Izenzakalo zemvelo ziyintuthuko kanye nokuthuthuka kokuguqulwa, ukuguqulwa, kanye nokuguqulwa okwenzeka emvelweni. Zenzeka njalo, ngaphandle kokubangelwa ukungenelela komuntu. Thola konke ngalesi sihloko esibalulekile lapha.
Izenzakalo Zemvelo
Ukuchaza izenzakalo zemvelo kuhilela ukubhekisela kuzo zonke izimo ezingavamile, ezimangalisayo, nezingalindelekile ezenzeka emvelweni futhi zibangele ukushintshashintsha, ukuphazamiseka, kanye nokuguqulwa kwezimo zangaphambilini, lapho isenzo sasingewona umphumela wokungenelela komuntu.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lezi zingaphakanyiswa ngezikhathi ezithile, ziphindeke, ziphindaphindeke noma ziphindaphindeke, kanye nokuba yisenzo sokusabela ekuguqukeni komzimba kwembulunga.
Lezi zenzakalo zemvelo ziyizenzakalo ezingavamile kakhulu, ezibonakala ngokubonakala kwazo nokubonakala kwazo ezindaweni ezahlukene zezwe. Zidala izinhlobo ezahlukene zomthelela emvelweni , zidala imiphumela, imiphumela, kanye nemiphumela ngaphakathi kwesimiso semvelo soMhlaba.
Izigigaba zemvelo zibonakala ngokusabela ezimisweni, ezinkambisweni, ezisekelweni, ezenzweni zemvelo kanye nezinqubo eziqondisa, eziholayo noma eziqondisa umkhakha wembulunga. Ngaphandle kwezigameko zabantu abahlala kuyo. Nokho, kunomphumela oqhubekayo obekwa yilokhu ngemva kokungcoliswa okuqhubekayo nokungakhethi.
Izenzakalo zemvelo zivame ukwenzeka ngezindlela ezahlukene, ngaphandle kokubanga imiphumela ebalulekile, ebonakala njengesenzakalo esivamile noma mhlawumbe umjikelezo. Kodwa-ke, njengoba nje zingaba yingozi, zingaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu, zibangele umonakalo omkhulu kubantu, ezilwaneni, ezitshalweni, kanye nasemvelweni uqobo. Uma zenzeka futhi zibangela umonakalo, kuba yinhlekelele yemvelo.
Iyini Inhlekelele Yemvelo?
Izinhlekelele zemvelo zibangelwa yizinto zemvelo ezibangela umonakalo, ukubhujiswa, ukucekelwa phansi kanye nokulimala. Ubukhulu kanye nomthelela wazo kuthinta ngqo abantu nakho konke okubazungezile. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinhlekelele zivame ukuba nomthelela noma ithonya elingaqondile lapho abantu bedlala khona indima ebalulekile.
Ngakho-ke, umuntu uzoba umlingiswa ongaqondile walokhu, kanye nezimo zemvelo kanjalo. Ukhumbula ukuthi lezi zimo ziyimpendulo emithelela eminingi yokuthi ngandlela thize, abantu bangayeki ukuhlaziya, okwenza inhlekelele isipiliyoni esenziwe, nokulahlekelwa okuvame ukuba yizimpilo zabantu, izilwane, imvelo kanye nezinto zokwakha. .
Uyini umphumela we-greenhouse?
Lokhu kungenye yezenzakalo zemvelo zomkhathi, okuhambisana nokwanda kwezinga lokushisa kuwo, okuwumphumela wokuqoqwa kwamagesi, ikakhulukazi isikhutha.
Kuyini ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke?
Ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke yilokho okwenzeka ngemva kokunqwabelana ngokweqile komphumela we-greenhouse, okukhiqiza ukugcinwa kokushisa kanye nokuphuma kwawo. Ukubangela ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu okuthinta uMhlaba kanye ne-ecosystem.
Izinhlobo Zezenzakalo Zemvelo
Ukuhlukaniswa noma izinhlobo zezehlakalo zemvelo zihlukaniswa ngokwezehlakalo zazo kanye nemvelaphi yazo, okuholela emtheleleni eziwubangelayo. Lokhu okulandelayo yizehlakalo zemvelo ezibalulekile nezibalulekile ohlelweni lwemvelo:
- I-Astronomical: Zivela endaweni yonke, zithinta ngokuphelele yonke into, eMhlabeni nakwamanye amaplanethi eSolar System.
- I-Atmospheric noma Meteorological: Izimo zemvelo ze-atmospheric noma meteorological yilezo ezenzeka ezingqimbeni ezihlukene zomkhathi. Kusukela kulokho umoya, kuya ongqimbeni lwe-ozone. Ukuba yilabo abanesizinda sokuthola ukuthi yisiphi isimo sezulu esibonwa ku-ecosystem.
- I-Biological: Lezi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, yizo ezibhekana nokuguqulwa nokuguqulwa, ukuguqula noma iyiphi inqubo ehlobene nokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ukuthuthukiswa, ukusebenza, phakathi kokunye. Ukuthi bakhiphe izidalwa eziphilayo, okungukuthi, abantu, izilwane kanye nezitshalo. Izinhlobo, umthelela wazo nokushabalala okungaba khona, kanye nokufuduka.
- I-Geological: Zenziwa engxenyeni yangaphakathi noma ukwakheka okuqinile koMhlaba, ngaphandle kokushiya eceleni, okungokwakhe. Kufanele benze ngokucacile ngokuhamba kwamapuleti e-tectonic. Kulokhu futhi isenzo sezintaba-mlilo.
- I-Hydrological: Izimo zemvelo ze-hydrological zibonakala kunoma yimaphi amanzi emhlabeni, lapho amagagasi nanoma yikuphi okunye ukunyakaza noma ukususwa kwamanzi kugqama.
- Odokotela bamehlo: Lolu hlobo lwezenzakalo zemvelo lunokubonakala kwalo ngokukhanya, ukushintsha noma ukulungisa izici zalo, indlela yesigameko noma isenzo. Kanye nokushintshisana ngendaba.
Ama-Prototypes we-Natural Phenomena
Okulandelayo yizibonelo zezenzakalo zemvelo :
- I-Astronomical: Ukusitheka kwenyanga, ukusitheka kwelanga, ukunyakaza komhlaba, okungukuthi, ukujikeleza nokuhumusha kwawo. Izihlambi ze-Meteor, i-lunastice, i-solstice, ukukhanya kwenyanga, ukubhula, implosion, umthelela wezinkanyezi. Izigaba zenyanga, i-echo ekhanyayo, i-equinox, imisebe yelanga, phakathi kokunye.
- Umkhathi: Imvula, iziphepho, umbani, izivunguvungu, iqhwa, iziphepho zikagesi, uthingo, umoya, i-aurora borealis, i-parhelio, imisebe ye-crepuscular, ukukhanya kwe-zodiacal, ifu le-noctilucent, isichotho, umbani oluhlaza, izivunguvungu, i-aurora borealis, i-cyclone eshisayo, phakathi kwabanye.
- I-Biological: Ukufuduka kwezilwane, i-oviposition yezinhlanzi, ukuqothulwa kwezilwane, ukuvundiswa komuntu, ukuvela kwezilwane, i-photosynthesis, izifo, izifo eziwumshayabhuqe, izifo eziwubhadane, i-red tide, indlala, izifo, i-metamorphism, ukubukeka kwezimbali, phakathi kwabanye.
- I-Geological: Ukudilika komhlaba, ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, ukucwiliswa kwenhlabathi, ezokuthutha, isimo sezulu, ukusimende, ukufakwa kwe-lithification, ukuzamazama komhlaba, ukudilika komhlaba, i-hydrothermalism, ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo, ama-avalanche noma ukudilika kwenhlabathi. I-Plate subduction, i-continental drift, i-orogenesis, i-metasomatism, ukuphakanyiswa koqweqwe lomhlaba, phakathi kokunye.
- I-Hydrological: Imisinga yasolwandle, ama-tsunami, izimpophoma, amagagasi, imisinga, ama-rapids, imisinga yolwandle, amagagasi, phakathi kokunye.
- Odokotela bamehlo: uthingo, ama-halos, ama-mirages, ukukhanya okukhanyayo, ukukhanya kwe-diffraction, ukusabalalisa ukukhanya, phakathi kokunye.
Izimbangela Zezenzakalo Zemvelo
Namuhla, iPlanethi Yomhlaba kanye nayo yonke i-Solar System ithintwa izinguquko nokuguqulwa okukhiqizwa ngemva komphumela wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ngoba konke kuvela kulokhu, okukhonjiswa njengokubhubhisa kakhulu, okubangela umphumela olimazayo.
Kuyasabisa ukuthi izibalo ezisingathiwe, ziphonsa ucwaningo, oluhlanganisa ukuqala kwale nkulungwane yeminyaka kuze kube namuhla. Ngenxa yomthelela wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Amaphesenti angama-90 wezenzakalo ezenzekayo zivela noma zidalwa yila mandla angenakuvinjelwa, kokubili ngokuqondile nangokungaqondile. Futhi ukwazi ukuthi izinhlekelele zemvelo ezilawula izenzakalo zemvelo ziye zaphindeka kabili ngesikhathi socwaningo.
Yingakho i-UN icela ukuthi kusungulwe izinyathelo, ekuqaleni zokubhekana nokuqwashisa ngemvelo , okusalokhu kuntuleka futhi okuthinta kakhulu imvelo iyonke. Zonke izizwe kumele zihlanganiswe kulo mzamo wokuthuthukisa amasu nokudala izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo ukuze kuzuze wonke umuntu.
I-Usual Natural Fenomena Ikhiqizwa Futhi Yathinteka Kanjani?
Indlela okwenzeka ngayo izinto zemvelo ezivamile ohlelweni lwemvelo yilena elandelayo:
Isayensi yezinkanyezi
Mayelana nalesi simo semvelo esinakho:
- Imisebe yelanga: Lokhu kuhambisana nokwenzeka kwemvelo yezinkanyezi ezivela eLangeni, okubangela isigameko eMhlabeni naseNyangeni. Ukwazi ukuthi isenzo sawo emhlabeni sithinta i-ecosystem.
- Ukunyakaza Komhlaba Wokuzungeza Nokuhumusha: Lesi yisenzakalo esingokwemvelo, okuyiso esisabela kulokho okubonakala njengemini, ubusuku kanye nokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukungashiyi eceleni ithonya layo ekuthuthukisweni kwezinkathi zonyaka.
- Izigaba zenyanga: Lokhu kuhambisana nokusabela kokuhamba kwalokhu mayelana noMhlaba kanye neLanga.
geological
Ezinye zimi kanje:
- I-Orogenesis: Lokhu yikho okuvame ukubukwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi eside. Njengokuziphendukela kwemvelo nokuthuthukiswa kokulandelana kwezintaba, ezixhunywe komunye nomunye, zakha isethi.
- Amalahle, Uwoyela Negesi: Ukwakheka kwalokhu kuyisenzo esibhekana nokuguqulwa kwezinto eziphilayo futhi okwenzeka kuphela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
I-Hydrological
Lezi yizinto zemvelo ezivame ukwenzeka , ezinye zazo ezilandelayo:
- Izimpophoma, Rapids kanye Meanders: Ziyimpendulo ekuhambeni kwamanzi ngokusebenzisa imigudu ehlukahlukene.
- I-Ocean Currents: Lokhu ukusabela kokuhamba kwenqwaba yamanzi aqukethwe olwandle.
- Amagagasi: Ziyimpendulo yokuhamba kwamanzi, lapho umoya wenza khona isenzakalo esibalulekile maqondana nokubunjwa kwawo.
emkhathini
Phakathi kwejwayelekile kukhona:
- Umoya: Kubangelwa ukunyakaza kwezindimbane zomoya, ngomfutho womkhathi onomthelela omkhulu kuzo.
- Imvula: Kuyimpendulo ye-Hydrological Water Cycle, lapho amanzi afika phezu komhlaba avela emafwini. Kungaba sesimweni esiwuketshezi, okuyimvula, noma isimo esiqinile, okuyiqhwa noma isichotho.
- Ray: Ukushaywa kombani kuyizinto zemvelo, umkhiqizo wokukhishwa kukagesi, okukhiqizwa emkhathini futhi kufinyelele ebusweni bomhlaba.
I-Biological and Ecological
Izenzakalo zemvelo ezivame ukwenzeka yilezi ezilandelayo:
- I-Evolution of Species: Zonke ziyizinguquko zomzimba nezofuzo ezinikeza impendulo kubantu abasha.
- Ukufuduka Kwezilwane: Lokhu kuhambisana nokuhamba kwezilwane zisuka endaweni eyodwa ziye kwenye zisabela esidingweni.
- Ukuqothulwa Kwezilwane: Lona okhiqizwa ngemva kwemiphumela ehlukahlukene, lapho izilwane zohlobo olufanayo zinyamalala ngokuphelele.
- Ukuvundisa: Ukuvundisa kuyimpendulo yokuhlangana kwama-gametes, kokubili abesifazane nabesilisa, ngokuzalana ngokocansi, ngaleyo ndlela kube nomuntu omusha.
Ziyini Izinhlekelele Zemvelo Zezenzakalo Zemvelo?
Ezinye zalezi ezilandelayo izinhlekelele zemvelo, ngokwemvelaphi yazo:
Izinhlekelele ezikhiqizwa phakathi eMhlabeni
Okuvame kakhulu yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Ukuzamazama komhlaba: Lezi yizimpendulo ekuthuthweni kwamapuleti e-tectonic, okuthi ngalo mqondo unyakazise umhlaba, acekele phansi yonke into ngenxa yezigameko zawo.
- I-Tsunami noma i-Tidal Wave: Ikhiqizwa ngemva komnyakazo noma ukugudluzwa koqweqwe lomhlaba kusukela ekujuleni kolwandle, okubangela amagagasi okuphakama okukhulu afinyelela ogwini. Ukungena kumasayithi anabantu abaningi okudala ukucekelwa phansi.
- Ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo: Lokhu kukhiqizwa noma kunemvelaphi yakho phakathi komhlaba futhi kuyimpendulo ekuncibilikeni kwamadwala. Ukufika eMhlabeni kanye nomlotha namagesi, okudala izinhlekelele ku-ecosystem.
Izinhlekelele Ezikhiqizwe Imithelela Enamandla Yomphezulu Womhlaba
Kulokhu, okulandelayo kuyaphinda:
- Amaslayidi aphansi: Iwumqhele wezitshalo, ngokuvamile ngenxa yesenzo semvula, esishintsha ngokuphelele ukwakheka kwazo.
- Goqa: Lokhu kubangelwa ukudilika kwenhlabathi noma ukuwa kwezakhiwo.
- Ukwehla kwenani: Ziyimpendulo kumaslayidi ezingqimba zeqhwa eziqukethwe emthambekeni, ezingase zihudule ungqimba lwemifino lapho liphumule khona.
Izinhlekelele Ezikhiqizwe I-Meteorological Phenomena
Kulesi sigaba, ezijwayelekile yilezi:
- Isikhukhula: Ukonakala okuqhubekayo kwamanzi emifuleni nasemachibini, ngenxa yokunqwabelana kwawo ngemva kwezulu elinamandla. Lokhu kungavela futhi ekuqhekekeni kwedamu elenziwe umuntu.
- Isomiso: Lokhu ukuntuleka komswakama ezinhlobonhlobo Izinhlobo zenhlabathi, okungukuthi, ikhiqizwa ukushoda kwemvula emkhathini.
- Iziphepho: Akhiqizwa ngemva kokuhlanganiswa kokubili komoya obandayo noshisayo nonomswakama, lapho ezibandayo zivela olwandle lwasePacific noma lwe-Atlantic.
- Iziphepho: Lokhu kwenzeka ngemva kokuphuma kukagesi okuvela emkhathini.
- Isichotho: Kulapho amathonsi emvula asesimweni esiqinile efika emhlabeni ngemva kokuna.
- Iziphepho: Ihambisana nemimoya ehamba ngendlela ezungezayo ngesivinini esikhulu kakhulu.
I-Biological Origin Disasters
Lokhu kudalwa yilokhu okulandelayo:
- Ubhubhane: Ukusabalala kwesifo esithathelwanayo, esithinta impilo yabantu ngendlela enkulu esidala ukufa kwabantu abaningi.
- Izinambuzane: Lezi ziza ngemva kokutshalwa kwezilwane eziyingozi.
- Izifo eziwumshayabhuqe: Ukusabalala kwesifo esithathelwanayo ngendlela yendawo.
Izibonelo Zezenzakalo Zemvelo
Ukufuduka Kwezilwane
Ukufuduka kwezilwane kuyindlela yokusabela ezimweni zemvelo zemvelo . Kwenzeka ngokuhamba kwezilwane ukusuka kwenye indawo kuya kwenye, ukushintsha indawo yazo yokuhlala nokuzakhela endaweni entsha. Lokhu kwenzeka isikhathi esithile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibanga elihanjiwe lingakanani. Kwenzeka ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa izilwane zasemoyeni, zasemhlabeni, nezasemanzini.
Isizathu esidala singaba ngezinhlobo ezahlukene, njengokufuna ukudla, ukushintsha kwezinkathi zonyaka, ukukhwelana, phakathi kokunye. Phakathi kwezilwane ezifudukayo, isibonelo, izimfudu eziluhlaza, i-salmon, izindlovu, amabhubesi olwandle, ama-swallows, ojekamanzi, izimvemvane ze-monarch, izinkonkoni, i-caribou. Izinto eziphilayo ezincane ezifana ne-plankton, phakathi kwezinye.
Ukuvundiswa Kwabantu
Ukuvundiswa komuntu kungenye yezinto eziphilayo ezenzeka njalo. Iqukethe ukuhlangana kwama-gametes abesilisa nabesifazane. Lokhu kuhambisana nokusabela kwesenzo esenziwa ekukhiqizeni ubulili, ngokuhlangana kwesidoda sowesilisa neqanda lowesifazane, lapho kuzokhula khona umuntu omusha. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umuntu omusha uzoba nezakhi zofuzo zabo bobabili abazali.
Izigaba zenyanga
Izigaba zeNyanga zingenye yezenzakalo zezinkanyezi eziqhubekayo esizibona eMhlabeni, ngenxa yezindawo ezahlukahlukene ezidlula kuzo ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kwayo. Lezi zigaba eziyisishiyagalolunye zimi kanje:
INyanga Entsha, Ikwata Yokuqala, Ikwata Yokuqala, Inyanga Yokuqala, Inyanga Egcwele, Inyanga Yokugcina, Ikwata Yokugcina, Ikwata Yokugcina, Inyanga Emnyama.
Ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo
Ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo kuyisimo semvelo se-geological, esibonakala ngokuncibilika kwe-magma, kanye nokukhishwa kwamagesi nokunyakaza komlotha. Lokho kubangelwa noma kukhiqizwa ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa ku-magma nokucindezela kwamagesi aqukethe. Ukukhiqiza ukuqhuma nokuxoshwa kodaka, amagesi nomlotha, okungcolisa imvelo, kucekele phansi yonke into esendleleni yakho futhi kubangele ukufa kwabantu abaningi.
Halo
I-halo yinto yemvelo, lapho kuvezwa khona okukhethekile kokwakheka kwendandatho, okungaba eduze kweNyanga noma eduze neLanga. Lokhu kubangela umphumela wokukhanya, lapho ukhiqizwa izinhlayiya zeqhwa ezimisiwe ongqimbeni umkhathi obizwa ngokuthi i-troposphere.
Lezi zenzakalo zibangela ukugqama kokukhanya, okuholela ezinhlobonhlobo zemibala. Lesi senzakalo, esidalwe yilolu hlobo lwesenzakalo semvelo , sibonwe emazweni afana neRussia, iGreenland, iColombia, iCanada, neMexico, phakathi kwamanye.
Lluvia
Imvula uhlobo lwento yemvelo eyenzeka emoyeni ebangelwa ukujiya komhwamuko wamanzi, okuyingxenye yomjikelezo wamanzi. Ukujiya komhwamuko wamanzi kuvumela amafu ukuba akheke, futhi lapho la mafu esekulungele ngesikhathi somjikelezo, kuba nemvula, okuyilokho esikubonayo nesikuzwayo njengemvula.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imvula inikeza izinzuzo ku-ecosystem, ngoba izitshalo ziyaniselwa, okuholela ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukeni kwazo. Kuyasiza futhi abantu ekuqoqweni kwamanzi okuphuza ukuze bawasebenzise futhi bawasebenzise emisebenzini yansuku zonke. Imvelo ivuselelwe, ikhiqiza umswakama odingekayo, phakathi kokunye.