Izitshalo zinenani elikhulu lezici ezizihlukanisayo futhi zizihlukanise zibe izinhlobo eziningana ezaziwa emhlabeni wonke, njengezimbali, izithelo nombala wazo, kulesi sihloko sizokwethula ukunakekelwa okufanele kuthathwe ukuze kulondolozwe isihlahla esihlala njalo. futhi okuzochazwa ngezansi.
isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza
Izihlahla zibhekwa njengezitshalo ezivelele kakhulu nezingakholeki emhlabeni wonke, zinesibopho sokuba yingxenye yemvelo ehlukene enesibopho sokuba yingxenye yomhlaba wonke. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezihlahla nezitshalo, ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kokuphila ngoba zenza izinqubo ezibalulekile zamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo njenge-photosynthesis, zinikeza zonke izidalwa eziphilayo umoya-mpilo oyigugu, zigqamisa iqiniso lokuthi ngaphandle kwezihlahla iplanethi ibiyoba njengogwadule.
Izihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza zibhekisela ezihlahleni ezingahlala isikhathi eside futhi zaziwa ngokuthi izitshalo ezihlala njalo futhi ngenxa yohlobo lwazo lwesithelo zingakwazi ukwaziwa ngokuthi zihlala ziluhlaza, lapho zitholakala ezindaweni ezibandayo futhi zigcina amahlamvu azo njalo. Ngokujwayelekile yigama elisetshenziselwa lezo zihlahla nezihlahlana ezigcina isimo sempilo unyaka wonke, zingashintshiwe yizinkathi zonyaka.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo nezinhlobo ezisatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke, kulesi siphithiphithi sizogqamisa isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza, sinegama lesayensi elithi Myoporum Laetum, elisuselwa egameni lesiGreki elithi Myoporum elinencazelo ethi Myo njengokuthi okusho ukuvala futhi igama elithi Porum linencazelo orifice, njengoba kubhekisela kuwo wonke ama-vesicle anesibopho sokukwazi ukuvala ama-vesicle.
Igama layo elifanayo njengegama lesayensi yiMyoporum Teneifolium elihambisana negama lesiLatini lapho linencazelo yokuba mncane futhi nebizo lalo elithi Folium elinencazelo yeLeaf, elisho iqabunga elincanyana. Ihambisana nesihlahla noma isihlahlana esinamaqabunga ahlukile noma ahlukene, izimbali zawo zivame ukuba zodwa. Ngokuvamile igama elisetshenziselwa uthango noma lezo zihlahla nezihlahlana ezisetshenziselwa ukwakha umgoqo.
Ezentela
Ihambisana nesihlahla esidabuka eNew Zealand futhi singakhula ezindaweni ezisogwini kanye nasemahlathini asezindaweni eziphansi. Ingatholakala eNhlonhlweni yase-Iberia, itshalwa kweminye imikhakha efana neziqhingi zaseBalearic, eCatalonia, eMphakathini waseValencian, esifundeni saseMurcia, ePortugal, eCanary Islands, phakathi kwezinye izindawo. Okungcono kakhulu ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele kakhulu futhi esipholile.
Imvamisa yenziwa ngokwemvelo kuzo zonke iziphetho zomgwaqo ukuze iphinde itholakale ezindaweni ezingenamuntu, lolu hlobo lwesitshalo luvame ukusabalala sengathi isitshalo esihlaselayo, lufunwa kakhulu ukuze silinywe njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa ukuze kwakhiwe uthango olutholakala. ezizungeze izifundazwe ezifudumele kakhulu. Inamandla okuba seduze nolwandle, imelana nomoya kanye nezindawo ezinesihlabathi.
I-Myoporum Laetumes ingabhekwa njengesitshalo esingavamile futhi esihlaselayo, esimboza izindawo ezinkulu nezindawo ezisetshenziswa njengezithiyo, ngezinye izikhathi ibhekwa njengohlobo lwe-parasitic kusuka ku-mistletoe, ingasetshenziswa izici zayo zokwelapha. njenge-antidiabetic, i-antihypertensive, i-antibacterial, i-antioxidant, i-antidiarrheal, inezindawo ezivuselela umzimba.
Izici ze-Evergreen Tree
Isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza singafinyelela cishe amamitha ayi-10 ukuphakama, siyisitshalo somdabu saseNew Zealand futhi sivame ukuqhakaza ezikhathini zasebusika futhi nasezikhathini zasentwasahlobo, amagxolo aso angaba nokubukeka okuqhekekile futhi abe nsundu. Ibonakala ngokukhula ezindaweni ezisogwini nasemahlathini aphansi njenge-Balearic Islands, Extremadura, Portugal, Catalonia, Andalusia, Murcia, phakathi kwezinye izindawo ezingase zibe nesimo sezulu esifudumele.
Kuyisitshalo esikwazi ukumelana nayo yonke indawo ezungeze ulwandle, kanye nokumelana kakhulu nemimoya nenhlabathi eyisihlabathi, isitshalo esihlala siluhlaza singokwemvelo ukuze sigcizelelwe emaphethelweni emigwaqo kanye nasezindaweni eziwugwadule ogwini. , lapho lingasakazeka khona njengesiliva elihlaselayo. Ivamise ukuqhakaza ngezinkathi zokushisa eziphansi njengobusika noma ngezikhathi ezifudumele njengentwasahlobo.
Izimbali zabo zithathwa njengama-hermaphrodites, zithathwa njengezitshalo ze-monomorphic zocansi, ezihambelana nama-75% azo zonke izitshalo ezitholakala emhlabeni wonke, ngokuvamile ama-hermaphrodites, okuyilezo ezikwazi ukuqhakaza ngazo zombili izitho zabesilisa. abesifazane embalini efanayo, ezinye zezinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu ama roses.
Izimbali ziyi-pentamerous, zinesakhiwo sezingcezu ezinhlanu kanye ne-subactinomorphic (ekwazi ukuhlukaniswa ngenani elifanayo lezigaba), kulokhu zibonakala ngokuhlelwa phakathi kwama-cymes asizayo anamacembe angama-5 kuye kwayi-10 noma ama-sepals, amacembe esihlahla esihlala siluhlaza adume kakhulu ngokuba noboya kakhulu phakathi kwawo, afinyelela umbala phakathi komhlophe kanye namathoni athile ansomi, ngaphezu kokuba ne-pentaphyid calyx kanye ne-corolla ecishe ibe ngu-1,5 kuya ku-2 amasentimitha ububanzi.
I-stamen yezimbali ivame ukukhishwa, ingaphuma ku-corolla, ifinyelele cishe ku-4 noma amasentimitha angu-5, ingaba nama-violet antennae, i-ovary ne-bilocular ibonakala ngokutholakala kwesinye isithelo se-drupaceous, ngamafuphi. , bangaba nesithelo esilula kuphela, ukuma kwaso kune-fibrous.
Inokwakheka kwesikhumba futhi i-mesocarp eyinyama inesimo se-globular esicwebezelayo esinamathoni ansomi angafinyelela kumamilimitha ayi-6 kuye kwayi-9 ububanzi, ibonakala ngokuba yisithelo esingaba nembewu eyodwa kuphela ene-oval noma i-quadrangular. isesimweni, inesibopho sokuzungeza i-petrous noma i-pyrene endocarp.
Amagxolo awo angaba nokubukeka okunsundu futhi anomumo oqhekekile, amile ngenxa yokuthi amagatsha awo ngokuvamile anombala obomvu onsundu noma athole amathoni aluhlaza, kulokhu awanazo nhlobo izinwele, kuso sonke isitshalo. ; futhi ukugqama eqinisweni lokuthi lapho amaqabunga awo engaba nonqenqema lonke noma amazinyo amancane, angaba nobuthi futhi ambozwe yizindlala ezincane ezikhanyayo.
Ukuma eziba nakho emaqabunga awo kungaba nesimo somkhonto wensimbi, lapho engxenyeni yawo engenhla inombala oluhlaza ogqamile futhi nasebusweni bawo obuphansi angase aphaphatheke kakhulu, kodwa lapho ebheka ukukhanya angakwazi. Amanye amachashazi aphuzi angabongwa, angaveza ingqikithi yawo ezitsheni. Zonke izimbewu zakhona ngokuvamile ziba nsundu ngokukhanyayo noma zi-orange-brown futhi zingafinyelela cishe kumamilimitha angu-7 ukuya kwangu-9.
Zitshalwa njalo ngendlela yesihlahla futhi ngisho njengothango, nokho, kuye ngezimo zabantu zingavezwa njengezibonelo zezihlahla. Isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza singakhula ngokusheshisa, ikakhulukazi ngalezo zikhathi zonyaka ezivame ukugcina luhlaza, ukwakheka kwaso kuvame ukuba nesivalo esiyindilinga, esihlaba umxhwele kakhulu ngenxa yobuningi bamagatsha.
Izitshalo ezihlala ziluhlaza zivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlobiseni kwangaphakathi nasengadini, ikakhulukazi ukuze zibe yingxenye yothango oludumile kanye nama-windbreaks, ngokuvamile asetshenziswa kabanzi njengesithiyo ezindleleni nasezingadini, futhi lezo ezinobukhulu obuphansi zivame ukusetshenziswa njengezitshalo zokumboza. I-evergreen isitshalo esinamandla okumelana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokusikeka njengokuthena; nokho-ke, zingazwela kakhulu emakhazeni, ikakhulukazi lapho zisencane kakhulu.
Ngokwezifundo ezihlukene ze-botany, isitshalo esihlala siluhlaza sithathwa njengesitshalo esihlaselayo esingaveza ukukhula okusheshayo futhi, ngenxa yokubekezelela izimo ezihlukahlukene, singanikeza inani elikhulu lezithelo ezingafinyelela ukuze zihlakazwe izinyoni, zingatholakala nasemapaki, ezikweleni, ezicingweni zasenkulisa, emigwaqweni yaseceleni nasezingadini.
Bangabonisa ukubekezelela okukhulu emthunzini, lolu hlobo lwesici lunganikeza isitshalo esihlala siluhlaza esikhula ngisho nasemahlathini nakwamanye amahlozi inqobo nje uma sigcinwe esimweni esihle sokongiwa, ngokuvamile kulezi zindawo bangagcina yaminza ngaphezu kwanoma yini enye lapho kuvela olunye uhlobo olukhula eduze kwayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, iyakwazi ukusungula isizinda esinezimo ezithile ezingakhinyabeza ukuzalwa kabusha futhi zithinte ngisho nokuphila kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezikuleyo ndawo.
Isitshalo esihlala siluhlaza sibonakala ngokuthi uma sihlasela singakwazi ukukhiqiza indawo engabonwa, lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokuthi sithola ukuncipha kokumbozwa kwayo yonke indawo lapho uhlaka lwezitshalo nezihlahlana luveza isici esifikayo. inikeza ukunotha okuncane. , inqobo nje uma ishintsha usebe lwembewu lwenhlabathi ezohlwanyelwa kuyo kanye nenani elincane lezinhlobo zemvelo.
Zonke izithelo zesitshalo esihlala siluhlaza zibonakala ngokuba nenyama futhi zibe ukudla okubaluleke kakhulu futhi okufunwa yizinyoni, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezinjenge-thrush; Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uma izitshalo zingakhi imbewu evame ukubhekwa yizinyoni, zivame ukufuna lezo zesihlahla esihlala siluhlaza, konke lokhu kungabangela ushintsho olukhulu ezinyonini ezihlala endaweni.
Isihlahla sihlala sibaluleke kakhulu ekuhlaseleni indawo yonke, ngenxa yalokhu singakwazi ukukhiqiza inani elikhulu lezinguquko kuyo yonke imijikelezo ye-hydrological (izimo zemvula namanzi kuyo yonke indawo) ku-ecosystems engahlasela, Konke lokhu kungaholela ekutheni inani lamanzi atholakalayo kuwo wonke umkhakha ukuze asetshenziswe akwazi ukuncipha.
Izakhiwo ze-Evergreen Tree
Isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza singacatshangwa ukuthi ku-ecology yaso singatholakala sine-parasited yi-mistletoe, ebonakala ngokuba nezindawo zokwelapha, lapho sinikeza khona izakhiwo zokulwa namagciwane (ngisho nokuvimbela noma ukubulala ukukhula kwezinambuzane ezifuna ukunamathela esikhumbeni), kube i-antioxidant (ivimbela futhi ibambezele noma yimuphi umonakalo okhiqizwa kuwo wonke amaseli).
Ingaveza izakhiwo ze-immunological ezisebenza njengesikhuthazi sokuzivikela ezifweni, kanye ne-hypolipidemic (enomthwalo wokunciphisa wonke amazinga e-lipids aqoqwe egazini), inezici ze-antidiabetic (inciphisa wonke amazinga e-glucose aqoqwe egazini), ine-antidiarrheal. kanye nezakhiwo ze-antihypertensive (kungasiza ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi).
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Evergreen Tree
Ukusetshenziswa kwesihlahla esihlala siluhlaza kuvela ekusetshenzisweni kwaso yizizwe zasePolynesia ezihlala eziqhingini zaseNew Zealand, ngokuvamile zikwaziwa ngokuthi amaMaori noma amaMaori, lezi zizwe zingakwazi ukukhuhla ngamahlamvu esihlahla njalo. eluhlaza phezu kwesikhumba sonke, ngale ndlela bavimbela omiyane ukuba bangabakhathazi futhi babalume, begqamisa izici zokuxosha.
Ingasetshenziswa ngendlela yokuhlobisa ngaphandle njengasemasimini, ezindleleni nasezindlini; yona, ingaba ngokwemvelo ukuze itshalwe emaphethelweni azo zonke izitshalo njengasemigwaqweni nasemaphethelweni, ngenxa yalokhu zingabekwa ngamaqembu kodwa futhi ngazinye; kufaneleka kakhulu ukulinywa kuzo zonke izingadi ezisogwini.
Ubuthi
Isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza singasebenza kakhulu ezifundweni zesayensi ngoba sinobuthi obungalimaza isibindi, lesi sibizwa nge ngaiona, lolu hlobo lwesitshalo lungadliwa izilwane ezidala izifo nokufa.izinkomo ezifana nezinkomo, izingulube nezimvu, ukuba yisici esifanelekile samapulazi nokuzalanisa izinkomo, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokudala ukudakwa kwezinkomo ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba.
Ukulima kwe-Evergreen
Isitshalo esihlala siluhlaza, ngenxa yezimo zaso njengezinhlobo zokuhlobisa, singafunwa kakhulu ukunakekelwa nokuhlobisa izindawo zangaphandle nezangaphakathi, kulokhu sizogqamisa izimo ezibalulekile ezidingekayo ukuze kukhule kahle isitshalo :
Indawo
Izitshalo zihlale zizuza endaweni lapho zitshalwe futhi zikhula njalo, zisebenzisa izici ezihlukahlukene ezingase zivune ngokwemvelo, njengokukhanya kwelanga, umoya ngisho namanzi. Endabeni yesitshalo esihlala siluhlaza, singakhula kahle ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi kunconywa ukuthi sibe nokuchayeka elangeni, nakuba kungaphawulwa ukuthi i-evergreen ingakhula emthunzini omncane.
Ukuphindaphinda
Ukuphindaphindeka kwezitshalo kuhlobene ngokuphelele nokukhiqizwa ezingase ukwethula, ngokobulili (ngembewu kanye nempova okuzoncika ekubambeni iqhaza kwezinyosi lapho zithutha amangqamuzana abesilisa kumaseli wesifazane) kungaba yi-asexual ( ukusika noma ama-protuberances esitshalo) .
Isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza singaphindaphindeka ngokuzalana okungasexual (ukusikwa) kanye nokuzalana ngokocansi (imbewu). Uma kwenzeka ngembewu, zibonakala ngokuba yinqubo engasheshi ngoba kuthatha izinyanga ezimbalwa ukuhluma. Endabeni yokutshalwa ngokushesha okukhulu, kuhle ukunciphisa ubukhulu balo lonke ungqimba lwangaphandle lwamatshe, ukulikhuhla kahle kakhulu ngommese noma nange-sandpaper, ngale ndlela kungenzeka ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuhluma.
Uma ufuna ukusabalalisa izimpande eziqala ukwakha cishe emavikini angu-5 kuya kwangu-9, kungcono kulokhu ukusebenzisa izixazululo ze-hormone ze-rooting ezingasetshenziswa ekusikeni.
Ukuthumela okungaphansi
Okunye okumele kukhunjulwe uma kutshalwa isitshalo umhlabathi noma umhlabathi ongavuna ukuthuthukiswa kwaso nokukhula ngendlela efanele, ngoba unomthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlinzeka ngamaminerali adingekayo aqinisa ukukhula kwesitshalo. Ngokuphathelene nomhlabathi kanye nomhlabathi, kunconywa ukuthi ube ne-acidic, i-alkaline noma okungcono kakhulu i-pH engathathi hlangothi, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza singakhula enhlabathini enosawoti; egqamisa iqiniso lokuthi ingakhula kuyo yonke ingxenye engaphansi komhlaba, ikhule iqine kukho konke ukuthungwa kwayo, okungcono i-clayey, i-loamy noma isihlabathi.
Ngokuvamile inhlabathi kufanele ikhishwe, ngezinye izikhathi ingabonisa izici ezithile ezenza kube lula ukuhamba kwawo kwamanzi, okugqamisa ukuthi isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza sifika njengenhlabathi ecebile nge-peat, evumela ukuba bachume emhlabathini ngisho nalabo abampofu futhi abomile.
Ukunisela
Ukunisela kuhambisana nesici esibalulekile sokukhula okuhle kwezitshalo, ngoba babambisana ekufezeni izinqubo ze-biochemical ezivuna zonke izitshalo. Kulokhu, kunconywa ukuthi izingozi kufanele zibe ngokulinganisela ngangokunokwenzeka, kucatshangelwa ukuthi izinhlobo ezihlala ziluhlaza zingaphila kahle ngezikhathi zesomiso, ziqokomisa ukutshalwa kwazo ezindaweni ezishisayo noma zase-Atlantic lapho kungadingeki ukuba kwenziwe uhlobo oluthile. wokunisela ngenxa yokuba khona kwamanzi anele ngenxa yezimvula ezikhona endaweni.
Dlula
Umanyolo uhambisana nezinto ezengezwe ngqo emhlabathini ukuze kuqiniswe izakhiwo zayo kanye nezinzuzo ezinganikeza izitshalo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi inhlabathi ingacekelwa phansi futhi ilahlekelwe yizimo zayo zokuqala, lokhu kungenxa yokuchayeka ezingxenyeni ezahlukene kanye ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kokutshala izitshalo. Kulokhu, kungagqanyiswa ukuthi isitshalo esihlala siluhlaza asidingi noma yiluphi uhlobo lomanyolo okhethekile, lokhu kungabangelwa ukuthi ziyizitshalo ezimelana kakhulu futhi azidingi ukunakekelwa okuningi.
Izinhlupho nezifo
Izitshalo zivame ukuchayeka ezintweni ezihlukene ezenzeka emvelweni, ezivuna kakhulu ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwazo, ngaphezu kwalokho zingase zichayeke kumabhaktheriya nama-microorganisms asendaweni ezungezile, okuthinta kakhulu umhlaba wezitshalo kanye nezitshalo ezithile zezitshalo. Endabeni yesihlahla esihlala siluhlaza, sibonakala ngokumelana kakhulu futhi ngakho-ke, akuvamile ukuveza izinkinga ngokuphathelene nezinambuzane noma izifo.
Ishidi le-data
Amashidi obuchwepheshe yilawo abhalwe phansi abulawa izazi zezitshalo eziphethe ucwaningo lwezinhlobo zezitshalo, ziqokomisa kulokhu ishidi lobuchwepheshe elibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo ezihlala ziluhlaza eliqokomisa igama lazo lesayensi nezici eziyinhloko zalolu hlobo:
- Igama lesayensi: Myoporum laetum
- Igama elivamile, elaziwayo nelidumile: Evergreen, transparent, gandula, myóporo, myosporo noma gandul.
- Umsuka noma indawo yokuzalwa: New Zealand
- Ubude: Lolu hlobo lubonakala ngokufinyelela kumamitha ayi-10 ukuphakama.
Ukusetshenziswa kanye nezicelo: Ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa izitshalo ezihlukahlukene ezinezinjongo zokuhlobisa, ngisho nezizwe ezithile zingasebenzisa amaqabunga azo ukuze zihlikihle isikhumba ukuze zixoshe omiyane.
Ukuphindaphindeka: Izindlela zokukhiqiza eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswayo zisikwa nangembewu.
Ukuhluma: Isikhathi sokuhluma saso singathatha izinyanga ezimbalwa, kucatshangelwa isitshalo esinensayo ekukhuleni kwaso, uma kwenzeka ufuna ukusheshisa inqubo, kuhle ukuthi usihlabathile kancane ungqimba lwangaphandle lwembewu.
Izakhiwo: Igqama ngokuba nohlobo lwe-parasitic oluhlaselayo, olwaziwa nge-mistletoe futhi lunezici ezibalulekile ezifana ne-antibacterial, i-antioxidant, kanye ne-immune stimulant, hypolipidemic, antidiarrheal kanye ne-antihypertensive.
I-evergreen ibhekwa njengesihlahla esihle kakhulu, uhlobo olungamelana kakhulu ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zesomiso, isitshalo esifunwa kakhulu ukuhlobisa kanye nokuxosha omiyane, nakuba singase singabekezeleli isimo sezulu esibandayo.
Sithemba ukuthi le ndatshana ibe wusizo, sikushiyela abanye ozokuthakasela ngokuqinisekile: