Izihlahla zimelela ukubaluleka okukhulu emphakathini, ngenxa yawo wonke amagalelo anomthelela kuwo, ngaphezu kwalokho kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezihlahla eziye zaholela ososayensi abaningi ukuba bahlole izakhiwo zabo, kulokhu lapha sizofunda mayelana Nezakhiwo Zokwelapha ze-Popular Tree. .
I-Alamo
Ubhabhulini waziwa nangokuthi i-poplar, igama lawo lesayensi yi-Populus Alba, eyingxenye yohlobo lwe-Populis kanye nemindeni ye-Salicaceae, engavamile kakhulu ngokufinyelela ukuphakama okukhulu nokuba namahlamvu, inezici eziningi zokumangalisa nokuba nemibala. okungokomfanekiso kakhulu ngenkathi yasekwindla, ikakhulukazi lapho ilahlekelwa amahlamvu ayo athola umbala wegolide.
Ziyizihlahla ezidabuka eYurophu, e-Asia naseNyakatho Afrika, ezinye zezinhlobo zazo ezidume kakhulu i-poplar esiliva kanye ne-Afghan poplar. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezinikezwe lesi sihlahla izinkuni ezinezici zokwelapha, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukulima kwayo kuye kwasakazeka ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ezifanayo; Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu bomdabu baye bagxila ekutholeni izingxenye zamagxolo esihlahla ukuthi kamuva zisetshenziselwe amafutha okugcoba nama-syrups, ngaphezu kokuwasebenzisa emikhubeni yabo yezindawo zabo ezahlukene.
Izici ze-Popular
Isici esiyinhloko se-poplar yisiqu sawo esiqinile futhi esihle kakhulu, esiveza ukukhula okusheshayo okungamamitha angu-30 ubude kanye nemitha elilodwa ububanzi. Inesimbozo samagxolo amhlophe namnyama esisekelweni sayo, ngaphezu kokwethula amabala amnyama amele amagatsha awo amadala kakhulu.
Izimpande zikapopulari zigqama ngokuphuma phansi, ikakhulukazi lezo okuyizona eziyinhloko, uma kuyizimpande zesibili zingaba zinde futhi zinwetshwe. Nakuba umqhele waso noma indawo engaphezulu yesihlahla sikabhabhulini inamahlamvu, ibanzi futhi ayijwayelekile, iveza amaqabunga alula futhi ashintshashintshayo anomumo wesundu namachopho amageji.
Zibhekwa njengezihlahla ezinhle kakhulu futhi eziyisici ngezikhathi ezihlukene zonyaka, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zasekwindla, ngaphambi kokuwa zithatha umbala ophuzi ocishe ube yigolide, okukhanga kakhulu izithombe, izithombe kanye nezivakashi. Zibhekwa njengezintandokazi ezindaweni ezithile zase-Asia, kunezitshalo ezihlinzeka ngendlela enhle yezihlahla ze-poplar futhi zihanjwa kakhulu izivakashi ekwindla nasebusika.
Zibhekwa njengezihlahla ze-dioecious, yizo ezibhekisela kubantu besilisa nabesifazane ngabanye, okuphambene ngokuphelele ne-hermaphrodite. Izimbali zesilisa zobhabhulini zivame ukuba zinkulu futhi zibe nombala obomvu, kuyilapho izimbali zesifazane zinombala ophuzi-ophuzi. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-aspens iqhakaza isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqale ukuvela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baveza uhlobo lwesithelo olusesimweni seqanda elingenaboya futhi elingenaboya, imbewu yalo ifana nepulangwe elinezinwele.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Popular
Ubhabhulini ugqame kakhulu ngemibala yawo eminingi ehlukahlukene kanye nokuletha ubuhle endaweni, esinye sezici zawo eziyinhloko ukuba nokhuni olulula kakhulu nolunemicu oluvumela ukuba lome ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, kunezitshalo ezinkulu ezixhunywe ukuze zithole inzuzo enkulu ezintweni ezingavuthiwe, ezaziwa ngokuthi i-cellulose pulp, ebalulekile ekwenzeni iphepha.
I-cellulose pulp ibonakala ngokunikeza ukumelana nokukhiqizwa kwephepha, futhi isetshenziselwa kabanzi ukuthola i-cellulose ukwenza amabhokisi nokhuni lokupakisha. Ukugcizelela ngokuyinhloko ukuthi i-cellulose etholwe ku-poplar inokuqukethwe okuphezulu koshukela wesici okumele usetshenziselwe ukukhiqizwa kwe-ethanol noma ama-biofuels.
Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu ingasetshenziswa njengesinqamuleli somoya futhi ngenxa yokuthi inamaqabunga ingakwazi ukunikeza umthunzi, ngakho-ke ingatholakala kalula ezingadini, emigwaqweni nasemapaki. Enye yezinto okufanele uyikhumbule ukusebenzisa umhlabathi omningi ngenxa yezimpande zawo ezinde.
Ukutshalwa kwePopular
Ubhabhulini udinga isimo sezulu esipholile, okungukuthi, isimo sezulu esibandayo ukuze uthuthuke kahle, ube nomswakama, ucebile ngezinto eziphilayo futhi ukhishwe amanzi. Kudingeka ukuba khona kokukhanya kwelanga ukuze kukhule kahle, kugqanyiswe iqiniso lokuthi zikhula ngokushesha kodwa azidluli iminyaka engama-60. Isikhathi sokuzalanisa kungcono ebusika, lapho iqala khona ukumila ngokwembewu yayo futhi iqhume kalula.
Zingaphindaphindeka ngokusikwa futhi ngendlela efanayo phansi kwesihlahla sikabhabhulini esikhulile, zikhule emhlabathini omusha, ocebile futhi oswakeme ngenxa yokuthi ziseduze kakhulu nemifula; baphinde babe nekhono lokukhula enhlabathini enesihlabathi esisogwini futhi bamelane nokuba seduze namanzi anosawoti. Ngaphezu kokumelana nezimo zezulu ezibandayo kanye nokushisa okudlulele, okuvumela ukukhula kwayo ngokushesha, inezimpande eziphawulekayo nezinolaka, ngakho-ke kuhle ukuyikhulisa kude nezinye izihlahla nezindawo zokwakha.
I-Symbology ye-Alamo
Igqame kakhulu ngobuhle bayo obukhulu kodwa igqame kakhulu ngokusetshenziswa kwamanye amasiko amasiko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngoba ukuphulukisa kanye nezakhiwo ezingaqondakali kuthiwa kubangelwa kukho, ngokwezinkolelo kuhlobene nezwe le-esoteric, kubhekwa njengento ehlobene nomoya. kuplanethi ye-mercury.
Emandulo wawusetshenziswa njengesivikelo ngoba wawuthathwa njengokwesabisa imimoya emibi futhi wawumele uphawu lokuvikeleka, kukholelwa ukuthi wawuvikela ekwebiweni, ngenxa yalokho kwazalwa imilingo yokulwa nokweba. Le nkolelo idume kakhulu eJapane, isetshenziswa emathempelini amaShinto lapho kwenziwa khona imikhosi lapho ishaywa khona emoyeni ukuze yethuse ama-Oni (amademoni nama-ogre asentshonalanga).
Izinsumansumane ezehlukene nazo kuthiwa zadalwa yilo, uma liqhathaniswa nempilo ngenxa yemibala yalo eluhlaza ngendlela efanayo ngesikhathi lilahleka umbala walo ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka lihlobene njengesihlahla somngcwabo, kubhekwa ukuthi yibona abahlehlayo. amandla emvelo. Waphinde wangcweliswa kuHercules, njengoba ethweswe umqhele owakhiwe ngamagatsha owawumelela isibonakaliso sokunqoba enye yezimpi zakhe, okunye ukuqashelwa kwakhe kwakungamaNdiya aseMelika ayebheka ukuthi yonke imimoya enamandla kakhulu yayingaphakathi. poplar.
Ubhabhulini uhambisana nesici sokuvikela, amasiko ahlukene enziwa egameni lawo angaphansi kwebhamuza elivikelayo elizungeze umuntu ophethe ukuvimbela noma yimuphi umonakalo ongokwenyama kanye nomoya. Kunconywa ukuthi ungasebenzisi amaqabunga awo amnyama ngesikhathi semikhuba, kucatshangelwa ukuthi angakwazi ukukhiqiza izimo ezimbi futhi abangele nokufa, ngakho-ke, lesi sitshalo asikwazi ukusetshenziswa yinoma ubani kodwa kuphela ochwepheshe.
Izakhiwo Zokwelapha zePopla
Phakathi kwezakhiwo zayo eziyinhloko izinzuzo zayo zezempilo, ezivelele kakhulu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo lapho zazisetshenziswa khona emithini yesiGreki, lapho benza khona iqoqo lezifundo mayelana nezakhiwo ze-poplar ezibonisa ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye yesihlahla ingalwa nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezifo. , eqokomisa lezi zenzakalo phakathi nekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa.
Phakathi kwezinye zezakhiwo ezingagqanyiswa ukukhiqizwa kwe-salicin efihlekile yesihlahla sika-poplar, isibindi sinamandla okuguqula le salicin ibe i-salicylic acid, ethathwa njenge-analgesic enamandla kanye nesandulela semithi eminingi eyenziwe emuthini wamanje. , okuvumela ukugeleza kwegazi okukhulu, ukuziphatha kwe-antipyretic (ngokumelene nomkhuhlane) kanye nokulwa nokuvuvukala.
Amagxolo omuthi we-poplar acebile kakhulu ku-mannitol, kungumuthi onezakhiwo ze-diuretic, okungukuthi, uvuselela ukugeleza komchamo, futhi uvumela ukuqedwa kwezinso ze-lithium, futhi uqede uketshezi olugcinwe emalungeni ahlukene. I-Mannitol ingatholakala nasezinhlotsheni zezitshalo, ezifana ne-beet, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, iminqumo, nolwelwe.
Ezentela
I-taxonomy yezihlahla noma izitshalo isayensi enesibopho sokuzinikeza izigaba, amagama ngisho nezigaba zezinto eziphilayo ezahlukene; imithombo eyinhloko ye-taxonomic iziqondiso noma omagazini bezitshalo zokwelapha ezisetshenziswa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kwenziwa ucwaningo oluningiliziwe lwezinhlobo zezitshalo ngalunye, kukhushulwe ulwazi oluvelele kakhulu lwamakhemikhali nolwazi lwebhayoloji.
Izinhlobo zePopulus Alba zachazwa isazi sezitshalo uCarlos Linnaeus encwadini ethi Species Plantarum ngonyaka ka-1753, eyayiqukethe izinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo, endabeni kaPopulus Alba, umsuka wezinhlobo ezingama-335 ezizalelwa eYurophu, zisuka eNyakatho. kusukela e-Afrika, e-Asia naseNyakatho Melika, okugqamisa lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo njengezidumile zesihlahla sikabhabhulini:
- I-Populus denudata
- I-Populus bogueana
- I-Populus floccosa
- I-Populus globosa
- I-Populus heteroloba
- Populus hickeliana
- I-Populus megaleuce
- i-fibular populus
- I-Populus triloba
- Populus berkarensis Poljakov
- I-Populus excelsa Salisbury
- Alamo Jaguey
- i-bastard poplar
Siyethemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sibe usizo, sikushiyela isixhumanisi sabanye ozokuthakasela ngempela: