kwalokhu, cishe ngamakhilomitha angama-50, kukhona ulwandle lwe-lava, olunobukhulu obungamakhilomitha angama-50, olungafinyelela amazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-1.200°C.
Umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo ungabangela ukuthi i-lava ifinyelele ukuphakama okungamakhilomitha angama-500 ngaphezu kobuso besathelayithi, futhi kwenza ubuso bayo buvelele ngokuba nezici ezimbalwa kakhulu ezivamile zamasathelayithi ku-Solar System, njengemigodi yokushayisana kwama-comet noma ama-asteroid u-Io ngokungangabazeki abhekane nakho empilweni yayo ende.
4. ICalisto
Enye inyanga kaJupiter , iCallisto, iyiplanethi enkulu kunazo zonke ohlelweni lwelanga. Isimo sayo sifana nebhola legalofu, futhi ubuso bayo bumbozwe yimigodi nezinye izimpawu, ubufakazi besikhathi esidlule esinokuphazamiseka. Eqinisweni, iCallisto iyinto enemigodi eminingi kakhulu ohlelweni lwelanga lonke. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngeplanethi enkulu kunazo zonke ohlelweni lwelanga kanye nezici zayo, ungabheka amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngeJupiter.
Yakhiwe ngamatshe neqhwa ngezingxenye ezilinganayo: izindawo ezikhanya kakhulu yiqhwa lamanzi, kanti izindawo ezimnyama yizindawo ezigugile kakhulu zezinto zamatshe ezineqhwa elincane.
I-Callisto icishe ifane neplanethi i -Mercury , kodwa inesisindo esingangengxenye yesithathu kuphela. Ingaphandle kwezinyanga ezine zaseGalile zikaJupiter, okuyi-Io, i-Europa, i-Ganymede, ne-Callisto. Umjikelezo wayo uqhelelene kakhulu ne-Jupiter uma uqhathaniswa nezinye izinyanga ezintathu: cishe amakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingu-1,88, cishe izikhathi ezingama-26 kune-radius yeplanethi ngokwayo.
Nokho, lokhu akuyona into engavamile; iNyanga yethu izungeza uMhlaba ibanga eliphindwe izikhathi ezingu-60 kune-radius yoMhlaba. Okubalulekile ukuthi iCallisto ikude kakhulu nabangane bayo. Umakhelwane wayo oseduze kakhulu yiGanymede , eseduze neJupiter ngamakhilomitha angu-800.000.
Lesi simo sisho ukuthi iCallisto ayibonisi amandla olwandle abengabonakala ngaphandle kwethonya likaJupiter. Futhi ayibonisi izimpawu zezinqubo ze-geological ezifana ne-volcanism noma i-plate tectonics , njengoba sibona ngokucacile kwezinye izinyanga zaseGalile. ICallisto ayikathintwa kakhulu futhi isebenza njengofakazi wesimiso selanga sokuqala.
Ungase ube nentshisekelo naku: IZINHLOBO EZIYI-6 ZOLUNTHU LWE-COSMIC NGENDLELA NOKUQALA KWALO
Ngakho-ke, ukuthola nokufunda ukuthi iplanethi enkulu kunazo zonke ohlelweni lwethu lwelanga inikezani ngempela kuyisici esikhanga ngempela sendawo yonke.
