Imithala iqoqo lamaplanethi, uthuli lwe-cosmic, izinto ezimnyama, izinkanyezi, namafu egesi. Angacatshangelwa I-Galaxy Elements kuya ezakhiweni ezinjenge-nebulae, amaqoqo ezinkanyezi, nezinhlelo zezinkanyezi eziningi eziboshwe amandla adonsela phansi. Ukwandisa umqondo, ungabheka isihloko esithi Ayini ama-nebulae?.
Imithala yakhiwe yizinto eziningi ezakha i- umkhathi. Idatha ekubunjweni kwazo nokuziphendukela kwemvelo ingatholwa ngokuthola izinkanyezi kanye nenani lezinto ezisindayo eziqukethwe. Ukuze ujule esihlokweni, sikumema ukuthi ufunde ngokuhlukile amagama ezinkanyezi.
Ucwaningo olusanda kunyatheliswa ngemithala lubonisa ukuthi cishe kunemithala eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili endaweni yonke. Okwe izazi zezinkanyezi Umthala wethu uye wakha ilukuluku elikhulu, njengoba ukuwutadisha kuye kwanikeza ukwaziswa mayelana nokuthi sivelaphi futhi kuye kwasisiza ukuba sisondele ekuchazeni izakhi ezakha indawo yonke nendlela eziyilolonga ngayo indlela esithuthuke ngayo.
Ungafunda futhi: AMANEBULOSE KANYE NOMBONO WAWO NGEMQOKA YEZINKANYEZI
I-Galaxy yethu, i-Milky Way
Uma kukhulunywa ngemithala, mhlawumbe owaziwa kakhulu yi-Milky Way, lapho umthala Uhlelo lomkhathi okungokwabo iplanethi enguMhlaba. I-Milky Way ingaphakathi kweQembu Lendawo, iqoqo lemithala ecishe ibe ngamashumi amane, i-Milky Way ingeyesibili ngobukhulu nekhanya kakhulu ngemva komthala I-Andromeda.
Incazelo ye-etymological yegama lakhe okusho ngesiLatini i-milky way ubisi lwendlela, ivela ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki, njengoba umthala, empeleni, ukhiqiza ukubonakala kwebhande elincane lokukhanya eliwela umkhathi woMhlaba, amaGreki awuqhathanisa nobisi oluchitheke esifubeni sikankulunkulukazi wamaGreki uHera. Ukuze uqonde kangcono izici zemithala, kuyasiza ukufunda ngemithala izici zamaplanethi wesimiso sonozungezilanga.
Isazi sezinkanyezi uDemocritus (460 BC-370 BC) sathi mhlophe qhwa Ukukhanya okwakubonakala esibhakabhakeni amaGreki ayekubiza ngokuthi i-milky way empeleni kwakuyinani lezinkanyezi eziqoqwe ndawonye ezazikhanya kalufifi kakhulu ukuba zibonakale njengezinye izinkanyezi. Ukusikisela kukaDemocritus akuzange kusekelwe kwaze kwaba ngu-1609 lapho isazi sezinkanyezi uGalileo Galilei naye esebenzisa isibonakude ukufakazela ukuthi imfundiso kaDemocritus yayiyiqiniso, ngoba nomaphi lapho wawubheka khona wawuthola izinkanyezi.
I-Milky Way i umthala ojwayelekile ngesimo sokuvunguza kwama-disc ajikelezayo akhiwe ngezinto ezintathu: i-disc, i-bulb kanye ne-halo. Uma ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe mayelana ezahlukene amaplanethi ohlelo lwamandla elanga, qhubeka upheqa isihloko sethu.
I-Milky Way Disk
Lesi sakhi sakhiwe ngesakhiwo esihle futhi esiyisicaba esakhiwe izinkanyezi ezincane, igesi, amadwala nothuli, okuvela kuzo izingalo eziyisishiyagalombili ezithandelayo lapho izinhlelo zamaplanethi, phakathi kwabo owethu. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana nalezi zinhlelo, ungafunda mayelana Amaplanethi anjengomhlaba.
Izinhlelo zenkanyezi, izinkanyezi nakho konke imizimba ye-cosmic ebonakalayo ngaphakathi kwe-Milky Way ijikeleza eksisi yayo, yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi idiski; Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi asetshenziswa isikhungo somthala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, into emnyama ezungeze izindikimba zasemkhathini ibalulekile ukuze siqonde ukubaluleka kwamandla adonsela phansi kumaplanethi.
I-galactic disk indawo lapho izakhi zomthala zizungeza khona ngesivinini esithile nezinzile. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lokhu kuzinza kuyashintsha njengoba izindikimba zasezulwini zisondela i-galactic core, futhi kanjalo isikhungo somthala silingisa indawo yokukhanya.
Njengamanje kunezifundo ezikhombisa ezethu i-galaxy njenge-atypical ngokungabhekananga nanoma yikuphi ukuhlanganiswa okukhulu nenye, ukwakheka kwezinkanyezi njalo futhi kwavela ngendlela ezolile. Izici zale nqubo ziyathakazelisa.
I-Milky Way bulb
Ibizwa nangokuthi i-galactic core, izakhi zomthala ezakha le ndawo kuphela Population II izinkanyezi, emincane, ebomvu nendala, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iyisici semithala ezungeza njengeMilky Way. Ukuze uthole ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe, ungafunda mayelana izinkanyezi nezici zazo.
Asakazwa ngokwendawo ngendlela eyi-ellipsoidal ngokungafani nokusatshalaliswa okuyisicaba kwediski, ngaphambili bekucatshangwa ukuthi wonke ama-bulb ayizakhiwo ezakhiwe i-elliptical galaxy phakathi nediski, manje izazi zezinkanyezi manje zicabanga ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningana zamaqhuqhuva.
Ucwaningo olusha endaweni yesayensi yezinkanyezi luphakamisa ukuthi IMilky Way, ayinayo isibani esimaphakathi noma i-nucleus noma uma ikhona incane kakhulu, yakheke ngokushayisana nokuhlangana kwemithala ekhona ngaphambili. Kunalokho, izazi zezinkanyezi zachaza iqhubu iMilky Way njengeqhubu mbumbulu.
I-Milky Way Halo
Iyingxenye yomthala owakhiwe ngesakhiwo esiyindilinga esizungeza imithala ezungeza njenge-Milky Way, okucatshangwa ukuthi yakhiwe amaqoqo enkanyezi ye-globular amadala kakhulu (ama-dwarfs ansundu nabomvu), igesi ephakathi kwezinkanyezi enezinga eliphansi kanye nezinto ezimnyama. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nalawa maqoqo, ungabheka isihloko esithi iplanethi nebulae.
Abadala kakhulu, ngakho-ke kunengqondo ukuthi amaqembu ezinkanyezi kumelwe ukuba akheka lapho i-Milky Way yayinkulu. ifu legesi Yayibhidlika futhi iba isicaba. Ngakho iqukethe izinto eziningi ezimnyama futhi kungenzeka ukuthi izinkanyezi ze-halo zingatholakala kudiski.
Kusukela ku-Solar System akunakwenzeka ukubona i-nucleus yomthala ngenxa yokuba khona kwezifunda ezibanzi ze-galaxy. inkanyezi phakathi kwediski kanye nesikhungo se-galactic.
I-Milky Way Galaxy Elements
KuMsuka Womhlaba ngokwenkolelo-mbono ye-Big Bang, i-Milky Way yasungulwa ngokusebenzisa izifunda ezincane ze-Big Bang. ukuminyana ngokweqile ekusabalaliseni ngobuningi. Lezi zifunda bekuyimbewu yamaqoqo e-globular lapho izinkanyezi ezakha umthala zisaphila futhi okwamanje zakha i-stellar halo. Uma ufuna ukungena ujule esihlokweni, hlola isihloko mayelana umehluko phakathi kwamaplanethi nezinkanyezi.
Ngemva kwalesi senzakalo, ubukhulu bomthala, owakhiwa izigidi zezigidi zezinkanyezi, wawumkhulu ngokwanele ukuba ujikeleze ngokushesha, okwenza i-interstellar gaseous medium ukugoqa ukusuka kusimo esiyindilinga kuye kudiski eliyisicaba. Izizukulwane ezilandelayo zezinkanyezi zazizokwakheka kuleli diski. Ukuze uqonde kangcono izinkanyezi, ngikumema ukuthi ufunde mayelana Amaplanethi amancane.
Lapho izinkanyezi zokuqala ziqala ukwakheka, i-Milky Way yayikhula futhi yenza ukuhlangana komthala, njengokukhulisa umthala. i-galactic halo. Ngale ndlela, i-Milky Way yayikhulisa ubukhulu bayo ngemithala emibili eseduze yesathelayithi. Nokho, ayikahlangani nemithala emikhulu njengemithala ezungezayo efanayo.
Njengamanje umthala wethu ukulokho okushiwo ucwaningo lwakamuva isigodi esiluhlaza, okuyindawo egcwele imithala enezinkanyezi ezisebenzayo eziya emithala entula ukwakheka kwemizimba emisha yezinkanyezi. Uma ufuna ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nesimiso sonozungezilanga nendawo yayo, ungabheka isihloko umhlahlandlela esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku.
Ungafunda futhi… I-CENTER OF GRAVITY: IPHUZU LOKUTHINZA KWAMANDLA EKUGQUGQUZELA
Imithala Ngaphakathi Kwe-Galaxy Yethu
Zaziwa njengemithala yesathelayithi futhi umthala wethu unenani elikhulu lawo. Laba ababili abakhulu bakhulu Ifu leMagellan kanye nefu elincane leMagellan, ezinye ziyimithala emincane eyi-elliptical. Njengamanje ucwaningo luyenziwa emthaleni wethu kuthungathwa imithala emisha emikhulu yesathelayithi.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-Milky Way ithatha i-Elements Of The Galaxy, ebizwa ngokuthi ama-dwarfs aseduze kakhulu nayo, kangangokuthi izingxenye zalezi imithala emincane yesathelayithi ziyadatshulwa futhi zimuncwe okwethu. Ukuze uqonde kangcono amandla adonsela phansi kulezi zimo, ngiphakamisa ukuthi ubheke isihloko esithi amandla adonsela phansi amaplanethi.
Indlela i-Milky Way emunca ngayo amaqoqo ezinkanyezi ngenxa yokuthi izungeza i-eksisi ehlanganisa izigxobo ze-galactic. Ukuzungeza kwe-Milky Way kwenzeka ngendlela yewashi, kuhudula izingalo ezithandelayo.
Njengoba kushiwo ekuqaleni, emthaleni wethu kuneqembu lamaplanethi lapho uMhlaba utholakala khona, obizwa ngochwepheshe ngokuthi Uhlelo lomkhathi. Lolu hlelo lutholakala endaweni ebizwa nge-Orion Arm futhi lungaba iminyaka engaba ngu-28.000 ukukhanya ukusuka endaweni emaphakathi ye-Milky Way.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi iSolar System inenkanyezi eyodwa kuphela, ebizwa Sol, ngaphezu kokusingatha amaplanethi ayisishiyagalombili (the Umhlaba, iMars, iVenus, iMercury, iJupiter, iSaturn, iNeptune ne-Uranus) neminye imizimba emincane.
Ungafunda futhi: LA INDAWO YASE-CELESTIAL KANYE NEZAKHONA ZAKHO EZIBALULEKILE NE-COSMO
