URobert Louis Stevenson wayengumbhali wencwadi ethi Treasure Island, efingqiwe ngezansi. Lo mbhali akazange afunde izincwadi nanoma yimuphi omunye umsebenzi ohlobene nezincwadi, kodwa uthando lwakhe lokubhala luthela izithelo ezinhle.
I-Treasure Island: impilo nomsebenzi wombhali
I-Edinburgh iyidolobha elimangalisayo, inhloko-dolobha yaseScotland enyakatho yeBritish Isle, iyisizinda sababhali nabadwebi abakhulu abaphawule umlando wobuhlakani besintu. Esinye sazo singesinye esibe yinsika ekwakhekeni kwabafundi abaningi ngokuba isandulela somkhuba wokufunda ezizukulwaneni zonke. Lona nguRobert Louis Stevenson, umbhali we-Treasure Island, inoveli ephawule ubuntwana kanye nokuthomba kwezigidi zabantu.
Uze wafaka ngendlela engokwemvelo umkhuba wokufunda nge-adventure nenganekwane. Kukhona ababhali abanekhono elithile emhlabeni wezincwadi futhi akukona mayelana nengqondo, ukujula noma ukuphelela okuhlelekile, ingasaphathwa ubizo olusha. Lesi yisici esingaba naso nombhali omncane.
I-Charm yiyona evusa umlutha weqiniso futhi iyakwazi ukuguqula inganekwane ibe isiphithiphithi futhi esinye sezici eziyinhloko zalo Robert Louis njengombhali ubuhle bakhe obungenakuphikiswa. Wazalwa ngo-November 13, 1850 futhi washona esemncane kakhulu eneminyaka engu-44 kuphela ngemva kokubhekana nomonakalo wesifo esinonya, eSamoa ngo-1894.
Waphila iminyaka engu-44 kuphela
Iminyaka emibili yokuqala yokuphila kwakhe iyona kuphela lapho ahlala khona enempilo engenakunyakaziswa, kodwa ngenxa yalokho wagula futhi umndeni wakhe wathuthela kwelinye idolobha. Wachitha isikhathi esiningi sobuntwana bakhe kanye nentsha endaweni entsha waze waba neminyaka engu-22 noma engu-24 ubudala. Ngaleso sikhathi wafundelwa izindaba eziningi eziqanjiwe futhi waqala ukwakha kuye umbono wemvelo owawuzosetshenziswa kamuva emisebenzini yakhe.
Ngawo wonke lowo mlando ayewuqongelela ngokufunda kuqala etholwe bese ekhethwa yedwa, uStevenson wabhala incwadi encane yezinkondlo, engumntwana nje. Incwadi eshiwo yayingenayo i-verbose, ingenayo imihlahlandlela efanele edingwa izinkondlo futhi ezinye zazingenayo ngisho imvumelwano. Nokho, umsebenzi onjalo kamuva waba impumelelo engavamile phakathi kwezingane ezikhuluma isiNgisi. Bekuyizinkondlo eseziphenduke izingoma ezidumile ezinganeni.
Ngaphambi kwendlu uStevenson ahlala kuyo kwakukhona ipaki yemvelo enkulu ayechitha kuyo isikhathi esiningi lapho ehlangana nabazala bakhe noma abangane abaseduze. Leli paki elibizwa nge-Queen Street Garden lalinechibi phakathi kwezindawo zalo zokuzilibazisa zemvelo. Leli chibi eliphakathi nendawo lalinezihlahla ezincane ezitshalwe kulo.
Lo mbuthano womhlaba ungaqhathaniswa nesiqhingi, futhi abagxeki abaningi nezazi-mlando bathi lokhu kwaba ugqozi lukaRobert Louis lokudala iTreasure Island. Mhlawumbe leso kwakuyisiqhingi sakhe futhi emhlabeni wakhe njengengane ehlakaniphile wayekholelwa ukuthi kukhona ingcebo yakhe eyamletha eqinisweni ngomsebenzi wakhe wokubhala.
izincwadi ze-gothic
URobert Louis Stevenson ungomunye wababhali ababizwa ngokuthi ummeleli wezincwadi zesiGothic kanye ne-romanticism. Wayengumbhali wamanoveli, umbhali wezindaba ezimfushane, imbongi nombhali wezindaba, wayeyindodana yomndeni wabakhi be-lighthouse futhi lokhu kumbeka ezingeni elihle lezomnotho. Iminyaka eminingi yokugula yamenza wazibiza ngosindile.
Mhlawumbe nguye umbhali okwazile ngokwethembeka ukuletha umfundi ubuso nobuso nezinsizi zakhe ezimbi kakhulu. Ngisho nalezo yena ngokwakhe okwadingeka abhekane nazo lapho ezalwa njengoba izinkinga zamaphaphu zamnikeza izinkinga zokufunda nokubhala waze waba neminyaka eyi-8. Impilo yakhe yayihlale ibuthakathaka futhi iphukile. Ufundele i-nautical engineering wayishiya phansi wayofundela ukuba ngummeli, okuyinto angazange ayenze.
Ngemva kwalokho, waqala ukuba nesithakazelo ezincwadini eneminyaka engamashumi amabili ubudala futhi waqala ukusebenzelana nezinkampani ezithile ezinyathelisayo nasemidlaloni yeshashalazi.
Ushicilela uchungechunge lwezindaba ezimnandi nezinamandla angaphezu kwawemvelo kanye nezinye, okuhlanganisa ne-Treasure Island edition ngo-1883, kanye neminye imisebenzi. I-Treasure Island yanikezelwa endodaneni yakhe futhi ngalo msebenzi wazuza impumelelo nokuqashelwa ngemva kokubizwa ngokuthi ngomunye wababhali bezothando abahamba phambili bekhulu le-XNUMX.
I-lullaby: ucezu oluyisisekelo
Ilandisa indaba kanye nemibhalo yokuphila kwalo mbhali, ukuthi ubuhlakani bakhe babuxhumene nobudlelwano bakhe nomzanyana wakhe. Kwakumayelana nowesifazane osemusha ogcwele injabulo owajabulela isikhathi noRobert emahoreni okunakekelwa kwakhe. Umzanyana wasebenzisa isikhathi esiningi sokunakekela ukumxoxela izindaba eziqanjiwe nezinye eziningi eziqanjiwe ezashukumisa uRobert kusukela ekuqaleni kwaze kwaba sekugcineni.
Yingakho lena kungenye yezincwadi ezinikezelwe kulo wesifazane. Ngokungangabazeki, phakathi nokukhula komntwana, izidalwa ezihamba naye futhi ezimondlayo ngolwazi, izenzakalo nezinye izici ezibalulekile zibalulekile. Lokhu kungase kuphakanyiswe noma kwenziwe ize, futhi kulokhu, uRobert Louis Stevenson waqiniswa futhi waholela empumelelweni. Ngeshwa impilo yakhe yayimfishane, kodwa impumelelo yakhe yayiminingi futhi isezingeni eliphezulu, ukwazile ukuthola izindondo zokubhala nezincwadi.
Isici esiqanjiwe bekuyinqaba yakhe futhi lokhu wondliwe yizo zonke izinkumbulo zakhe nokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kwasebuntwaneni naphezu kokugula kwakhe okwakumkhawulele kwezinye izici. Abazali bakhe bamnakekela kuyilapho ehlushwa ubuthakathaka obuthile obuhlobene nesifo sakhe samaphaphu. Ngendlela efanayo, bamsekela ngokufunda lapho esekwazi ukuqala ngemva kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili.
Buyekeza
I-Treasure Island izwakala kusukela ekuqaleni ukuthi imayelana nokuzidela, uhambo olungajwayelekile olunesifuba esingcwatshiwe, futhi iyisici esiyinhloko esikhuthaza ukufundwa kwayo. Isembozo sayo sinensizwa, insizwa esikhulile kancane bobabili egqoke okwepirates kanye nopholi ehlombe kwenye yazo.
Umlingiswa oyinhloko insizwa okuthiwa uJim Hawking, cishe ephakathi kweminyaka eyi-7 noma engu-18 ehlala nomama wayo endlini yezihambi. Umbhali ulandisa ukuthi uyise ushona ngaphambi kokuqala umlando. Kusho uRobert ukuthi Isiqhingi samagugu ilandisa ukuthi injani impilo yensizwa endlini yezihambi nobunzima obutholwa yinsizwa yangaleyo minyaka.
Izehlakalo ezehlukene nezingxabano zenzeka endlini yezihambi ezivame ukwenza umfundi acasuke, kodwa ziyizahluko ezimbalwa ezimfishane kakhulu. Injabulo ye-Treasure Island iqala esahlukweni lapho kuvela khona umlingiswa ogama lakhe lingu-Billy Bones. Wehlelwa yingozi emaphethelweni endlu yezihambi watshela le nsizwa ukuthi igcine isifuba esihamba nayo futhi lapho isikwazi ukukhipha okuqukethwe.
UBilly Bones angaba umlingiswa omnyama nophikisanayo ngoba baningi abamlandela nesifuba, kodwa nokho uJim uyavumelana nesicelo sakhe futhi ugcina isifuba. Lapho elivula futhi alivula, athole ukuthi liqukethe amagugu, izinsimbi eziyigugu, zenani, kodwa okwamenza wagxila kuye kwakuyincwajana yokubhalela kanye nebalazwe elibonisa ukuma kwesiqhingi.
Othile osondelene noJim umeluleka ukuthi agcine ubucwebe nezinsimbi eziyigugu kuphephile esifubeni futhi asebenzise imephu kuphela, kodwa yile mephu izigebengu zasolwandle eziyifuna ngokuhlanya.
Shaya umgwaqo
Endabeni ye-Treasure Island, udokotela ungena endaweni yesigameko okunguye oweluleka uJim futhi okunguye omphelezelayo kulolu hlelo lokusebenza. Kokubili buyekeza izixhumanisi namanye amanothi ukuze kuqale umgwaqo. Lokhu kwaqala ukusuka ekuhambeni ukuya ekufikeni kanye nendawo lapho umcebo esiqhingini uphawulwe khona. Bobabili baqasha isikebhe basigcwalise ngokapteni nabasebenzi baso futhi baqhubeke nalo mkhuba. Uma imayelana nezigigaba namagugu, ungabona isihloko La Perla.
Ukungqubuzana endabeni kuqala ngokuthi ithimba elaqashwa uJim bekuyizigebengu ezazijaha uBilly Bones. Abantu ababi basesikebheni esifanayo befuna umcebo, kodwa le mininingwane isivele yaziwa ngaphezu kwengxenye yencwadi kaRobert Stevenson.
Okunye ukugxekwa kwencwadi kugxile ezahlukweni zokuqala ezivame ukuchaza imininingwane futhi zihlanganisa abalingiswa abavame ukudida umfundi. Okusho ukuthi, umbhali uqala ukulandisa ngokungenelela kwezigebengu namagama, kanye nabahlanganyeli. Ngalokhu, izici ezinjalo zihlakaza kancane indikimba eyinhloko yendaba.
abalingiswa abaningi abathokozisayo
Kubuye kukhathaze kumfundi futhi kumkhuthaze ukuthi aduke endabeni. Nokho, lesi sigaba sendaba asikususi ukubaluleka nenhlonipho eyatholwa umsebenzi wokubhala. Indaba ithatha intshisekelo yayo ethokozisayo ezinganekwaneni, ngoba kukhona okuzotholwa. Kuyi-leitmotif ye-Treasure Island umfundi angafuni ukuyigeja. Inoveli eshintsha isitayela ibe esothando kodwa futhi igcizelele ukuthi umoya wokuzidela uthi Yidla Thandaza Uthando by Elizabeth Gilbert.
Njengoba izahluko ziqhubeka, kusele izinhlamvu ezimbalwa futhi lokhu kwenza ukuhlonza nokufunda kube lula. Ifilimu ethi Treasure Planet yindaba yakwaDisney esekelwe encwadini ethi Treasure Island. Kunoma yikuphi, kwezinye izahluko kukhona ukuguqulwa ngomlingiswa oyedwa noma omunye. Isiphetho singokunye ngaphandle komsebenzi wombhalo. Incwadi njengoba injalo ayinakho ukuthandana phakathi kwendoda noma owesifazane, kusobala ukuthi iyi-adventure.
Kodwa-ke, umlayezo ophrintiwe uwubungani obungenakunqamuka phakathi kukaJim umlingiswa oyinhloko kanye nomlingiswa ogama lakhe linguSilver, ukapteni. Kuyimpatho enjengaleyo kababa nendodana, yokwethembana, amandla kanye nokuphelezela futhi yikho futhi okugcizelelwa efilimini ye-Disney. Ubuhlobo bomndeni obuthanda kakhulu emsebenzini kaRobert Louis Stevenson. Ngiyakumema ukuthi ufunde isihloko sencwadi yezingane momo.