Isihlahla sithathwa njengesinye sezitshalo ezifanele kakhulu esintwini, siqokomisa iqiniso lezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ezingatholakala emhlabeni wonke, kulesi sihloko sizokwethula ku-Ficus Tree, ethathwa njengesihlahla esiphelele sezivande ezinkulu.
isihlahla se-ficus
Izihlahla zibhekwa njengezinhlobo zezitshalo ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi zibhekwa njengeziyinhloko ekufezeni inqubo ebaluleke kakhulu ye-biochemical yokuphila emhlabeni eyaziwa ngokuthi i-photosynthesis, ehlinzeka yonke iplanethi nge-oxygen eyigugu, nayo evelele. ngezinhlobonhlobo zayo ezinkulu zezinhlobo eziletha ukuhlukahluka nobuhle ezindaweni zemvelo, phakathi kwazo isihlahla se-Ficus.
Isihlahla se-Ficus saziwa nangokuthi i-Ficus Benjamina, saziwa nangokuthi i-Boxwood noma i-Laurel, ngesinye sezihlahla ezitshalwa kakhulu ngomqhele waso omkhulu onikeza umthunzi obaluleke kakhulu futhi osebenzayo wezingadi zasekhaya namapulazi. Igama layo lingahluka kuye ngezwe itholakala kulo, iRubber Banjamina eNingizimu Melika, iLaurel de la India eMexico, phakathi kwabanye.
Ihambisana nesihlahla esihlala siluhlaza, ngakho-ke ayithinteki ngokushintsha kwezinkathi zonyaka, izalelwa eNingizimu naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, kuthiwa futhi ivela eNingizimu naseNyakatho ye-Australia. Kuthathwa njengesihlahla esisemthethweni saseBangkok (Thailand). Ibonakala ngokufinyelela kumamitha ayi-15 ukuphakama, inomqhele we-parasol ongafinyelela kumamitha ayi-6. Yakhiwe ngamaqabunga aphakathi kuka-6 kuya ku-13 cm ubude, futhi anesimo se-oval.
Izithelo zawo umkhiwane, mncane kakhulu futhi ufinyelela ku-1 isentimitha. Uma sezivuthiwe zingaba osawolintshi, kuye ngendawo yazo yemvelo, ezinye izilwane zivame ukuzidla njengezinyoni.
I-Ficus benjamina ingenye yezihlahla ezitshalwa kakhulu eLatin America, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yomqhele wayo obanzi onikeza umthunzi omningi ukuze uzivikele elangeni, wonke amaqabunga awo mancane ngokwanele ukuba asetshenziswe njengeBonsai, ingaba futhi. zigcinwe njengezinhlobo zokuhlobisa ngaphakathi ekhaya.
Izici zesihlahla se-Ficus
Isihlahla se-Ficus sibonakala kakhulu ngomqhele waso omkhulu nezithelo ezifana nesawolintshi, singafinyelela kumamitha ayi-15 ukuphakama futhi singathathwa kalula njengamagatsha aluhlaza namaqabunga amise okweqanda angaba namasentimitha ayi-6 kuye kwayi-13. emaphethelweni awo kukhona acuminate (kancane kancane ancipha). Inezindawo zomdabu ngenxa yesithelo sayo esincane.
Ngesikhathi sasebusika ingagcina intuthuko ngendlela encane, lapho ifika ngezikhathi zasentwasahlobo isheshisa indlela yayo yokukhula futhi ikhiqize amahlumela amasha ukuze ikhiqize kabusha.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ezaziwa ngokuthi uFicus Benjamina, uFicus Robusta kanye noFicus Binnendijkii; Ngokuvamile i-Ficus kungenzeka ibe nokuqubuka okuphawulekayo ezikhathini zasentwasahlobo, njengoba ibukeka kahle futhi ibukisa kakhulu, lokhu kuqubuka kuvame ukuhlala kuze kube maphakathi nekwindla, bese kuthi ngenkathi yasebusika, kucashe noma ukuwa ukuze konge amandla anele .
Ukukhula kwesihlahla se-Ficus kuthanda kakhulu ngalezo zinsuku ezinde, ezinokushisa okuphezulu futhi ezilinganiselayo ebusuku, ukukhula kwaso kulinganiswa ngotshani baso obutholakala esitshalweni, sinamaqabunga anemibala ehlukahlukene eluhlaza. , imifino ethambile ivame ukuba encane, kuyilapho ezindala zinombala oluhlaza obumnyama kakhulu. Naphezu kokuba isihlahla esingapheli, bangashintsha ama-shades abo ukuze bavumelane nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa ngezikhathi zasebusika.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezweni laseColombia lesi sihlahla sivinjelwe ngokuphelele ukutshalwa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, sinentuthuko ephawulekayo ezimpandeni zayo, ezithinta amapayipi, indle futhi ibangele ngisho nokuvinjelwa okungathinta izinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi.
Ukunakekelwa Kwezihlahla ze-Ficus
Zonke izihlahla ezitshalwe futhi ezitshalwa ngendlela yokuhlobisa ukuhlobisa izindawo zangaphakathi zamakhaya nezingadi, kumele zibe nokunakekelwa okukhethekile ukuze zilondoloze ubukhazikhazi bazo kanye nezici zabo ezifanele kakhulu, ngakho-ke usazise ezinye zezincomo zokwenza ukugcinwa kwesihlahla. I-Ficus:
Indawo
Isihlahla se-Ficus singafinyelela usayizi omdala, akukhuthazwa ukuba sibe naso ngaphakathi kwezindlu, kulokhu kungcono ngaphandle, engadini enkulu lapho ingatholakala khona elangeni. Kuyadingeka ukuthi zitshalwe ngebanga elincane elingamamitha ayi-10 ukusuka emapayipini aseduze noma ezitshalweni ezinde, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izimpande zazo zihlasela kakhulu.
Uma kwenzeka ukuba nayo ngaphakathi endlini, kunconywa ukuthi kube yikamelo elikhanyiswa ikakhulukazi ebusheni bayo, kunconywa ukuthi lithenwe njalo.
Inhlabathi noma i-substrate
Ama-substrates abhekwa njengezinhlobo zenhlabathi lapho isihlahla singatshalwa khona, kucatshangelwa izimo ezikhethekile ezingase zidinge inhlabathi, kulokhu isihlahla se-Ficus asifuni kakhulu, singatshalwa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwenhlabathi. Ngenxa yokuthi ikwazi ukuzivumelanisa kalula nezimo ze-substrate, okuwukuphela kwento enconyiwe ukuthi ibe yileyo enamanzi amahle, njengenhlabathi enesihlabathi.
Ukunisela
Ukuchelela kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekunakekeleni izitshalo, ngoba ukunikezwa kwamanzi kubalulekile ekukhuleni kwezihlahla, ikakhulukazi ngalezo zikhathi lapho izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lidinga khona. Endabeni yesihlahla se-ficus, kuyadingeka ukuthi ngesikhathi sasehlobo kufanele kwenziwe kaningi, ukuvimbela umhlaba ukuthi ungaqhekeki noma wome, ngakho-ke, kunconywa izikhathi ezi-3 ngesonto; ekupheleni konyaka kunconywa ukuthi kube kuncane kakhulu.
Umbhalisile
Obhalisile uhambisana nokwelashwa ngezinto eziphilayo ezinothile ngamaminerali azonikeza izakhiwo emhlabathini, ngale ndlela ukukhula kwezitshalo kukhuthazwa ngendlela eyanele. Endabeni yokuba nesihlahla se-ficus engadini noma ezindaweni ezingaphandle, kuhle ukusikhokha ngoba izimpande zaso zidinga inani elikhulu lezakhamzimba ezingakhona ukuze sikhule isitshalo.
Uma kunesihlahla se-Ficus embizeni, kuyadingeka ukuthi sivundiswe ngezikhathi zasentwasahlobo futhi nasehlobo, ikakhulukazi ngomanyolo we-universal, okungcono uketshezi, uma ungazi inani elidingekayo, ungaba. iqondiswa yizinkomba zesitsha.
Isikhathi sokutshala noma sokutshala kabusha
Izitshalo ziyathonywa futhi ziyazuza ngokuya ngesikhathi ezitshalwe ngaso, kuzoncika kakhulu ohlotsheni lwesitshalo kanye nesikhathi sokutshala. Endabeni yesihlahla se-Ficus, kubhekwa njengesihlahla esishisayo, kufanele sitshalwe engadini ngemuva kokuchitha sonke isikhathi sasentwasahlobo embizeni, izinga lokushisa kufanele libe ngaphezu kuka-15 degrees Celsius.
Izinambuzane
Izitshalo zihlale zichayeka ezimeni ezehlukene zemvelo, zizuza ukukhanya kwelanga, amanzi ngisho nomoya ukuze zikhule, kodwa ziphinde zichayeke kumagciwane kanye nezinambuzane ezingaba nomthelela ekukhuleni kwazo ngisho nokuzithwala. ukufa, usazise ukuthi yiziphi Okuvame kakhulu okuthonya isihlahla se-ficus:
- I-Red spider: izicabucabu ezincane ezibomvu (amamilimitha angu-0.5), zivame ukunamathela ngaphansi kwamaqabunga ngaleso sikhathi zidla amangqamuzana amaqabunga. Izimpawu eziyinhloko zesicabucabu esibomvu ukubonakala kweqoqo lamachashaza aphuzi aphenduka abe nsundu aze ome. Ingelashwa ngama-acaricides.
- I-Cochineals: iyisinambuzane esibukeka njenge-cottony esinamazenga ansundu, ngokuvamile atholakala ngaphansi kwamaqabunga. Ingalungiswa ngekotini efakwe ku-isopropyl alcohol.
- I-aphid: ihambisana ne-parasite encane kakhulu (ubude obungu-0.5cm), ingaba luhlaza, phuzi noma ibe nsundu. Ngokuvamile atholakala emaqabunga amasha esitshalo, kanye naseziqwini ezincane. Ingalungiswa ngama-insecticides nge-Chlorpyrifos.
Izihlahla
Ukuthena kuyindlela evame ukusetshenziswa ukususa lawo magatsha ezitshalo omile, ashwabene futhi angalungile angakhinyabeza ukukhula nobuhle bawo. Endabeni yesihlahla se-Ficus, kunconywa ukuthi sithenwe ekupheleni kobusika, amagatsha omile, agulayo futhi abonakala ebuthaka kufanele asuswe, futhi lawo magatsha angakhula kakhulu, kufanele asikwe ngesikelo kodwa abulawe amagciwane. utshwala.
Ukuphindaphinda
Ukuphindaphinda kuhlobene nokuzala kabusha kwesitshalo ngokuya ngokusobala ngobunjalo baso, kulokhu kuhlotshaniswa nokuhlwanyelwa kwembewu noma nangokusikwa, okuqokonyiswe ngezansi:
Ukuhlwanyela
Ukukhiqizwa ngokuhlwanyela kuhlobene nembewu eqoqwe esitshalweni, ngokuvamile ngezinye izinhlobo zezinyosi ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa noma izihlahla, imbewu yezimbali noma izithelo zazo, inqubo esetshenziswe kulokhu okulandelayo:
- Okokuqala, imbewu kumele itholwe ngesikhathi sasentwasahlobo bese ifakwa embizeni yamanzi ubusuku bonke.
- Ngosuku olulandelayo, zonke lezo zimbewu ezingase zisale zintanta kufanele zilahlwe.
- Khona-ke umbhede wembewu kufanele ulungiswe, ungaba ibhodwe ngisho nethreyi lembewu. Ngezinye izikhathi izitsha zepulasitiki zingasetshenziswa, izimbobo kufanele zenziwe ukuze kukhishwe amanzi.
- Ngemuva kwalokho i-substrate yesiko lomhlaba wonke kufanele yengezwe ukuze iniselwe kamuva.
- Imbewu isakazwa phezu kwayo yonke indawo, kuyadingeka ukuthi ibe nebanga phakathi kwayo cishe ngamasentimitha ama-4.
- Manje, isibabule noma ithusi kufanele kufafazwe ngale ndlela ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwesikhunta.
- Umbhede wembewu kufanele umbozwe nge-substrate encane
- Okokugcina, umbhede wembewu kufanele ubekwe endaweni echayeke elangeni eliqondile.
Ezimweni eziningi lesi sitshalo sizoqala ukuhluma cishe inyanga ngemva kokutshalwa.
Izithelo
Ama-cuttings ahambisana nohlobo lokuzala okungajwayelekile, lapho isitshalo sikhiqiza amahlumela noma ama-protuberance esiqwini saso ukuze asuswe kamuva ngaphandle kokulimaza isiqu. Endabeni yesihlahla se-Ficus, kuyadingeka ukukhetha igatsha elingama-semi-wood cishe amasentimitha angama-20 entwasahlobo, kuyadingeka ukuthi bethulwe ngamanzi futhi bahlambulule amahomoni awuketshezi athanda ukukhula kwawo, kuyadingeka ukushintsha amanzi. futhi uyihlanze njalo emavikini ama-2 noma ama-3.
Isibindi
Isihlahla se-ficus sithathwa njengesihlahla se-rustic, esikwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu, kodwa ikakhulukazi izinkathi zesithwathwa ezifika cishe ku--4 degrees Celsius.
I-Ficus Tree Bonsai
Ibhonsai ihambisana nendlela esetshenziswa umsuka waseJapan enesibopho sokutshala izihlahla noma ezinye izitshalo ngokulawula usayizi wazo, ngale ndlela ukukhula kwazo kulawulwa futhi zihlala zincane kunezemvelo, konke lokhu ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokutshala kanye nokuthena. I-Ficus ilungele ukugcinwa njenge-bonsai.
I-Ficus ingabhekwa njengezimpande ezihlasela kakhulu, ijwayele ukuba yisitshalo okufanele sinakekelwe ngokuqinile, ikakhulukazi amaqabunga avame ukuba mancane, ngakho-ke inokunakekelwa okuqinile okuqokonyiswe ngezansi:
- Indawo: Indawo yesihlahla se-Ficus kufanele kube ezindaweni ezingaphandle lapho ivezwa khona emthunzini omncane, esimweni sokuba ezindaweni zangaphakathi njengendlu kunconywa ukuthi zibe nokukhanya okuningi.
- I-Substrate: ihambisana naleyo nhlabathi ephakelwa nezinye izakhiwo ukuze kuzuze ukukhula kwesitshalo, kulokhu njenge-humus engu-60% + 30% yesihlabathi esimahhadla + 10% peat emnyama.
- Ukuchelela: Kunconywa ukuchelela ngesikhathi sasehlobo phakathi kwezikhathi ezi-4-5 ngesonto ngoba zivamise ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kalula; unyaka wonke kufanele iniselwe phakathi kwezinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu.
- Subscriber: umanyolo kumele ufakwe ezitshalweni ngokulandela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi.
- Ukuthena: kungcono ukuthi kwenziwe entwasahlobo, ukuze kutshalwe kabusha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kunconywa uma isiqu sinamaqabunga angama-4-6, kamuva asikwe phakathi kwamaqabunga ama-2.
- Izintambo: kunconywa ukuthi zenziwe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Ukuvikela isiqu namagatsha ngokunokwenzeka ukotini.
- Ukufakelwa kabusha: Kunconywa njalo eminyakeni emi-2, ngenkathi yasentwasahlobo.
Siyethemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sibe usizo, sikushiyela abanye abazokuthakasela ngokuqinisekile