Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wokumboza umhlaba wonke zinikeza ubuhle, imvelo kodwa futhi zinikeza izakhiwo eziwusizo ekuthuthukisweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwempilo njengezakhiwo zayo zokwelapha kanye negalelo ekwakhiweni kwezinto zokwakha, kulokhu ake Siyazazi Izimpawu Zesihlahla Somlotha.
isihlahla somlotha
Izihlahla ziyizitshalo ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi ezifanele emhlabeni wezitshalo ngoba zisebenzisana nenqubo ye-biochemical ye-photosynthesis enesibopho sokuhlinzeka komoyampilo kuyo yonke iplanethi, eyaziwa ngokuthi amaphaphu omhlaba. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo ezitholakala kuzo zonke i-ecosystem, enikeza ukuhlukahluka nokuhlukahluka kwendawo futhi inikeza ubuhle emvelweni.
Olunye lwezinhlobo ezingagqanyiswa wumlotha Wesihlahla owaziwa ngeFraxinus, okungowomndeni wakwa-Oleaceae, kodwa igama lawo elijwayelekile wumlotha. Lo mndeni wakhiwe yizinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zezihlahla, cishe izinhlobo zezihlahla ezingaba ngu-65 ezinesimo esiphakathi nendawo ukuya esikhulu, eziwuhlobo lwama-deciduous, ezithonywa izimo zezulu ezihlukahlukene nokuhlukahluka.
Igama elithi Fraxinus livela kwelesiGrikhi elithi "Phraxo" elinencazelo "yokubiyelwa", ngokujwayelekile ehlobene nobudlelwano eyayinabo nokusebenzisa eyanikezwa yona ngamaRoma lapho yayisetshenziswa njengengxenye yokwakhiwa kwezindonga nokubiya ngocingo. Kuyafaneleka futhi eYurophu, ikakhulukazi ePortugal naseSpain, nasemazweni anesimo sezulu esishisayo.
Isihlahla Somlotha sibonakala ngokujwayelana kahle nezimo zezulu ezihlukene, ikakhulukazi izinga lokushisa, sinokumelana okukhulu nomoya futhi asivamisile ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphezulu, sincane kakhulu isomiso. Inomqhele oyindilinga ongafinyelela kumamitha ayisikhombisa ububanzi, lapho wonke amagatsha awo enwetshwe ngokugcwele futhi afinyelele kumamitha ayishumi nambili ukuphakama.
Kuyisihlahla esinesiqu esiqinile nesiqonde ngokuphelele, ngaphezu kokuba namagxolo amnyama naqhekekile. Izimbali zawo zivame ukuba mhlophe futhi zilula, zivame ukuqhakaza phakathi kwezinyanga zika-April no-May; Isihlahla seFresno sithathwa njengesihlahla sobuhle obuyisibonelo kakhulu ngenxa yemfucumfucu yamaqabunga aluhlaza nalapho sinamagatsha amahle kakhulu awela ebusika.
Izici
Isihlahla Somlotha sithathwa njengesihlahla esinamagatsha futhi singowomndeni wakwa-Oleaceae, ikakhulukazi izitshalo ezine-oda elithi Lamiales, izintaba kanye nezinkuni, ziyizinhlobo ze-hermaphrodite, lapho izitho zesilisa nezesifazane zikhona ohlotsheni olufanayo.
Phakathi kwezici zayo ze-morphological, kuyavela ukuthi isihlahla somlotha siyisitshalo esingafinyelela kumamitha angama-35 ukuphakama, lapho umqhele wawo ungahlala uvulekile ngokuphelele futhi umise okweqanda ngamagatsha anwetshiwe. Isiqu somuthi we-Ash sibonakala ngokuthi siqondile, futhi sinesimo se-tubular, singaba nombala ompunga futhi njengoba sikhula, amagxolo awo avame ukuqhekeka.
Isikhathi sokuqhakaza kwayo kuvame ukuba sentwasahlobo, lapho izimbali zayo zivame ukuba zincane futhi zazo zombili ubulili (owesilisa nowesifazane) ngoba zingama-hermaphrodites. Ukwethula umbala ongavamile onemithunzi phakathi komhlophe no-violet, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izithelo zawo zivame ukulengiswa ngendlela yama-bouquets aziwa ngokuthi ama-samaras, lapho sezivuthiwe ngokuvamile ziba nombala onsundu futhi zivumela imbewu ukuthi itshalwe ngokushesha. futhi uguqule..
Imvamisa isihlahla esingatshalwa ezindaweni ezishisayo ezahlukahlukene futhi sidabuka eNyakatho Melika, singatholakala nasezindaweni ezipholile ezifana ne-Europe ne-Asia. Indawo yayo imvamisa isebeni lwemifula, inhlabathi ene-alkaline nasemahlathini.
Ukutshala Umlotha
Izihlahla zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni zokuhlobisa kanye nokuboleka imvelo endaweni, ngakho-ke enye yezindlela eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa ngayo ukuhlobisa, okugqamisa ukuthi kufanele zibe nokunakekelwa okukhethekile kanye nokugcinwa ngokuhambisana nezinhlobo ezitshalwayo nezilinywayo, uma kwenzeka isihlahla, izimo ezithile zokunakekelwa okuqinile zivame ukugqanyiswa, ezihambisana nalezi zici ezilandelayo:
Izimbali
Izihlahla zigqama ngokuza ukuzokwethula isikhathi esihle sokuzala nokuvuthwa lapho ngezinkathi ezithile zonyaka ziyothela izithelo futhi ziqhakaze; Endabeni yeSihlahla Somlotha, ngesiqu saso kuneqoqo lamagatsha anezimbali ezimhlophe, alula impela, okuwanika ubuhle bokuhlobisa, ngakho afunwa kakhulu ngezimbali zawo ezingavamile.
Isihlahla somlotha sinesibopho sokuqhakaza ngenkathi yasentwasahlobo, singaba phakathi kwezinyanga zika-April no-May, lapho izinga lokushisa liphezulu. Ngaleso sikhathi bavame ukunikeza izithelo zabo ezinde ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-samara, lolu hlobo lwesithelo luyinqaba kakhulu ngenxa yezinhlamvu zalo ezilula futhi kulula ukuziqoqa, zingaba luhlaza.
I-Rugosity
Ukuqina kwezitshalo kuvame ukukalwa ngokukwazi ukumelana nezimo zemvelo ezivezwa kuzo, ngaleyo ndlela zikwazi ukumelana nalokho okwethulwa kuzo. Endabeni yesihlahla somlotha siwuhlobo olungenzima kakhulu ukulinywa futhi lokhu kungenxa yokumelana kakhulu nokungcoliswa, ngaphezu kokukwazi ukumelana nezinambuzane ezingase zivele kuzo, konke lokhu kuyenza uhlobo umhlobiso ephelele.
Uma ibhekene nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu, njengamazinga okushisa aphansi asebusika, iyakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi aze afike ku -12 degrees Celsius, ikwazi ukumelana namakhaza nesithwathwa, kodwa ngokuvamile ayiwavuni kakhulu amazinga okushisa aphezulu.
Indawo
Isihlahla Somlotha sivame ukutholakala emvelweni, ikakhulukazi emahlathini lapho umhlaba ujulile khona, nalawo anomswakama, amasha futhi anothe ngezinto eziphilayo. I-brake yesihlahla iwuhlobo olunezimo zemvelo oluvame ukuphila ngayo. Ukugqamisa iqiniso lokuthi ngeke ikhule ezindaweni ezibhekene nesomiso esihlala njalo kanye nokuntuleka komswakama endaweni.
Ukuphindaphinda
Izitshalo zinezindlela ezihlukene zokuzalanisa, konke kuzoncika ohlotsheni lwezinhlobo ezikuzo, okuvame kakhulu ngembewu emele uhlobo lokukhiqiza ngokocansi lapho ezinye izici zibamba iqhaza endabeni yezimbali, njengokuvuthwa kwempova. Kukhona futhi ukuphindaphindeka ngokusikwa, okubonisa ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwezitshalo.
Endabeni yeSihlahla Somlotha, ukukhiqizwa kabusha ngembewu kuvame ukusetshenziswa lapho zihlakazeke khona ngesikhathi sasekwindla, lapho imbewu idinga cishe ama-degree Celsius ama-4 ukuze iqhume cishe ezinyangeni ezi-4. Kulesi simo, kubalulekile ukugqamisa izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi, ngokuvamile eliphansi, lapho imbewu izohlala esimweni sokulala futhi ngeke iqhume.
Ukuchelela kanye Nomanyolo
Ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu uma kuziwa ekutshaleni kahle izitshalo ukuchelela, lapho kwengeza inani lamanzi anele ukukhula kwesitshalo, okugqamisa endabeni yesihlahla somlotha, sidinga ukuchelelwa okuningi ukukhula okuhle kwesitshalo emkhakheni otshaliwe.
Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, umanyolo uhambisana nento enesibopho sokuhlinzeka ngamaminerali adingekayo enhlabathini athanda ukukhula kwesitshalo, esimweni somuthi womlotha, kusetshenziswa umanyolo we-organic osetshenziswa ngezikhathi zasentwasahlobo. .
Izihlahla
Ukuthena kuhambisana nesethi yezindlela ezisetshenziswayo ukuze kuzuzwe ukugcinwa okusebenzayo kwesitshalo okufanele silinywe, ngokuvamile inhloso yakho ukususa zonke izindawo ezibunile nezomile ezinamathela esitshalweni futhi kuqedwe izindawo ezinesifo. Endabeni yeSihlahla Somlotha, uma ufuna ukukhula okufanele futhi okusheshayo, ukuthenwa kufanele kwenziwe okungenani kanye ngonyaka.
Imvamisa
Umhlabathi noma i-substrate esetshenziselwa ukutshalwa kwezitshalo imelela isici esibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni okwanele nokuhle kwezitshalo, isihlahla somlotha siwuhlobo lwesitshalo olungenalo uhlobo lwezinkinga noma ubunzima, olukwazi ukujwayela noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesimo sezulu, ingakhula kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwenhlabathi, kuhlanganise naleyo yohlobo lwe-calcareous, ngokuvamile inhlabathi enamaminerali amaningi.
Bangase badinge inani elikhulu lokunisela ngenxa yokuthi azikwazi ukumelana nesomiso kakhulu, zingakhula ngokwemvelo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinomswakama nasezindaweni ezinezintaba, ekugcineni zivame ukukhula ngendlela engcono kakhulu ngenxa yomswakama ophezulu okhona endaweni. inhlabathi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kuhle ukuyigcina emanzini anele ukuze ikhule kahle, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokukhukhula inhlabathi.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwesihlahla Somlotha
Isihlahla Somlotha siwumuthi ovelele kakhulu futhi oqinile, ngokuvamile sifunwa ukuphakama kwawo okukhulu kanye nokukhululeka kwawo ekunakekeleni, singaqina kakhulu futhi sibe siningi, uma kwenzeka ukunakekelwa okufanele esinye sezimpawu zaso eziyinhloko kuyoba ukubola nokufa kwe amaqabunga, lapho isihlahla somlotha siqala ukuba buthaka, singathonya umqhele wesihlahla, wonke amagxolo awo ngisho namagatsha. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukugcina ukunakekelwa okuhle ukuze ikhule inempilo futhi iqine, ifinyelele eminyakeni eyi-100.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, igqame njengesihlahla esasetshenziswa iminyaka eminingi ngokuhlobisa, ikakhulukazi ukuhlobisa izindawo zasemadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemakhaya, ezitshalwe emigwaqweni, izingadi kanye nama-patios amakhaya kanye nemikhakha yomphakathi, eveza ubuhle obuhle bemvelo obuletha imvelo endaweni. phakathi komphakathi.
Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu ezinikezwa isihlahla somlotha ukusetshenziswa kwaso ngokhuni lwaso, oluzuzisa kakhulu ngokubaza kanye nokwenza ikhabethe. Ukhuni lungasetshenziswa ukwenza amapulatifomu ahlukene kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-rustic, lokhu kuphinde kuthiwe ngenxa yokuguquguquka nokumelana kwayo, okusebenzayo ekuchazeni ezinye izihlalo namathuluzi efenisha.
Ukhuni lungasetshenziselwa izindikimba ezahlukene zemidlalo kanye nokwakhiwa kwezinsimbi zomculo ezifana neziginci, ezisetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni amalulwane e-baseball, izinti ze-hockey, amarakhethi ethenisi, phakathi kokunye.
Inikeza Umthunzi Ehlobo, Ukukhanya Ebusika
Isihlahla seFresno sithathwa njengesihlahla esinamagatsha, kubhekiselwa eqinisweni lokuthi sizolahlekelwa amahlamvu awo ngesikhathi esithile sonyaka, ikakhulukazi ebusika, afinyelele kumamitha ayi-15 ubude futhi sibe nomqhele omkhulu, onenzuzo kakhulu ezikhathini zasehlobo. ingavikela elangeni elibukhali, kuyilapho ebusika nasentwasahlobo kuzokwazi ukuthola ezibukwayo eziqhakaza ngaleso sikhathi.
Izimbali zayo zihlobisa kakhulu
Isihlahla Somlotha sinezimbali ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqoqana zibe ama-inflorescence, ngokuvamile zibushelelezi futhi zimhlophe ngombala, zihluma phakathi nobusika, zigqame phakathi kwazo zonke izitshalo ngoba izitshalo eziningi ziyalala futhi zizohlala kuze kube sekuqaleni kwehlobo.
Ubuhle ngesikhathi seNkwindla
Isihlahla Somlotha sithathwa njengesihlahla esingakholeki kakhulu nesihlaba umxhwele, sigqama kakhulu entwasahlobo nasehlobo, lapho sinamaqabunga anombala oluhlaza ogqame kakhulu, kuyilapho ekwindla sishintsha isitayela saso, imibala yaso igqame kakhulu futhi ihlukahluka ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo. uhlobo lwezinhlobo ezibomvu zeFraxinus Americana noma iFraxinus Ornus, oluphuzi ohlotsheni lweFraxinus Excelsior.
Izakhiwo zokwelapha
I-Fresno Tree ingaba nokusetshenziswa okuningi futhi enye yezinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko nezinkulu kakhulu yizinto zayo zokwelapha ezihlukene, ezisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukwelapha ezinye izifo ezihlobene nomkhuhlane ovamile, umkhuhlane kanye nezikhathi lapho unomkhuhlane; Ingakhulula noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuqunjelwa, ama-hemorrhoids kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
I-Ash leaf infusions ingenye yezimo eziyinhloko ezisetshenziselwa ukuqeda ukugcinwa koketshezi, okuwusizo ematshe ezinso kanye nezinkinga zomchamo. Ngaphandle kokuthi igxolo lidliwa njengengxube, libuye lisetshenziswe ukwenza amakhambi adayiswa yibo bonke abalapha kanye nasekulungiseni eminye imithi edayiswa emakhemisi.
Sithemba ukuthi le ndatshana ibe wusizo, sikushiyela abanye ozokuthakasela ngokuqinisekile: