Izitshalo zihambisana nenye yezinsiza eziyinhloko umuntu azama ukuthola inzuzo enkulu kunazo zonke ekuthuthukisweni komphakathi, kulokhu sizogqamisa ukubaluleka nokufaneleka kweSihlahla se-OmbĂș, esimele uhlobo lwesitshalo ukuthi ngaphezu kokuba nobukhulu obukhulu. izakhiwo Inokubaluleka okukhulu kwamasiko njengophawu lukazwelonke e-Argentina nase-Uruguay, ake sifunde okwengeziwe ngalesi sihlahla esihle kakhulu.
Isihlahla sika-Ombu
Izinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ziyizitshalo ezimangalisayo. Isihlahla ngasinye simelela indawo yokuhlala ngokwaso, i-ecosystem eyaziwa ngokuthi iyasinakekela, ngendlela efanayo naleyo esisinakekela ngayo. Ekuphileni komuntu, ukutshalwa kwezihlahla nezitshalo kuyadingeka, ngoba ngenxa yomoya-mpilo abawukhipha ngamapheshana abo, ukuba khona emhlabeni bekuyoba okuhluke kakhulu. Ukubaluleka kwezindimbane zilele, njengoba, ngaphandle kwalezi zihlahla ezingavamile, umhlaba ubungaba ugwadule.
Isihlahla se-ombĂș wuhlobo olubizwa nge-Phytolacca dioica L oluhambisana negatsha le-Phytolaccaceae. Ibuye ikhonjwe nge-bellasombra, i-fitolaca noma i-massif yesithunzi esihle. Umsuka wayo useNingizimu Melika; igama livela ku-jargon yaseBrazil efanekisela isithunzi noma isithunzi esihle. Ezenzweni zawo, ukuhwalala okwenza isithunzi sawo sihle kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi amagatsha awo amade aminyene, angumqansa futhi anokungezwani anamaqabunga amaningi amade namakhulu ohlaza oluqine kakhulu, athanda lokhu.
Izici
Ukunakekelwa kwesitshalo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okufanele nokunempilo, ikakhulukazi ezihlahleni ezitshalwe ezingadini, ikakhulukazi lezo eziyizinhlobo zezihlahla lapho indawo eyanele kufanele inikezwe ukuze iqhubekele phambili; I-omĂș yomthunzi ibhekwa njengesihlahla esihlala isikhathi eside futhi esimelana nayo, kodwa sidinga izimo zezitshalo ezithile ukuze sizuze ekuthuthukeni kwaso okuhle. Lesi sihlahla sibhekwa njengotshani ngoba i-ombĂș ayikhiqizi izinkuni.
Izicubu ezingaphansi kwegobolondo zithambile kakhulu, zidinga izindandatho zokuthuthukiswa futhi zingakwazi ukumelana namanzi amaningi, okubavumela ukuba baphile ezindaweni ezinemvula encane. Ngezansi siyazazi izimo zokuhlwanyela ezingenakugwenywa ze-omĂș:
Izitezi
Umhlabathi uyingxenye ebalulekile yezindawo zamahlathi kanye nezinkuni njengoba uqinisa ukulawulwa kwamasu amakhulu e-ecosystem, njengokuhlunga izakhi, ukuhlakazeka, kanye nokutholakala kwamanzi. Ingaphezulu linikeza ihange, amanzi nokudla kwezihlahla. Lesi sitshalo se-ombĂș sisebenza kahle kakhulu ezisekelweni eziningi eziphawulekayo esingazithola ngokulandelana, sizohlukanisa inhlabathi efaneleka kakhulu kulolu hlobo lwehlathi.
Okuyikhona okufanele kakhulu ukutshala inhlabathi empofu kakhulu, okungukuthi, engadingi imisoco eminingi. Lesi sibonelo somhlabathi sibonisa isakhiwo esingakusekeli ukukhishwa kwawo ngenxa yokuphila kwezimpande. Iwuhlobo lwenhlabathi ye-sandstone, elula futhi engenamanzi, kodwa ejwayele ukomiswa. Lesi sitshalo sidinga umhlabathi omningi ukuze sikwazi ukukhula nokusabalala. Iphathwa kakhulu emapaki nasezingadini eziphakathi nendawo nezinkulu. Kude nezindlu, phansi, amapayipi, amadamu okubhukuda nokunye.
Isiqu
Iziqu zawo zibanzi kakhulu, zinwebeka zibe izimpande ezibanzi eziphuma phansi ngezikhathi ezithile; Ngokusho kochwepheshe, akuzona izihlahla ngendlela efanele: ziyizitshalo ze-herbaceous prototype. Ngempela ukhuni lwawo luqinile, lubizwa ngokuthi izihlahla zokuhlobisa. Abanye bazichaza ngokuthi izihlahlana, zihlotshiswe kakhulu futhi zihlobisa. Lezi ziqu zingafinyelela ubude obungamamitha angu-15 kuya kwangu-20, nomqhele obanzi ongafika kumamitha angu-15 kanye nezimpande ezinkulu ezibonakala kakhulu, ifolishi elikhulu. Uma lesi siqu sesikhulile siyakwazi ukukala amamitha amathathu kuya kwamane.
Kushiya
Amaqabunga ayizingxenye zesitshalo ezibuswa kakhulu ekumunceni amandla okukhanya nge-photosynthesis. Zihlala zinendawo eyisicaba, isitho noma inkaba, kanye ne-petiole, ehlanganisa isitho nesiqu. Uma iqabunga leqabunga lingahlukani libe izingxenye ezithile, iqabunga kuthiwa lilula. Yenza inqubo ye-photosynthesis, lapho izinto ezingaphili ziba izinto eziphilayo, konke ngenxa yokukhanya kwelanga.
Amaqabunga esihlahla se-ombĂș agcinwa unyaka wonke ehlathini, aluhlaza futhi acwebezela ngenqwaba, lapho umthambo omkhulu uphawuleka kakhulu. I-Elliptical shape futhi inkulu, ilinganisa u-20 cm ubude. Ahlanganiswe ngendlela enikeza isihlahla isitayela esingaqondakali. Inkomishi eyakhayo iwugqinsi futhi ikhulisiwe, isekelwa amagatsha awugqinsi. Zingama-buds alula, aphelele, atholakala kwezinye izethulo emagatsheni.
Izithelo
Isithelo siyilungu lokuqala lembali, noma izingxenye zayo, ezibamba imbewu ize iqhume bese ithanda ukuhlakazeka. Ifeza imisebenzi emithathu (3) eyinhloko: ukubamba nokuvikela imbewu phakathi nokuthuthuka kwayo, ukusiza ukuyisakaza lapho isithela izithelo, nokunqoba izilwane ezizuzisa ukuchitheka kwazo okwengeziwe. Izithelo zesihlahla se-ombĂș zime njengamabhola ahlanganiswe nombala oluhlaza okhanyayo. Sekuqala ubusika. Njengoba izinsuku zihamba, izithelo ziyaphaphatheka futhi zibe phuzi futhi zilahlekelwe ubushelelezi nobuhle bazo. Zigcwele ama-infructescences angafinyelela cishe ku-20 cm ubude.
Izikhukhula
Ziyizakhiwo ezinesibopho sokuzala kwezinye izitshalo. Ziyi-dioecious, zineziphetho zesilisa nezinsikazi kanye nezimbali zazo ezihambisanayo nezihlukene. Inezimbali ezingashadile eziqwini naseziqwini ezihlukene. Entwasahlobo izimbali zayo eziyingqayizivele nezinhle ziyazalwa. Izimbali azifani nobulili futhi ziboniswa ezinyaweni ezihlukene. Banezibonelo ezinezimbali zesilisa kanye nezimbali zesifazane. Kwesinye isikhathi izimbali zihlangana ngama-inflorescence amade. Avezwa kuma-spikes amade. Awekho amacembe, kodwa ama-whorl awo amaningi awenza afane nobuciko. Ziyizimbali ezinesibindi futhi ezinhle.
I-Taxonomy yesihlahla se-OmbĂș
Igama layo lesayensi iPhytolacca dioica. Igama elithi Phyntolacca lisuka kwelesiGreki elithi ÏÏ ÏÏÎœ okuyi-phyton echaza isitshalo kanye negama lesiLatini elithi lacca elisho ukuthi, udayi obomvu; kuyilapho igama elithi dioica liyisichasiso sesiLatini esisho ngezindlu ezimbili. Igama mbumbulu elithi OmbĂș lisungulwa elisuka egameni elithi umbĂș lolimi lwesiGuarani eliveza isigaxa se-oscrurp noma isithunzi. Noma kunjalo, leli gama aliveli ekukhangiseni kwendawo noma olimini lwesiGuaranĂ, ngokusho kukaLeĂłn Cadogan ngo-1957, esiza ocwaningweni lwe-GuaranĂ Nomenclature, uchaza ukuthi i-rescindo ayiyona imvelaphi yesiGuaranĂ.
Umbuso : Izitshalo
Isigaba : Magnoliophyta
Isigaba : Magnoliopsida
I-oda: I-Caryophyllales
Umndeni : I-Phytolaccaeae
Uhlobo : i-Phytolacca
Izinhlobo : Phytolacca dioica
Nakekela Isihlahla Se-OmbĂș
Izihlahla zinomthelela kuzo zonke izinto ezisinikeza zona: Zisinikeza umoya-mpilo futhi zihlanze nomoya. Bamunca i-CO2, okusiza ukunciphisa imiphumela yokushintsha komkhathi. Futhi ziyikhaya lezinambuzane, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane nezinyoni. Phakathi kokunakekelwa kunemininingwane ngezansi:
Indawo
Izitshalo ngokuqhubekayo zidinga ukuchayeka elangeni eliningi ukuze zenze amasu ahlukene we-biochemical asiza ukuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo futhi asekele inqubo ye-photosynthesis eyenziwa izitshalo.
Indawo yesihlahla se-ombĂș izoba elangeni eligcwele kanye nesimo sezulu esifudumele. Lezi zihlahla ezinamahlamvu zingamelana nokubanda okusesilinganisweni futhi zibekezelele indawo ezungezile yasogwini. Isihlahla esidinga indawo eyanele ukuze izimpande zaso zikhule ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu kunconywa ukutshala endaweni engaphansi kuphela uma ingadi inkulu kakhulu ukuze ibekwe kude namamitha ayishumi ukusuka kumapayipi amakhulu, imigwaqo, izindonga nezinye izihlahla. Ezinsukwini zokuqala zomuthi, abantu abaningi bawukhulisa ezimbizeni, kodwa njengoba kakade seyimitha eyodwa ubude, kuyadingeka ukuyidlulisela ku-substrate; noma ukuthi ukhetha ukuyigcina njengesihlahla esinezimbiza noma ibhonsai.
Imvamisa
Inhlabathi ibhekisela endaweni lapho isitshalo singaphila futhi sikhule khona . Lo muthi awubalulekile ngohlobo lomhlabathi; udinga inhlabathi emanzi kancane ukuze ukhule. Ungakhula ngokushesha futhi uphile isikhathi eside. Gcina kude nezindlu namachibi okubhukuda, njengoba izimpande zawo zivame ukufuna amanzi futhi zingabangela umonakalo.
Ukunisela
Umswakama ungakha esinye sezimo ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa okufanele kwezihlahla, ube nokulawula okukhulu phezu kobisi lwangaphakathi lwesihlahla. Kufanele iniselwe kancane ukuvimbela ukubola kwezimpande. Khumbula ukuthi aqongelela amanzi esiqwini sawo esipontshi ngaphandle kwamasongo. Uma iphuziswa kaningi ingoni izimpande kuphela kodwa nezimbali nesithelo.
Izihlahla
Ukuthena kuyisethi yezinqubo ezidingekayo ukuze kulondolozwe ubuhle besitshalo, kodwa futhi kuyisinyathelo sokunakekela ukuze kuzuze ukuphila nokuma kwaso. Imivini engaphansi ingathenwa ukulawula ukukhula kwayo futhi ikwazi ukuyiqondisa ngaphandle kokuvimbela amahlamvu awo.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Izitshalo zingaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene zemvelo nezibalulekile ukuze zithuthuke kahle njengomoya, ilanga, amanzi, kodwa ngendlela efanayo zivezwe izimo eziphilayo ezingaba nomthelela omubi kuzo, njengoba kwenzeka ezinambuzane ezivame ukunamathela izitshalo ngokuqeda amanzi emzimbeni. ewomisa aze afe. Lesi sitshalo sinobuhle ukuthi ngokuvamile asithinteki ezifweni nasezilokazaneni, izihlahla ezitholakala kuzo ngokwemvelo.
Ukuphindaphinda
Lezi zihlahla zingenziwa kabusha ngembewu yazo ekhishwe ezithelweni. Ukuphindwaphindwa kwe-OmbĂș kungagcwaliseka ngezindlela ezimbili, eyokuqala, evame kakhulu, ngembewu noma imbewu. Lezi zingavunwa ekwindla, eziwumugqa wamaqoqo alenga esitshalweni. Lapho izohlwanyelwa, ingalolongwa kokubili imithombo namabhokisi, okuphawulekayo uma kuziwa ekubulaweni ukuthi kufanele ijule. Ngemuva kwalokhu, imbewu isakazwa empukaneni, ukuze kamuva isongwe ngesendlalelo esidliwe se-substrate.
Ngemva kokuhlwanyela, kufanele zicwiliswe ngamanzi amaningi futhi zibekwe endaweni engenamvula nelanga eliqondile. Uma ufisa, ingafakwa ebumnyameni noma imbozwe ngengilazi, nakuba lokhu kungaphoqelekile. Imbewu noma imbewu ye-OmbĂș inamandla amakhulu okumila, okusho ukuthi ngemva kwamasonto amathathu noma amane izobe isihluma kakade; kakade lapho izitshalo zikhula akunakugwenywa ukuthi ziguqule indawo yazo lapho zithola khona ilanga eliqondile. Kodwa-ke, kufanele zivikelwe inethi lepulasitiki noma umthunzi omncane ovumela ukukhanya okungama-3% ukuthi kudlule.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-OmbĂș
Izitshalo zihambisana nenye yezinsiza eziyinhloko umuntu azicabangela ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi, ngokusebenzisa izifundo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezicelo uye wathola ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko komunye nomunye, kulokhu sizoqokomisa ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-OmbĂș Tree:
- Ukuhlobisa: isetshenziswa njengesifanekiso sodwa, kanye nangezikhathi ezithile njengebhonsai.
- Indawo yokuhlala: isebenza njengendawo yokukhosela, ikakhulukazi phakathi nosuku njengomthunzi wokuphumula
- Umuthi: ngamaqabunga awo kanye namagxolo ezimpande, izinyathelo zithathwa njenge-extract ene-emetic (ebangela ukuhlanza) kanye nezindawo zokuhlanza.
- Intaba ye-ombĂșes de Rocha iyingxenye ye-Los Humedales del Este, esohlwini lwe-UNESCO njengokunconywa kwe-Biosphere.
ibhonsai
I-Bonsai igama lendabuko yaseJapane elisho ukuthi i-bon = ithreyi + sai = i-cultivar. Kodwa-ke, ngokwe-etymologically livela egameni lesiShayina elithi çæ œ, penzai, elifanekisela i-pĂ©n = isitsha + zÄi = isitshalo futhi ihlala endleleni yokutshala izihlahla nezitshalo, izihlahla ezihlala njalo, ezilawula ubukhulu bazo. Izinhlobo zayo ziyenza ilungele abafundi abafunda ubuciko be-bonsai.
Imvamisa i-ombĂș ayiphathwa kahle abalimi nabalimi njengoba ikhula ukuze ichelelwe kakhulu, ngoba sona lesi sitshalo sinamanzi amaningi esiwagcina ngaphakathi kwaso. Njengoba ubhekene nensada yokunisela, kunengozi yokuthi izimpande nesiqu kuzobila. Izimpawu zokuchelela okuningi yilezi: amaqabunga athambile nawile, bese kubonakala isiqu esishwabene nesithambile.
Ekunakekeleni kwabo, into eyinhloko iwukuba ivinjelwe emagatsheni omuthi kanye nokungena komhlaba. I-bonsai kufanele iniselwe ngamanzi emvula lapho inhlabathi isomile kancane, uma imanzi kancane, linda isikhashana. Kuyinto elula kakhulu njengoba izimpande zizwela kakhulu ukugeleza kwamanzi futhi zingalimala ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-aeration.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamagatsha namaqabunga ezihlahleni kubanzi ngokulinganayo. Izihlahla zama-barbarian ngokuvamile zifinyelela ubude obungamamitha amahlanu (5) noma ngaphezulu uma sezikhulile, kanti ibhonsai enkulu ayivamisile ukweqa imitha eyodwa (1) futhi zonke izinhlobo zincane kakhulu. Nokho kuthatha isikhathi eside okungenani iminyaka emithathu (3) ngaphambi kokuba kube khona isihlahla ongazama ngempela ukusebenza kuso, lena ukuphela kwendlela yokudala iBonsai kusukela ekuqaleni.
Sithemba ukuthi le ndatshana ibe wusizo, sikushiyela abanye ozokuthakasela ngokuqinisekile:
Izixazululo Zokungcoliswa Kwamanzi
Ukutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi