Indaba yekoloni elilahlekile laseRoanoke ingenye yezimfihlakalo ezihehayo nezixakayo emlandweni waseMelika wokuqala. Ngo-1587, iqembu lezifiki ezingamaNgisi elaliholwa nguJohn White lasungula ikoloni esiqhingini saseRoanoke, esisendaweni manje ebizwa ngokuthi iNorth Carolina. Kodwa-ke, lapho uMhlophe ebuya ohambweni oluya eNgilandi ngo-1590, wathola ikoloni lingenalutho, kungekho zimpawu zokulwa noma incazelo ecacile. Okuwukuphela kwento abayishiye ngemuva kwakungamagama aqoshwe esigxotsheni: "Croatoan" kanye "Cro" esihlahleni esiseduze.
Lo myalezo oyimfihlakalo udide izazi-mlando kanye nabavubukuli amakhulu eminyaka. Ngakho-ke, emigqeni elandelayo, sikunikeza ukuhlola okuningiliziwe kwemfihlakalo yamaCroatoan kanye nekoloni elahlekile yaseRoanoke: imfihlakalo yomlando ozokuthakasela ukuyithola.
Umongo womlando: I-Roanoke nemizamo yokuqala yokwenza ikoloni
Indaba kaRoanoke yaqala ngo-1585 lapho uSir Walter Raleigh ethumela uhambo esiqhingini saseRoanoke, esisogwini olusempumalanga lwalokho manje okuyi-United States. Amakoloni abhekana nezinselele eziningi, okuhlanganisa izingxabano nabantu bomdabu bendawo kanye nokuntuleka kwempahla. Isimo saba nzima, futhi amakoloni acela usizo eNgilandi.
Ngo-1587, uJohn White wahola uhambo lwesibili oluya eRoanoke enethemba lokusungula ikoloni elihlala isikhathi eside . Abahlali bamakoloni babehlanganisa abesifazane nezingane, okwakuwumzamo wokuqala wokusungula ikoloni elihlala njalo eNtshonalanga Nezwe elinemindeni ephelele. Kodwa-ke, isimo saba sibi ngokushesha, kwathi uWhite wabuyela eNgilandi ukuze athole izinto ezibalulekile.
Ukubuya kukaJohn White kanye nokutholakala okulimazayo
UWhite wabuyela eRoanoke ngo-1590, kodwa lokho akuthola kwamshiya edidekile futhi ekhathazekile. Ikoloni lase linyamalele lingenamkhondo . Kwakungekho zimpawu zomzabalazo, noma izinkomba ezicacile zokuthi amakoloni ayephi. Konke akuthola kwakuyimibhalo eyimfihlakalo: "isiCroatoan" kanye "nesiCro" eqoshwe esigxotsheni nasesihlahleni.
Ukuntuleka kolwazi nokuphuthuma kokuthola izimpendulo kwaholela uWhite ukuba ahlele uhambo lokuya esiqhingini saseCroatoan, esasihlalwa isizwe somdabu esinegama elifanayo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yesimo sezulu nezinye izithiyo, lolu hambo aluzange lufike lapho lwaluya khona, lushiya impicabadala ingaxazululeki.
Imibono nokuqagela: bashonephi abahlali baseRoanoke?
Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, izazi ziye zakha izinkolelo-mbono ezihlukahlukene ukuze zembule isiphetho esingaqondakali sezifiki zaseRoanoke, kodwa ayikho ekwazile ukunikeza impendulo eqinisekile kule mfihlakalo yomlando.
Enye yezinkolelo-mbono ezamukelwa kabanzi isikisela ukuthi abahlali bahlangana nesizwe samaCroatoan befuna usizo nesivikelo . Umbhalo wegama elithi "Croatoan" esigxotsheni, ngokusho kwalo mbono, wawungase ushiywe ngamabomu njengenkomba, okubonisa indlela abahlali ababeya ngayo ukuze bathole indawo yokukhosela nokusekelwa.
Okunye ukuqagela kusikisela ukuthi amakoloni athatha uhambo oluyingozi oluya ezweni ngomzamo omkhulu wokwakha indawo entsha yokuhlala. Kodwa-ke, isimo esinzima kanye nobutha obungenzeka babantu bomdabu bendawo kungenzeka ukuthi kwaholela ekunyamalaleni kwabo endaweni engaziwayo.
Le mibono, nakuba ihlaba umxhwele, iveza ubunkimbinkimbi bempicabadala ye-Roanoke, igqamisa ukuntuleka kobufakazi obuphelele obungasekela incazelo eqinisekile yesiphetho salezi zifiki.
Ukubaluleka Kwamasiko e-Croatoan
Igama elithi "Croatoan" aliyona nje into ebalulekile empikiswaneni yamaRoanoke, kodwa futhi libalulekile namasiko emlandweni wezizwe zomdabu zalesi sifunda. AmaCroatoan ayeyisizwe esinobungane nesihlangene namakoloni aseNgilandi, futhi ubudlelwano bawo kungenzeka ukuthi bathonya isinqumo samakoloni sokufuna indawo yokukhosela phakathi kwawo.
Ocwaningweni lwakamuva, izazi zemivubukulo kanye nezazi ze-anthropologists zihlole amasayithi ase-Hatteras Island nasezisizungezile, ikhaya lasendulo lesizwe samaCroatoan, befuna ubufakazi obungase buveze isiphetho sokugcina sezifiki zaseRoanoke.
Ucwaningo lwamanje
Ukutholwa kwemivubukulo e-Roanoke Island
Njengamanje, kuqhutshwa amaphrojekthi amaningana ocwaningo ukuze kuxazululwe imfihlakalo eyinkimbinkimbi yamaCroatoan. Njengoba sibike muva nje, kuye kwenziwa uphenyo oluningi lwezinto zakudala kanye nolwesayensi yabantu eSiqhingini saseHatteras nasezindaweni ezizungezile.
Umsebenzi onzima owenziwa endaweni ekugcineni ukhanyisa imfihlakalo yekoloni laseRoanoke elahlekile. Amaqembu ochwepheshe ahlola ngokucophelela lesi sifunda, esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe nezindlela zokumba zesimanje ukuze athole imikhondo engaba khona yokuba khona kwabahlali. Le mizamo igxile ezindaweni ezithile okungenzeka ukuthi zibone ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabahlali kanye nesizwe samaCroatoan. Abavubukuli bafuna izinto zobuciko, izakhiwo, noma noma yibuphi ubufakazi obunganikeza izinkomba ezibalulekile mayelana nesiphetho sokugcina salabo basunguli beNew World.
Ngokumbiwa okusha ngakunye, ithemba liyakhula ukuze livuleke indida yamakhulu eminyaka ezungeze ikoloni elilahlekile futhi linikeze izimpendulo eziye zaphunyuka ezizukulwaneni ezidlule zabacwaningi.
Imfihlakalo ehlala njalo
Naphezu kwemizamo eqhubekayo yokwembula iqiniso ngemuva kwekoloni laseRoanoke elahlekile kanye negama elithi "Croatoan," imfihlakalo isaqhubeka. Ukuntuleka kobufakazi obuqinisekile kanye nokungabikho kwamarekhodi omlando anemininingwane kushiye lesi siqephu njengenye yezimfihlakalo ezihlala isikhathi eside emlandweni waseMelika wakuqala.
Ifa lekholoni elahlekile ye-Roanoke kanye negama elithi "Croatoan" liyaqhubeka nokuthatha umcabango walabo abathatheka ngezimfihlakalo zomlando. Njengoba ucwaningo lwemivubukulo nobuchwepheshe buthuthuka, kunethemba lokuthi ngelinye ilanga iqiniso elibangela le mpicabadala engaxazululiwe liyotholakala. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, imfihlakalo yaseCroatoan isalokhu iyisikhumbuzo sokuthi kungakanani esingakakwazi mayelana nesikhathi sethu esidlule nezindaba ezilindele ukwembulwa.
Okwamanje, futhi ngenkathi uphenyo luqhubeka, singamukela kuphela imfihlakalo yamaCroatoan kanye nekoloni elahlekile yaseRoanoke: imfihlakalo yomlando endleleni eya esixazululweni esilindelwe isikhathi eside.