Itshe lenze iphutha njengegolide: amathiphu namasu okulihlukanisa ngaphandle kwamaphutha

Ukuhlukanisa igolide langempela kumaminerali afanayo ingagwema ukudumala okungaphezu kokukodwa futhi yonge imali nesikhathi sabafunayo, abaqoqi kanye nabathandi bobucwebe. Odumile "igolide lesiwula", ogama lakhe lesayensi i-pyrite, liye lakhohlisa abantu abangaqaphile amakhulu eminyaka ngenxa yokukhanya kwayo nombala wegolide, nakuba kukhona amanye amaminerali angakwazi futhi kudidaniswe nensimbi eyigugu. Ukufunda ukuhlukanisa igolide langempela kokulingiswa kuyikhono eliyisisekelo kubo bobabili abafunda esikoleni nochwepheshe.

Khomba kahle igolide Akubalulekile kuphela ngezizathu zezomnotho noma zokuqoqwa, kodwa futhi nasekuphepheni nokuhambisana nomthetho emisebenzini yezimayini. Ukwazi amasu athembekile, ukusetshenziswa kwawo, namaphutha avame kakhulu kuthuthukisa amathuba ethu okuphumelela nempumelelo. ujabulele umhlaba wamaminerali nakakhulu.

Kungani amanye amatshe edidekile negolide?

Igolide livelele ngenxa yalo umbala ophuzi ojulile, ukuminyana nokungabi nalutho kwawo, kodwa kukhona amaminerali okubukeka kwawo okufana kangangokuthi angadida ngisho neso eliqeqeshiwe. Into evame kakhulu ukuyihlanganisa ne- i-pyrite, edume ngokuthi "igolide lesiwula" ngenxa yenani lezikhathi elidlule ngazo igolide kubahloli abangenalwazi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokugijima kwegolide okungokomlando.

Lokhu kudideka akubangelwa nje ukubonakala. Pyrite amasheya i-metallic shine enamandla, umbala osagolide nobulukhuni obuthile ngegolide, kodwa izakhiwo zabo ezingokomzimba namakhemikhali zihluke kakhulu. Amanye amatshe afana ne-chalcopyrite, ithusi, noma ngisho nezinto ezifana ne-mica noma izingcezu ezifakwe ngegolide nazo zingabangela ukudideka.

Izinto ezibonakalayo nezibonakalayo zegolide ngokumelene nabalingisi balo

Ukuze ungaweli emaphutheni, isinyathelo sokuqala ukwazi Umehluko oyinhloko ngombala, ukucwebezela, nokwakheka kumaminerali ngayinye.

• Umbala: Igolide linombala ophuzi ongashintshi, ofudumele ongashintshi ngokushintsha kokukhanya. Ngokuphambene, i-pyrite (kanye ne-chalcopyrite) inombala ophuzi opholile, oluhlaza okotshani. Ithusi Ayicwebezeli kangako futhi i-mica ingacwebezela, kodwa ivamise ukubonakala ngamashidi amancanyana kakhulu kanye nombala ofanayo omncane.
• Ukukhanya: Igolide likhanya ngendlela metallic futhi bushelelezi, kuyilapho i-pyrite ikhanya kakhudlwana futhi ingabonakala ngisho "nezibuko," kodwa ukucwebezela kwayo kubanda. I-Chalcopyrite ne-mica zinokucwebezela kwazo, kodwa azilokothi zijule noma zifudumale njengegolide elihlanzekile.
• Umumo: I-pyrite ngokuvamile yakha amakristalu e-polycubic noma izimo zejometri eziphelele, into eyivelakancane egolideni, evame ukutholakala emimotweni engajwayelekile noma ama-nuggets amancane ayindilinga.

Lo mehluko ocashile uba sobala kakhulu ngolwazi nokuqhathanisa okuqondile.

Ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo kokubona igolide

Ngaphandle kokuhlolwa okubonakalayo, kukhona izindlela zasekhaya nezomsebenzi ukuhlukanisa igolide kwamanye amaminerali. Ezinye zazo zingasetshenziswa ngaphandle kwamathuluzi akhethekile, kanti ezinye zidinga imishini noma ngisho nosizo lomkhandi onekhono.

Ukuhlolwa kokuminyana

Igolide liyinsimbi eminyene kakhulu (19,3 g/cm³ ngobumsulwa), uma kuqhathaniswa cishe no-5 g/cm³ we-pyrite. Isisindo nokulinganisa ivolumu yesiqeshana sivumela ukubala ukuminyana kwayo, okusiza ukukhipha ukulingisa.

• Kala ucezu.
• Gcwalisa kancane inkomishi yokulinganisa ngamanzi futhi uqaphele umthamo wokuqala.
• Faka ucezu futhi uqaphele ivolumu entsha. Umehluko umthamo wento.
• Hlukanisa isisindo ngevolumu esusiwe ukuze uthole ukuminyana.

Uma umphumela useduze nenani legolide le-18 noma 24 carat, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi igolide langempela.

Ukuhlolwa kokuqina

Igolide lihle kakhulu ithambile futhi ithambile, enobunzima obuphakathi kuka-2,5 no-3 esikalini se-Mohs. Ingaklwejwa kalula ngozipho noma izitsha ezivamile. I-Pyrite, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inzima kakhulu (6-6,5 esikalini se-Mohs) futhi i-brittle.

• Uma ungakwazi ukufaka amaphuzu indawo ngozipho noma uyigobise ngobumnene, kungenzeka ukuthi igolide.
• Uma iphuka ibe yizicucu noma imelana nokunwaya, cishe i-pyrite noma enye i-mineral eqinile.

Ukuhlola Magnet

El Igolide yinsimbi engeyona i-magnetic, ngakho-ke akufanele ikhangwe uzibuthe. Uma ucezu lukhangwa, kungaba ingxube yensimbi, ithusi, i-pyrite, noma ucezu lwegolide mbumbulu.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Streak

Ukuhlikihla itshe endaweni yobumba engacwebezeli kuveza umbala wetshe. i-streak noma i-streak:

• Igolide langempela lishiya umzila osagolide-ophuzi.
• I-pyrite ishiya i-streak emnyama, ngokuvamile emnyama eluhlaza.
• I-Brass ayishiyi imaki futhi i-mica, njengoba ithambile kakhulu, ayikhiqizi umugqa ochaziwe.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-nitric acid

Ukuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali okulula, kodwa okumele kwenziwe ngokucophelela. Igolide akusabeli ku-nitric acid, kuyilapho i-pyrite nethusi yenza, ikhiqiza umbala oluhlaza noma omhlophe.

Kunconywa ukuthi lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwe ngochwepheshe, njengoba i-nitric acid iyingozi uma ihlangana nesikhumba noma amehlo.

Izinsimbi namaminerali avame ukudideka negolide

Ngaphezu kwe-pyrite, kunezinye abalingisi abavamile begolide okufana kwabo kudala ukudideka ikakhulukazi kwezobucwebe, ukuqoqwa noma ukufuna izimayini.

• Igolide Plating: Amagugu amaningi kanye nezesekeli zine-a ungqimba olungaphezulu lwegolide, kodwa ingaphakathi layo lingenye insimbi, njengethusi, isiliva, noma insimbi. Ukuklwebha okungaphezulu kuvame ukuveza isisekelo sensimbi.
• Ithusi: Umbala wayo uyafana, kodwa uma iklebhula nge-ceramic ayishiyi umugqa ophuzi futhi ayicwebezeli kangako.
• I-Chalcopyrite: Inombala osagolide kodwa ivamise ukukhombisa imibala eluhlaza okotshani futhi ilula kakhulu.
• Mica: Ukucwebezela kukaMica kungase kubukeke njengegolide, kodwa izingqimba zayo ezincane nezikhanyayo ziyayikhipha ngokushesha.
• I-Arsenopyrite: Ifana ne-pyrite, kodwa i-metallic ngaphezulu, iqinile futhi i-brittle.

Izici eziyingqayizivele ze-pyrite: "igolide lesiwula" langempela

I-pyrite yiyona "igolide lesiwula" elidumile ubuhle obusezingeni eliphezulu. Izici zayo ezingokomzimba namakhemikhali zihlanganisa:

• Ukwakheka: I-Iron disulfide (FeS₂), ihluke ngokusobala kugolide elimsulwa (Au).
• Ukukhanya nombala: Iphimbo layo lithusi kakhulu kunophuzi osagolide, futhi ukucwebezela kwayo kunamandla futhi kubanda okwensimbi.
• Ubuthakathaka: Nakuba iqinile, iphuka kalula ibe yizicucu ezicijile.
• Ifomu le-Crystalline: Kwenzeka kumakhyubhu, ama-octahedron noma ama-granular aggregates, ngokuvamile asesimweni esiphelele esingajwayelekile egolideni lemvelo.
• I-Streak: Umugqa awuphuzi, uhlala umnyama noma uluhlaza okotshani.
• Ubuningi: Izwakala ilula kakhulu kunegolide elinosayizi ofanayo.
• I-Conductivity: Iphansi kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa ne-conductivity kagesi yegolide elihlanzekile.

Amaphutha ajwayelekile nokuthi ungawagwema kanjani

Ukwenza iphutha ngetshe noma ucezu lwegolide kulula kunalokho okubonakala, ikakhulukazi uma sihamba ngokubukeka kuphela. Amaphutha ajwayelekile nokuthi zingavinjelwa kanjani yilezi:

• Ungazenzi izivivinyo zomzimbaUkuhlaziya okubukwayo kuyasiza, kodwa akwanele. Kuhlale kuwumqondo omuhle ukuhlola ubulukhuni, ukuminyana, uzibuthe, namandla.
• Uhlatshwe umxhwele ukukhalipha: Ukucwebezela okukhulu kwe-pyrite kuvame ukudlula okwegolide, kodwa umbala wayo nokubonisa kwayo kubanda futhi kuluhlaza.
• Ungayihlonzi imibhaloUbucwebe begolide buvame ukuba nemibhalo (ibanga lokuhlanzeka kanye nekhodi yomkhiqizi). Ukungabikho kwazo noma ukuba khona kwezithombe eziqoshiwe ezisolisayo kufanele kukuxwayise.
• Hhayi ukubonisana nochwephesheUma unokungabaza, hlala uthintana ne-jeweler noma i-gemologist. Ochwepheshe banamathuluzi nolwazi lokuhlukanisa phakathi kwamagugu ahlukene ngaphandle komkhawulo wephutha.

Ukubaluleka kokuhlonza okulungile

Ukwazi kahle amaminerali Ibalulekile ngenxa yezizathu eziningi:

• Gwema ukukhwabanisa nokulahlekelwa ngokwezimaliUkuthenga noma ukuthengisa igolide mbumbulu kungaba yingozi kakhulu esimweni sakho sezezimali. Ungakwazi futhi ukubuza mayelana ukwazi kanjani ukuthi igolide elimhlophe.
• UkuphephaAmanye amaminerali angaba yingozi noma abe yingozi. Ukuzisingatha ungazi kungaba nemiphumela.
• Ukuthobela umthethoUkusebenza ngezinsimbi eziyigugu kungaphansi kwemithetho eqinile. Amaphutha ekubikeni angaholela ekujezisweni.
• Umthelela wezemveloUkumbiwa kwezimayini ngendlela efanele kudinga ukwazi kahle ukuthi yiziphi izimbiwa endaweni ukuze kuncishiswe umonakalo.

Izicelo ezisebenzayo kanye nelukuluku mayelana ne-pyrite

Nakuba i-pyrite ingenalo ukubaluleka kwezomnotho kwegolide, iye yaba nayo indima enkulu emlandweni futhi isasetshenziswa nanamuhla:

• I-Antiquity: Isetshenziswa njengesibuko sama-Inca nasezintweni zokuhloba ngamaGreki namaRoma.
• Ithuluzi lokwenza umlilo: Ikhiqiza izinhlansi lapho ishaywa ngensimbi, yingakho igama layo lisuka kwelesiGrikhi elithi "pyr" (umlilo). Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe, vakashela amatshe aheha imali kanye nenhlanhla.
• Imboni yamakhemikhali: Umthombo wesulfure wokwenza i-sulfuric acid kanye namabhethri esimanje.
• Inkomba ye-Geological: Ukuba khona kwayo kusiza ekutholeni amadiphozi kwezinye izinsimbi.
• Ukwakha: Kungabangela izinkinga ngenxa yokwanda kwezinto eziyisisekelo.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma unemibuzo mayelana nocezu?

Uma uthola itshe noma igugu osola ukuthi liyigolide:

• Yiba nokuhlolwa okubukwayo nokomzimba: Bheka umbala, ukukhanya, isisindo kanye nokulandelana.
• Yenza ukuhlolwa kukazibuthe futhi, uma ungakwazi, elokuminyana.
• Bheka imibhalo yobumsulwa bese uqhathanisa ucezu nezinye izingcezu ezenziwe ngegolide langempela.
• Ungasali nokungabazaUma inani likuthethelela, thintana nochwepheshe.

Ukuhlonza okulungile kuqinisekisa ukucaca futhi kuvimbela ukulahlekelwa, ngaphezu kwalokho vikela utshalomali lwakho kanye nokuphepha kwakho. Ukwazi umehluko phakathi kwegolide nabalingisi balo, njenge-pyrite, kwandisa ulwazi lwakho futhi kukusize ugweme amaphutha abizayo nayingozi.