Esikhathini esithile ekuphileni, iphupho lawo wonke umuntu kube ukukwazi ukushayela noma ukuba yingxenye yezisebenzi zemikhumbi-mkhathi. Ukuphila ukuthi isipiliyoni kuyinto lokho kuphela abanekhono kakhulu ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo abangabekezelela, kwazise akulula neze.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhlanganisa uchungechunge lwezingozi okufanele nazo zicatshangelwe lapho ubhekene neqiniso elinjalo. Nokho, namuhla i- NASA kanye nokuhamba emkhathini, kunethemba elikhulu ngenxa yokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, amamodeli amasha aklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa umgomo omuhle kakhulu nokuphepha kwezisebenzi.
Ungase futhi ube nentshisekelo esihlokweni sethu: Ingabe uyazi i-asteroid engaba nomthelela eMhlabeni kulo 2020?
Sula noma yikuphi ukungabaza ukwazi kahle ukuthi imikhumbi-mkhathi iyini
imikhumbi-mkhathi, ziwukusungulwa kwezobuchwepheshe okuthuthukisiwe komuntu, ethathwa njengemoto yenkanyezi. Sekungamashumi eminyaka, bekulokhu kuyindaba yokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kanye nentuthuko, ukuze kweqe imingcele. Kuze kube manje, ngisho nanamuhla i-NASA, ngokubambisana ne-Space X, ithathe isinyathelo esikhulu phambili mayelana nalezi zindlela zokuthutha.
Kodwa, ngokwemibandela evamile, ukuqonda ukuthi iyini imikhumbi-mkhathi, okokuqala, umuntu kufanele abe nokuthile okucace kakhulu. Kulokhu, imikhumbi-mkhathi ihluke ngokuphelele kumarokhethi asemkhathini kanjalo.
Imikhumbi ichazwa njenge-capsule, i-shuttle noma isathelayithi yokwenziwa, ekwazi inhloso ethile. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, kungase futhi kuhlukaniswe kuleyo mikhumbi ephethwe abantu kanye nalabo abangenayo. Nokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi indlela abayilandelayo, baklanyelwe ukufeza, ngangokunokwenzeka, umgomo wabo.
Umthombo: NatGeo
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amarokhethi asemkhathini achazwa njengesijobelelo lapho umkhumbi-mkhathi uxhunywe khona. Ngokwawo, umkhumbi awukwazi ukubalekela amandla adonsela phansi omjikelezo woMhlaba, futhi awukwazi ukuziqhubela kahle ukusuka phansi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudinga injini ye-propellant, ehlinzekwa yilawa marokhethi.
Ukuqonda lowo mehluko kuzokwenza uqonde kahle ukuthi imikhumbi-mkhathi iyini ngempela. Nakuba i-rocket nomkhumbi ngokwesiko kubhekwa njengesakhiwo esifanayo, zihlukene ngempela futhi zifeza imisebenzi eyahlukene.
Yiziphi izici ezichaza imikhumbi-mkhathi namuhla? Thola mayelana nezithuthuke kakhulu ku-astronautics!
Kusukela umuntu efika enyangeni ngemishini ye-Apollo, isayensi isihambe indlela ende ukufanisa le mikhumbi-mkhathi. Nakuba kunemibono engapheli yokwakha uzungu mayelana nalesi senzakalo, iqiniso liwukuthi sasimelela ngaphambi nangemuva kwesayensi yezinkanyezi.
Namuhla, imikhumbi-mkhathi ikhona iyathuthuka futhi yakhiwe kangcono, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokusekelwa kwe-SpaceX. Inkampani ephupha ngohambo lwezentengiselwano oluya enyangeni noma ku-Mars ibe umdlali oyinhloko ekwakhiweni kwezici ezithile zemikhumbi-mkhathi.
Idizayini yemojuli entsha
I-module iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yalezi zimoto eziseceleni, ngoba ama-cosmonauts atholakala ngaphakathi kwawo. Uma kuhluleka lokhu, ngumuntu ozophatha i-probe noma uhlobo lwensimbi ezokwethulwa emkhathini.
Kusukela kumishini yokugcina ye-Apollo kanye nokufika kwenyanga, wazama ukuphinda ifomula, kodwa ithuthukiswe ngobuchwepheshe bamanje. Ngakho-ke, okwamanje, iphrojekthi yakamuva ye-NASA, i-Orion, ifundisa ngomkhumbi-mkhathi wayo omusha.
Le mojula ifakwe ukuzulazula okungcono kanye nekhono labasebenzi, ikhophi yasenqolobaneni kagesi enhle kakhulu kanye ne-propulsion. Ngokulandelayo, inokulawula okushisayo noma umthamo we-thermoregulation owawungekho ngaphambilini. Njengokungathi lokho akwanele, ihlanganisa isimiso samanzi esinembayo ukuze siqinisekise imisebenzi ethile, ukunethezeka nokusebenziseka kosomkhathi bayo.
Ukusebenzisa kabusha kuqala ukuzwakala kakhulu
imikhumbi-mkhathi, manje zenzelwe ukuthi zikwazi ukungena kabusha eMhlabeni futhi lokho kungasetshenziswa kabusha. Ngombono wokungabi nesabelomali esingaka, ukwenza lezi zindawo zokugcina izimpahla zifane nokusetshenziswa kabusha kuyisinyathelo esihle kakhulu.
Ukwenza lokhu, amamojula manje ahlanganisa amasistimu angcono wokudambisa kanye ne-propulsion ukuze angene kabusha emhlabeni. Ngale ndlela, umthelela wokushaqeka uyancipha lapho ufika, futhi, emhlabeni.
ukuqhuma nokuhlanganisa
Ngaphezu kwezici eziqanjiwe, imikhumbi-mkhathi yakamuva, Banamandla amakhulu okushayela. Ngale ndlela, ubungozi maqondana nokusuka nemicimbi ehlobene buncishiswe ngokuphelele.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, manje imikhumbi iyakwazi ukushayela futhi ifakwe kwamanye amamojula ngaphandle kokwehluleka. Ngenxa yalokhu, kungenzeka ukubenza noma ukubhekelela noma yikuphi ukuhlehla okuncane okungase kuvele ngesikhathi semishini kanjalo.
Izinto ezingcono
Nakuba kungashintshiwe okuningi mayelana nezinto ezisetshenziswayo, kuyiqiniso ukuthi imikhumbi-mkhathi iya isinda kakhulu. Kuye kwenzeka ukwandisa ukwakhiwa okufanayo, ukunciphisa kancane ukusetshenziswa kwe-aluminium ne-titanium.
Ngokufaka i-carbon fiber ngaphandle kokucindezela imingcele, lokho kuguqulwa kwesisindo kugeleze kahle. Ngenxa yalokho, kuye kwatholakala imikhumbi enembayo futhi eqinile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Wake wazibuza ukuthi yini i-fuel spacecraft esetshenziswayo?
I-Space propulsion ingesinye sezehlakalo ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu ezingafakazelwa. Esikhathini lapho ukuvutha kokuqala kwenzeka, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungazizwa ama-goosebumps. Ngakho ukuze uqonde kahle ukuthi isebenza kanjani, udinga ukwazi ukuthi imikhumbi-mkhathi yamafutha isebenzisa ini.
Umthombo: ElPais
Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezingxenye ezithile, kungenzeka ukukhiqiza inhlansi edingwa yinjini yasemkhathini. Inani likaphethiloli lizodinga ukuba libe elifanele ukushayela ngokugcwele injini enamandla kakhulu esetshenziswa njalo.
Ukunika injini amandla, uphethiloli owuketshezi kanye nophethiloli oqinile kuyadingeka. Njengoba iyinjini ye-jet, kufanele uhlanganise zombili izakhi ukuze ukhiqize umphumela yenze iqhume.
Uphethiloli owuketshezi ngokuvamile uphalafini, umoya-mpilo owuketshezi, noma i-hydrogen enguketshezi. Bangaphansi kwamandla kaphethiloli kaphethiloli oqinile, okuvamise ukuba yi-aluminium ene-ammonium perchlorate. Ukuqonda lesi sisekelo kuphendula umbuzo wokuthi kusetshenziswani imikhumbi-mkhathi yamafutha.
