Isitsha Sempepho, impepho yamanga noma i-plectrant (I-Plectranthus coleoides. var. i-marginatus), udabuka emazweni amaningana aseNingizimu Nenkabazwe, isitshalo esincane, esinamaqabunga ahlukahlukene anesikhungo esiluhlaza kanye nomngcele omhlophe. Kuyisitshalo esikhipha iphunga elifana nempepho futhi singatshalwa ukusetshenziswa kokuhlobisa. Ngikumema ukuthi ufunde kabanzi ngalesi sitshalo.
I-Frankincense Plant
Lapho umuntu ekhuluma ngempepho, uvele acabange ngempepho, igolide nomure, izipho ezanikelwa iZazi Ezintathu ezivela eMpumalanga ziya kuMntwana uJesu lapho ezalwa. Lezi zipho ezinikezwe zazinencazelo yazo, igolide: wanikezwa yona ngokuba iNkosi yaMakhosi, impepho ngokuba uNkulunkulu, ngokuba lenhlaka yashiswa phambi konkulunkulu nomure ngokuba uJesu umuntu, ngokuba abantu isidumbu sigqunyiwe.
Isitshalo okukhishwa kuso inhlaka ukuze kulungiswe impepho, iZazi ezamnika njengesipho, kungenzeka ukuthi I-Boswellia sacra, njengoba kwaziwa izinhlobo ezine zezitshalo zohlobo Boswellia sp. lapho kukhishwa khona impepho yezimfanelo ezihlukahlukene. Ubulili Boswellia amaqembu ezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla amagxolo azo aqukethe izinhlaka ezinuka kamnandi, ezinokusetshenziswa kwemithi okuhlukahlukene, njengokunqanda ukuvuvukala.
Nokho, kulesi sihloko sibuyekezwa, izinhlobo zezitshalo I-Plectranthus coleoides okuyingxenye yomndeni wezitshalo: iLamiaceae, lapho kubhaliswa khona izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingama-herbaceous ezingaba ngu-300. Lezi zitshalo zitholakala ezindaweni ezifudumele ze-Southern Hemisphere, njenge: Afrika, Australia, Indonesia naseNdiya.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezichaziwe zaloMndeni, kukhona: Plectranthus coleoides, P. ciliatus, P. verticillatus, P. oertendahlii, P. caninus (Coleus canina), P. forsteri, P. zuluensis futhi ngokuvamile zibizwa ngokuthi isitshalo sempepho, impepho yamanga noma i-plectrant.
Kuyisitshalo esinamakhambi, esinwabuzelayo esineziqu eziyisikwele, amaqabunga awo amahle ahlukahlukene ahlukaniswa nombala wawo oluhlaza okhanyayo onemiphetho emhlophe e-wavy. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimbali zayo azikhangi ngakho-ke zivusa isithakazelo esincane sokuhlobisa, amaqabunga ayo uma echotshoziwe akhulula iphunga elifana nempepho, yingakho igama layo elibi noma elivamile. Ngenxa yokubukeka kwazo okunwabuzelayo, zisetshenziswa njengezitshalo zokuhlobisa ezindaweni zangaphakathi, ezibekwe ezimbizeni.
Izici
Impepho noma impepho yamanga, isitshalo esine-herbaceous esingamasentimitha angama-50 kuye kwangama-60 ukuphakama, sidabuka eNdiya esisetshenziswa njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa endlini yangaphakathi, ngoba sincamela ukuthola ukukhanya kwelanga okungaqondile, sitshalwa emabhodweni alengayo nasezitshalweni ezisakazeka kulo lonke elaseNdiya. umhlaba ngenxa yemikhuba yawo enwabuzelayo.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezitshalo
Umndeni. I-Lamiaceae
Ubulili: I-Plectranthus
Izinhlobo: I-Plectranthus coleoides
Omqondofana: I-Plectranthus coleoides var. uMarginatus; I-Plectranthus colloids variegata; I-Plectranthus Madagascariensis "Marginatus"
Igama elibi noma elivamile: isitshalo sempepho, impepho yamanga kanye ne-plectrant.
Igama lesayensi ye I-Plectranthus Yakhiwe ngamagama amabili esiGreki: i-plecton, phuthuma futhi abantu, imbali. Iqondise engxenyeni engemuva ye-corolla enesandiso esimise okwe-spur, kanye negama elithile elithi ama-coleoid kusho ngesimo noma okufana ne-coleus, I-Solenostemon ama-scutellarioides, owaziwa kangcono kwezolimo njenge UColeus blumei.
Ukusabalala kwayo ku-horticulture kubangele ukuhlukahluka I-Plectranthus coleoides i-var. i-marginatus Hort. Inemiphetho yamaqabunga amhlophe-amhlophe kanye namaphethelo ansomi.
izinhlamvu ze-morphological
Kuyisitshalo se-herbaceous perennial esinomkhuba onwabuzelayo, sidabuka eNdiya. Kuyisitshalo esinephunga elimnandi esinobukhulu obuphakathi kwamasentimitha angama-50 kuye kwangama-60, esikhula ngokushesha kodwa asiziphathi njengesitshalo esihlaselayo. Lolu hlobo lutholakala ngokwemvelo ezintabeni zaseNdiya futhi luye lwethulwa emazweni ahlukene emhlabeni, okungukuthi: iShayina kanye namazwe asezwenikazi lase-Afrika.
Amaqabunga ezitshalo zempepho aphambene, amancane ngosayizi phakathi kwamasentimitha angama-5 kuye kwayi-10, amise okweqanda, anomngcele, anemibala emibili, okungukuthi, anamaqabunga ahlukahlukene anombala oluhlaza okhanyayo nomngcele omhlophe. Ngenxa yohlobo lwazo lokukhula, izitshalo zempepho I-Plectranthus coleoides ihlobisa kakhulu uma itshalwe kumabhasikidi alengayo, eshalofini eliphakeme, noma kumaplanti emithambekeni engakutholi ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile.
Inezimbali ezincane zenani elincane lokuhlobisa, i-lilac ekhanyayo noma emhlophe, ehlelwe ngamaqoqo.Njengoba ikhula, iziqu zayo zishintsha umbala wazo ukusuka koluhlaza kuya kokubomvu. Uma ekhuhlwa, amaqabunga akhipha iphunga elimnandi elikhumbuza impepho. Ijwayelana nezinga lokushisa elifudumele futhi ebusika imelana nezinga lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-13 no-16 °C.
Ukuqhakaza kwayo kwenzeka ezinyangeni zasehlobo, izimbali zayo zihlelwe ngama-spikes aqondile akhiwe izimbali ezincane ezimhlophe noma ezilula ze-lilac. Abanye abagcini balezi zitshalo bathena izimbali zabo ukuze kuphume amahlamvu engeziwe.
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo
Ukuze unakekele kahle noma yisiphi isitshalo, kuyatuseka ukwazi indawo yezitshalo emvelweni ukuze usiqondise mayelana nezidingo zabo zokukhanya, amanzi, umanyolo, isikhathi sokuthena, uhlobo lwenhlabathi, uhlobo lokukhula luzositshela. wena lapho ungatshala khona isitshalo futhi uma kuyizitshalo ezikhula kahle emthunzini, ilanga eligcwele noma ilanga elingaqondile.
lapho ongayithola khona
Kuyisitshalo esishisayo, ngenxa yalokhu kuphakanyiswa ukuthi sikubeke ezindaweni ezifudumele ngaphakathi kwendlu futhi, nokho, ukuthi sithola inani elihle lokukhanya kwelanga lapho ilanga eliqondile lingafinyeleli khona. Indawo lapho izitshalo zitshalwe khona kufanele zibe nokuhluka okuncane phakathi kwemini nobusuku, izinga lokushisa elifanele liphakathi kuka-15°C no-22°C.
Endlini kuphakanyiswa ukuthi uyibeke eduze kwamafasitela noma emasimini amboziwe ukuze imisebe yelanga ifinyelele kuyo ngendlela engaqondile futhi uma kutshalwa engadini yangaphandle kufanele kutshalwe izihlahla ukuze kube nomthunzi wezwe otshala kulo. Lezi zitshalo ezifanayo zizohlinzeka ngokufudumala nokuvikelwa emimoyeni enamandla ngenkathi yasebusika.
Ukunisela
Lesi sitshalo semvelaphi yase-Asia, sivela emvelweni sivela ezindaweni ezinamazinga okushisa afudumele kanye nomswakama ophezulu wemvelo ngenxa yalesi sizathu: kuphakanyiswa ukunisela njalo ezinyangeni zasehlobo ukuze kugcinwe inhlabathi imanzi futhi ikhishwe kahle, okungukuthi, ingabi. ogcwele amanzi Ezinyangeni zasebusika, ukuchelela kufanele kungabi njalo, lapho kudinga amanzi, uzoqaphela lokhu lapho inhlabathi ebhodweni isomile.
Emazweni apholile anezinkathi zonyaka, kunconywa ukunisela njalo ehlobo, futhi kwezinye izinyanga zonyaka ukunisela kancane, futhi uhlale uqaphele ukuthi inhlabathi ikhishwe kahle, okungukuthi, ngaphambi kokunisela futhi, qala uhlole umswakama wenhlabathi. . Kuye ngokuphathwa kwezitshalo ozitshalayo, uzokwazi ukukala umswakama womhlabathi, kungaba: ngethuluzi lokulinganisa umswakama, ngokhuni lokhuni futhi ubheke ukuthi iphuma ihlanzekile noma inhlabathi iyanamathela ngoba imanzi.
Ungasebenzisa umunwe wakho ekujuleni okungafika ku-2 centimeters noma ukale ibhodwe ngesisindo futhi uma unzima kancane yisikhathi sokunisela. Endabeni yokubeka ipuleti ngaphansi kwebhodwe, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi uma iphuziswa, isuse imizuzu engu-30 ngemva kokuchelela. Lokhu kuzovimbela izimpande zezitshalo zempepho ekuboleni futhi kuvimbele nokuba khona kwesikhunta. Ngakho-ke, kufanele iniselwe kabili noma kathathu ngesonto enkathini yasentwasahlobo nehlobo, futhi ekwindla nasebusika kanye kuphela ngesonto.
Umanyolo
Ithanda izindawo ezinomoya omuhle ukugwema ukuba khona kwezinambuzane nezifo. Umanyolo ungasetshenziswa kanye namanzi okunisela, ngokuya ngemithamo esikiselwa lezi zitshalo. Imvamisa yokufakwa kukamanyolo izolungiswa ezigabeni ezihlukene zokukhula, umthamo womanyolo uzosetshenziswa ekuthuthukisweni kwamaqabunga bese kufakwa omunye umthamo womanyolo lapho uqhakaza.
ukuhlwanyela substrate
Ezimweni zazo zemvelo, izitshalo zempepho zihlala ezindaweni ezinomhlabathi okhishwe kahle, ngakho-ke ekusakazeni kwazo kufanele zilungiselele inhlabathi ekhishwe kahle ngalokhu: i-substrate isetshenziselwa ukutshalwa kwazo ngengxenye ye-30% perlite bese wengeza ungqimba we amabhola obumba anwetshiwe ezinkulisa, lokhu kuvumela amanzi ukuthi ahlunge ngokushesha futhi angayixubi inhlabathi.
Umanyolo noma umquba wengezwe esigabeni sokukhula kwezitshalo enkathini yasentwasahlobo nehlobo, umanyolo wemvelo ofana ne-guano uyaphakanyiswa kulokhu. Umquba noma umanyolo wamakhemikhali ungasetshenziswa futhi ngamanani aphansi, anezingxenye ze-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium, lokhu kuzoqinisa amaqabunga, ukukhula kwesiqu, izimpande nokuvimbela ukuwa kwezimbali.
Isondlo
Basikisela ukuvuselela izitshalo njalo eminyakeni emithathu, njengoba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iziqu ziba zinde njengoba zikhula futhi amaqabunga aqala ukukhula kakhulu abheke phezulu futhi kancane phansi kwesiqu. Ukuvuselela izitshalo, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kuthathwe ama-cuttings njalo ngonyaka.
Ukuthena izitshalo zenhlaka
Ukuthena kuyi-phytosanitary ukususa amaqabunga abunile nezimbali, ukuze kugwenywe ukuba khona kwesikhunta, amagciwane kanye nezinambuzane. Kunconywa ukusika amagatsha ukulawula ukuphakama kwesitshalo kuze kufike kuhhafu wosayizi waso, lokhu kuzuzisa impilo yesitshalo sempepho nokukhula kwamaqabunga amasha kanye neziqu ezinempilo neziqinile. Uma wesaba, cabanga ukuthi kuzuzisa isitshalo, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi usike nge-diagonally futhi usondele kumanodi okukhula kwesiqu.
ukusabalalisa izitshalo
Izitshalo ze-Frankincense zingasakazwa kalula ngokusikwa okungama-intshi angu-6 kuya kwangu-8 ubude. Idinga ukukhanya okuningi, kodwa ukukhanya kwelanga kufinyelela kuyo ngokungaqondile, kudinga izindawo ezinomswakama nezifudumele; Ukuze uyinakekele, kunconywa ukunisela njalo, inhlabathi ecebile nge-humus noma i-organic matter kanye ne-drainage enhle.
Ukusabalala kwayo kungenziwa unyaka wonke, inqobo nje uma igcinwa ezindaweni ezifudumele. Ngenkathi yentwasahlobo, ukusabalalisa ngokusika kuzoba ngokushesha. Lezi zicucu zingangena emanzini, inqobo nje uma kunokushisa nokukhanya okuningi. Ingahlaselwa yizilokazane ezifana ne-cottony mealybug kanye ne-mildew fungus.
Izinhlupho nezifo
Izitshalo zempepho zimelana kakhulu nezinambuzane nezifo, nakuba izitshalo kufanele zihlolwe ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze zingahlaselwa ama-aphid, izinambuzane noma ezinye izinambuzane, noma ekuhlaselweni amagciwane esikhunta. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, uma ukunakekelwa okuhle kungenziwanga, kungaba nokulahlekelwa kwamaqabunga ngenxa yokweqile noma ukuntuleka kwamanzi kanye nokunye ukulimala komzimba.
Ngenxa yomswakama owedlulele, izimpande zingabola futhi amaqabunga abune, uma ubona amaqabunga aphuzi ewa, khona-ke kungase kube ngenxa yamanzi amaningi futhi iphuzu lokubola unomphela kwenzeka. Ukuze wonge isiliva, kufanele ushintshe inhlabathi futhi ususe isitshalo, ugoqe izimpande zaso ngethawula lephepha elimunca ubusuku bonke bese ngakusasa uphinde uhlwanyele ebhodweni elisha lenhlabathi, ngaphambi kokutshala sebenzisa isibulala-sikhunta ezimpandeni.
Izinambuzane ezivame ukuhlasela izitshalo zempepho ziyiminenke nama-slugs athanda ukudla amahlamvu awo, ngokuvamile ahlasela izitshalo ezitshalwe ezindaweni zangaphandle futhi abe inkinga enkulu. Ngenxa yokungagelezi kahle kwe-culture medium, noma ukuthi kunezitshalo eziningi ezivimbela ukuhamba kahle komoya, kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwesikhunta.
Lokhu kungabangela izitshalo zempepho ukuba zigule, okuveza ukulimala kwesici sokukhunta noma isikhunta esimpunga, esikhiqizwa yizinhlamvu zesikhunta se-phytopathogenic. I-Phytophthora sp. Lokhu kungabonwa lapho amabala ebonwa njengempushana empunga. Uma kunjalo, i-fungicide kufanele ifakwe. Khona-ke, gcina ukugcinwa kwezitshalo okusekelwe ethusi noma isulfure, ngokusho kwemithamo echazwe nguchwepheshe futhi usebenzise ukuchelela uma kunesidingo, ukugwema umswakama owedlulele.
inkolelo ethandwayo
Ngenxa yephunga laso elithambile lempepho, kunenkolelo evamile yokuthi lesi sitshalo siwuphawu lwenhlanhla nokuthi lapho kukhishwa iphunga laso lempepho, kusho ukuthi sekufike izindaba ezinhle. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, izitshalo zempepho zisiza ukuxosha omiyane nomiyane. Kanye ne-perfume imvelo.
Ngiyakumema ukuthi ufunde kabanzi mayelana: