Wazini ngeNeptune? Kungenzeka ukuthi isiphenduke iplanethi yokugcina esimisweni sonozungezilanga, eyesishiyagalombili, ngemuva kokuthi kufinyelelwe esivumelwaneni sokuthi iPluto kumele iphinde ibekwe njengenye yamaplanethi amancane, kodwa izici ze-neptune Ziningi futhi ziyathakazelisa.
Neptune
Phakathi kwe izici zeNeptune, sizothola ukuthi liyigumbi le Amaplanethi wesistimu yelanga ngevolumu yemethrikhi kodwa eyesishiyagalombili ngokwebanga ukusuka elangeni. Ukuma kwayo okusha kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba namuhla, yonke leyo nto yasezulwini engaphezu kweplanethi, izobizwa ngokuthi yi-trans-Neptunian object noma i-trans-Neptunian celestial body.
Ukwembulwa kweNeptune kwaba yimpumelelo enkulu kusayensi yezinkanyezi yezibalo. Kwakuyisazi sezinkanyezi esingumFulentshi u-Urbain Le Verrier owakwazi ukubala ukuba khona nendawo yeplanethi entsha ngo-1846, konke ngenjongo yokukwazi ukuchaza ukuphambuka okubonwa emzileni weplanethi i-Uranus.
Khona-ke, u-Johann Gottfried wakwazi ukuthola iplanethi esikhuluma ngayo ku-1º ukusuka kuleso sikhundla, okungenzeka futhi yabalwa isazi sezibalo esazalelwa eBrithani uJohn Couch Adams, kodwa, ngeshwa, izazi zezinkanyezi zaseBritish zazinejubane elidingekayo ngesikhathi ukwenza lokho okutholile kwaziwe.
Ukufana ne-Uranus
Mayelana ne ulwazi mayelana Neptune, sizosho ukuthi yagqama ngokuba cishe iwele leplanethi i-Uranus. Le planethi inkulu izikhathi ezingama-57 kunoMhlaba. Manje, ijikeleza ngokushesha okukhulu, kangangokuthi usuku eNeptune luthatha amahora angu-16 nemizuzu engu-7 kuphela, kodwa unyaka kuleyo planethi uthatha cishe iminyaka engu-165 yoMhlaba. Lokhu kwakusho ukuthi kwaze kwaba ngu-2011 lapho iNeptune yaqeda khona ukuzungeza kwayo kokuqala kusukela yatholwa ngo-1846. Ibanga layo eliphakathi ukusuka eLangeni lilinganiselwa ku-4.500 billion km.
Njengase-Uranus, phakathi kwezici zeNeptune ukuthi inomoya owenziwe nge-helium, i-methane ne-hydrogen. Kucatshangelwa ukuthi umnyombo wayo ungase ube namatshe futhi kubukeka sengathi ineqhwa ngaphakathi. Nakuba inomoya obanda kakhulu, le planethi eqhelile ibonisa imimoya enamandla neziphepho ezinamandla kakhulu. I-Voyager 2 probe ikwazile ukuthatha isithombe lapho indawo enomthamo woMhlaba yayingabonwa, eyayibizwa ngokuthi i-Great Dark Spot.
Enye ye izici ze-neptune ukuthi inamazinga okushisa asondela ku-260º ngaphansi kweziro. Inamafu e-methane eyiqhwa, ashintsha ngokushesha okukhulu. Kuyibhola elikhulu leqhwa elakhiwe ubuncane bezindandatho ezi-5 ezimnyama neziwumngcingo, ezithole amagama kaGalle, Le Verrier kanye ne-Adams, kanye namanye amagama amabili abantu ababambisene nokutholwa kweplanethi.
Inezinyanga ezingu-13 ezaziwayo, enkulu kunazo zonke, kanti ezinye ezisele yi-Triton. Lolu uhlobo lomhlaba oluneqhwa, ubukhulu balo bukhulu kunePluto. Kuyisathelayithi ebanda kakhulu, yingakho i-atmosphere yayo elula iba yiqhwa ebusweni bayo.
Enye iplanethi enezinyanga eziningi i-Uranus, enama-27. I-Triton iqukethe inani elikhulu lezintaba-mlilo zeqhwa ezikwazi ukukhafula izintuli zothuli negesi. Enye yezinto ezingavamile ze-Triton ukuthi ihamba ibheke kolunye uhlangothi, okungukuthi, isuka empumalanga iye entshonalanga, izungeze i-Neptune. Imbangela yalokhu kungenzeka ukuthi ibivaleleke ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi ale planethi yokugcina isikhathi eside. Kuzo zonke izinyanga ze-Neptune, i-Triton kuphela eyindilinga futhi ine-radius enkulu kunamakhilomitha angu-1000.
I-Triton inobubanzi obungamakhilomitha angu-2.710 futhi ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, kwaba isathelayithi yokuqala ukutholwa, ezinsukwini eziyi-17 kuphela ngemva kokutholwa kweplanethi. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, i-Triton iyisathelayithi yesikhombisa ngobukhulu esimisweni sonozungezilanga futhi kungenzeka ukuthi phambilini bekuyiplanethi encane eyagcina ithathwe endaweni eyodwa. I-Orbit ezungeza iNeptune.
Elinye lamaqiniso okusekelwe kuwo lo mbono ukuthi i-Triton ukuphela kwenyanga eyaziwayo eyenza ukuhamba kwayo ngokuzungeza iplanethi yayo ibheke kolunye uhlangothi kuleyo planethi ezungeza kuyo.
INereida iyinyanga yesibili yeNeptune eyatholwa, ngo-1949. Kamuva, ngo-1981, uLarisa, okuyinyanga yesithathu, uLarisa, watholakala. Ngenxa yemisebenzi ye-Voyager 2 probe, eyakwazi ukundiza phezu kwe-Neptune ngo-1989, kwaba nokwenzeka ukutholwa amanye amasathelayithi amahlanu. Amanye amasathelayithi atholwe ngezibonakude ezivela eMhlabeni.
Izici ze-Neptune
Isizathu sokuthi kungani iNeptune yaziwa ngokuthi iplanethi enombala ofanayo nowolwandle akukona nje ukuba khona kwengozi. Njengase-Uranus, umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ogqame kakhulu uwumkhiqizo wenani elikhulu le-methane emkhathini wawo.
Uma sikhathalela ukwenza uhlu lwezici zokuqala ze-Neptune, sizothola okulandelayo:
- Ububanzi: 49.572 km
- Isisindo: 1,024 x 1026 kg
- Umthamo: 6,254×1013km3
- Ukuminyana: 1,64kg/m3
Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi izici ze-neptune Kutholakala ukuthi kuyaziwa ukuthi iplanethi ephethe imimoya emangalisayo. Uma ufuna ukuthola imimoya enamandla kuSolar System, kuzomele uqonde eNeptune. Eminingi yale mimoya ivunguza ibheke kolunye uhlangothi nokujikeleza kwayo futhi, eduze nalokho okuye kwabizwa ngokuthi i-Great Dark Spot, imimoya engu-2.000km/h ikaliwe.
Isizinda sikazibuthe seNeptune sitshekile ngamadigri angu-47 futhi iqhele ngamakhilomitha angu-13.500 ukusuka enkabeni yayo. Lolu hlobo lwama-orientation lungase lube ngenxa yokuphuma okuphuma ngaphakathi kwalo kunokutsheka kweplanethi ngokwayo.
Ngaphambilini sikwazile ukukutshela mayelana nokuminyana kwe-Neptune. Nokho, iplanethi eliminyene kunawo wonke esimisweni sonozungezilanga ingeyethu. Ngaleso sizathu, uMhlaba uphezulu ohlwini lwamaplanethi aminyene.
Ilukuluku leplanethi iNeptune
Leso esinye isiqhwaga seqhwa sigcwele izimfihlakalo esifuna ukuxoxa ngazo ngawe kulokhu okuthunyelwe, ngakho sikumema ukuthi uhambe nathi uye endaweni yonke. Okunye kwakho wukuthi kuhlawumbiselwa ukuthi amathonsi emvula eNeptune makhulu ngosayizi, angalingana namabhola ebhola.
Esinye sezici ze-Neptune ukuthi lokhu kungabangelwa ngoba umkhathi wale planethi uqukethe i-methane ephindwe kamashumi amabili kunaleyo ye-Jupiter ne-Saturn. Okunye ukuqagela ukuthi ingaphakathi leNeptune lenziwe ngamadayimane. Umkhathi weNeptune ugubuzelwe yimfihlakalo, kunjalo, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi ingxenye yayo engaphakathi ingaphezulu kakhulu.
Kunombono wokuthi ngaphansi komkhathi we-hydrogen ne-helium, kungatholakala umbhede owuketshezi owakhiwa lezi zakhi namaqhwa ahlukahlukene, futhi ngaphansi kwawo kulandela inkaba eyakhiwe yiqhwa nedwala. Nakuba kungenakwenzeka ukusho ngokuphelele, ingubo kaNeptune ingase igcwele amadayimane amakhulu.
Nakuba esinye sezici ze-Neptune ukuthi iqhele kakhulu eLangeni kune-Uranus futhi ikwazi ukuthola kuphela u-5% wamandla elanga iplanethi iJupiter engakwazi ukuyibamba, ubuso bale planethi, umbala wayo ngokwawo usuka olwandle. , ikwazi ukufinyelela ezingeni lokushisa elifanayo nelase-Uranus.
Imfihlakalo enkulu kunazo zonke ukuthi umkhathi wayo awuzange uyeke ukufudumala eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule, nakuba ngaleso sikhathi iplanethi yayikude neLanga emzileni wayo. I-Mercury iyiplanethi eshisayo, izinga lokushisa layo lehle libe ngaphansi kuka-400º, kodwa ayiyona eshisa kakhulu futhi.
Ibanga elikhulu lapho iNeptune itholakala khona, nakuba iyiplanethi enkulukazi, ayikwazi ukubonwa ngeso lenyama eMhlabeni. Lokho kungase kube isizathu esenza le planethi yayingeke yaziwe yimiphakathi yasendulo. Kungashiwo ukuthi ukwembulwa kwayo kwaba umphumela ukutholakala Uranus.
Amanye amaqiniso engeziwe mayelana ne-Uranus
Lapho izazi zezinkanyezi zikwazi ukuthola iplanethi i-Uranus, zaphawula ukuthi ukuzungeza kwayo kwakunokunyakaza okwakungenakubikezelwa. Yilokho okwabavumela ukuba baqagele ukuthi kungase kube khona indikimba enkulu yasezulwini, etholakala kude kakhulu ne-Uranus, ekwazile ukuthinta umjikelezo wayo ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi.
Iplanethi i-Uranus yatholwa isazi sezinkanyezi uWilliam Herschel ngonyaka ka-1781. Lokhu kutholakala kwabangela ukuxokozela okukhulu phakathi kososayensi futhi kwagqamisa ukuqonda okulinganiselwe kwesimiso sethu sonozungezilanga ngaleso sikhathi.
Ngokushesha izazi zezinkanyezi zaqala ukubuka le planethi entsha nokwenza zonke izinhlobo zezilinganiso ngamapharadigm afanele ukuze zikwazi ukuchaza ukuzungeza kwawo. Ngemva kweminyaka engaba ngu-60, ngaleso sikhathi u-Uranus ekwazile ukuqeda ukuzungeza kwayo kokuqala selokhu atholakala, ososayensi bakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kwakubonakala sengathi ayilandeli imithetho yemishini ye-orbital kanye nokuthi kutholwe ukuchezuka okuncane emzileni wayo okungenancazelo. .
Zonke izinhlobo zokuqagela zazama ukuchaza lokhu kungaboni ngaso linye phakathi kwethiyori nokubhekwa. Ngonyaka ka-1845, cishe ngesikhathi esisodwa kodwa ngaphandle kokuxhumana phakathi kwabo, izazi zezinkanyezi u-Urbain Le Verrier noJohn Couch Adams zaqala ukuhlola umbono wokuthi lokhu kuchezuka kwaba nomsuka wokuba khona kwenye iplanethi eseduze ne-Uranus.
Ngokusobala, bobabili ososayensi bakwazile ukubala ukuthi cishe indawo kufanele ibe yini le planethi entsha, kodwa kwaba kuphela ngenxa yezibalo ezenziwa u-Urbain Le Verrier lapho isazi sezinkanyezi uJohann Gottfried Galle sakwazi ukubona iNeptune okokuqala siseNeptune. I-Observatory yaseBerlin.
Ukutholakala kweNeptune kwakungaqinisekiswa ngonyaka ka-1846 kwase kuba khona impikiswano ngokuthi ubani okufanele abhekwe njengomtholi wayo. I-Royal Society yaseLondon yanikeza i-Urbain Le Verrier indondo yokuhlonishwa ngokutholakala, nakuba izazi zezinkanyezi eziningi nazo zaxhasa umnikelo kaJohn Couch Adams.
Ngakho-ke, ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezingacacile ezingabonwa emzileni we-Uranus, ubukhona kanye nendawo yeplanethi yesishiyagalombili kungatholakala. Lapho bebheka ngesibonakude endaweni lapho, ngokwezibalo, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi kwakungase kutholakale enye iplanethi, bakwazi ngempela ukuthola iNeptune.
Igama likaNeptune
Iplanethi iNeptune yethiwa unkulunkulu wamanzi nolwandle wezinganekwane zamaRoma, ngoba umbala wayo oluhlaza ufana nombala wezilwandle. Ekuqaleni, le planethi yaziwa ngegama elithi Le Verrier, owayengumtholi wayo, kodwa kamuva igama elithi Neptune yilo elamukelwa kakhudlwana, njengoba lalilandela isiko lokunikeza amaplanethi amagama onkulunkulu bezinganekwane zamaRoma. .
Ukubuyela ku izici zeNeptune, Sizothi iwumdondoshiya wegesi ezine ezikhona ohlelweni lwethu sonozungezilanga, okuyiJupiter, iSaturn, i-Uranus neNeptune. Nokho, it has a ukuminyana omkhulu kwenza amandla adonsela phansi ukuthi ubuso bayo has omunye eziqine kakhulu of the amaplanethi esimiso sonozungezilanga, okungokwesibili ngemva kwamandla adonsela phansi kuJupiter.
INeptune, enobubanzi obuyisilinganiso samakhilomitha angu-49.528, incane kancane kune-Uranus, enobubanzi obungamakhilomitha angu-51,118. Lawa maplanethi amabili athathwa njengemidondoshiya eneqhwa, ngenxa yokwakheka kwawo, okuhlanganisa iqhwa elenziwe ngezinto ezahlukene.
ubukhulu be-neptune
Nakuba yaziwa nangokuthi i-gas giant, igama elithi ice giant yilona okufanele lisetshenziswe ukulihlukanisa neziqhwaga ezimbili ezinkulu zegesi ezitholakala phakathi kweziqhwaga zeqhwa. Ilukuluku leSolar System, okuyiJupiter neSaturn. Incazelo ukuthi iJupiter neSaturn empeleni zingama-90% e-hydrogen ne-helium, kodwa i-Uranus neNeptune angama-20% kuphela e-hydrogen ne-helium. Yilo mehluko ovumela ukwenza umehluko phakathi kwama-gas giants nama-ice giants.
Njengoba iziqhwaga zegesi zenza, iNeptune izungeza ngokushesha okukhulu ku-axis yayo, iqedela uguquko olugcwele emahoreni ayi-16, njengoba sesibonisile kakade. Ngenxa yemvelo yegesi yezendlalelo zayo ezingaphandle, i-Neptune ayinaso isivinini sokuzungeza kuma-latitudes ahlukene. Eqinisweni, izindawo zayo zenkabazwe zingathatha amahora angu-18 ukuqedela uguquko oluphelele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-axis yayo yokuzungeza itshekile kancane, njengoba kwenzeka ngoMhlaba. Endabeni yoMhlaba siyazi ukuthi i-engeli yokuthambekela ingu-23.5 ° kanti eNeptune ingu-28.3 °. Lokhu kuthambekela yikho okudala izinkathi zonyaka, ngoba kwenza imisebe yelanga ifike ngezindlela ezihlukene, kuye ngokuthi isikhathi sonyaka.
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi lide ibanga phakathi kweLanga neNeptune, yingakho imisebe yeLanga ekwaziyo ukufika eNeptune ibuthaka kakhulu. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, izinguquko zonyaka zingabonwa emkhathini wayo. Kodwa, njengoba iNeptune ithatha iminyaka engu-165 ukuzungeza iLanga, izinkathi zonyaka eNeptune zihlala isikhathi eside kunaseMhlabeni. Eqinisweni, inkathi ngayinye ingahlala iminyaka engaba ngu-40.
okukodwa kwe izici ze-neptune Okungaziwa kancane ukuthi inesimiso sendandatho, esibuthakathaka kakhulu, yebo, kunendandatho eyaziwayo yeSaturn. Okungenani amaringi e-Neptune angu-5 ayaziwa, ngayinye ine-amplitude ehluka phakathi kwamakhilomitha ayi-100 kanye ne-1000.