Enye yezinto eziphambili Izici Zomhlume, iwukusiza ukunqanda ukuwohloka kwenhlabathi, ukuyihlanganisa nokuvimbela ukugcinwa kwenhlabathi emabhishi. Futhi, vikela izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo nezilwane. Thola okwengeziwe lapha.
Izici Zomhlume
Ngaphambi kokuthola izici zomhlume, kubalulekile ukuhlolisisa ukuthi yini yini umhlume. Ngalo mqondo, ihambisana nendawo, i-ecosystem noma indawo yokuhlala eyakhiwe okunye Izinhlobo zezihlahla ethize kakhulu. Njengezihlahla, ezijwayele ngokugcwele, eziguqulelwe noma ezijwayele ukukhula endaweni ye-intertidal. Ezindaweni ezihlobene nogu lolwandle olushisayo, kanye nezindawo ezishisayo.
Imihlume yakhiwe inhlanganisela yamanzi olwandle, amanzi emifula ahlanzekile, nomhlabathi. Yilokhu okubahlinzekayo ukuze bazibonele futhi banikeze ukuhlukahluka okumakiwe. Ngoba amanani kanye nezigameko ziyahlukahluka phakathi kokukodwa nokunye. Njengaphakathi komhlume ofanayo, ukuguqulwa, ukuguqulwa noma okuhlukile kungabonwa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uphenyo lunikeze idatha ethola ukuthi uma umhlume unomthelela omkhulu wamanzi omfula amasha. Ibhekana nokwanda okuphawulekayo, ukukhula nokuziphendukela kwemvelo, uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abangenakho okulinganayo. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo zikhula ogwini, kuyilapho ezinye izinhlobo zikwenza endaweni emaphakathi. Kuhluka kanje, kuze kube indawo yomhlume isimboziwe.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umhlume ubonakala ngokuba ngomunye wemiphakathi ethela kakhulu, evundile, enenzuzo, enenzuzo futhi ewusizo yemvelo. Ngoba isiza noma isiza ekuphakeleni, ukuzala futhi ivikela inani elinamandla lezinyoni nezinhlobo zasemanzini.
Lezi zinokuvumelana okume mpo okulula kakhulu. Yakhiwe izinga eliphezulu lezihlahla nezimila ezinyaweni ezakhiwe izihlahla, amakhambi kanye nezihlahla. Isebenza njengendawo yokuhlala yezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane. Ngakho ukuba nesethi, eqokomisa izici ezilandelayo zomhlume:
Izimpawu zeMangrove okubhekiselwe kuzo isakhiwo plant
Isakhiwo sesitshalo esinikezwe igama lomhlume, sinokuma okuqondile noma ukwakheka, asitholakali, asiphelele noma sithuthuke kancane. Njengokuvamile ukuthi kukhona ungqimba olulodwa lwezihlahla. Ezinobude obuvame ukuhluka phakathi kobubanzi obusuka kumamitha ayi-7 kuye kubukhulu obungamamitha angama-40.
Ukuhlangabezana nabanye, ukuthi izici zomhlume, izobuswa ngokwezinhlobo zezilwane, kanye nendawo noma indawo. Ukwakheka okuthile noma isici noma ukudalwa kwalolu ungqimba oluhlobene nezihlahla kuyahluka kusukela ogwini. Ngokuqonda kwendawo yangaphakathi, kanye naphakathi kwezindawo, izindawo noma izifunda zomunye nomunye.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi okungavamile kwaleyo mihlume enezigameko zokushintsha kwamagagasi aphezulu. Okuholela emalini engenile emfuleni yamanzi ahlanzekile ukuthi ivame ukuba banzi noma ibe mikhudlwana. Njengezihlahla ezinde, uma kuqhathaniswa nalezo ezingayiboni.
utshani
I-undergrowth ingeyesakhiwo semifino, kucabangela ukuthi ihambisana nongqimba lwezitshalo olwakhiwe izitshalo nezihlahla. Lokho kumila engxenyeni engezansi yezihlahla, okungukuthi, phansi nasezindaweni ezizungezile. Okuthi, enye yezimpawu zomhlume ukuthi umhluzi uhlangabezana nokwehluka okuphelele noma umehluko. Kusukela ogwini, ohlangothini lwengxenye yangaphakathi yalo.
Uma sibhalisa lokho, ngeke kube nalolu ngqimba lwezitshalo, endaweni engaselugwini lomhlume. Okukhona kuzo izinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala olwandle. Lapho lapho usuka ogwini, ungqimba olunciphile lwamakhambi luzokwaziswa, kanye nezihlahla.
Ekuqaleni, isihlahla esingaphansi sibonakala singajwayelekile, sinezingxenye ezihlukene kakhulu kunokujwayelekile futhi ezingahlangani noma ezingaqhubeki. Lapho-ke, ukuthi kuthatha ukugxila okukhulayo nokubalulekile.
I-Epiphytism kanye nokukhuphuka
Kokubili i-epiphytism nokukhuphuka kungokwesakhiwo sezitshalo zomhlume. I-epiphyte ibonakala ngokuba yizitshalo ezikhona endaweni umhlume ecosystem, ezihlala kwesinye isitshalo ngaphandle kokuzondla ngezindleko zaso. Njengesibonelo salokhu, ama-bromeliads. Ngokuqondene nokukhuphuka, njengoba negama lakho libonisa, libhekisela kulezo zitshalo ezinobungqabavu bokukhuphuka noma ukugibela. Njengoba zikhula, zithatha njengokusekela izihlahla ezikhona kuwo.
Izimpawu zomhlume okukhulunywe ngazo Imvamisa
Umhlabathi uhambelana nenye ye izici zomhlume, okuyisisekelo noma inhlabathi engaphansi komhlume, okuyindawo lapho uthuthuka khona ngokukhula nokuthuthuka. Ukuthola uguquko, ukuguquguquka noma ukuguqulwa kusuka kulokho okubhekwa njengogu kuye ngaphakathi.
Iphinde ibe nokuthi izinhlobo zezitshalo ezizokhula ogwini, zizongena ezimpandeni zazo ziye phansi lapho kutholakala khona amanzi olwandle. Indawo lapho bezobamba khona, babambe futhi babambe. Ukwakheka kwephansi lolwandle kubonakala ngokuba yingxube yesihlabathi nodaka. Icwiliswe emanzini anosawoti omningi futhi kanye nawo nokuqukethwe komoyampilo okuphansi kakhulu.
Ngokuqaphela lokho, lapho lezi zilwane ziqhelelana nogu, yilapho amanzi encipha khona usawoti omningi futhi kuyanda ukugcwala kwawo komoyampilo. Inikela ngokujwayela okukhulu kwebhayoloji yohlobo.
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi ngenxa yesenzo samagagasi, okwenzeka nsuku zonke. Umhlabathi uzoba netafula lamanzi elihlala liphakeme, elenziwa yizikhukhula, kanye nesilinganiso esiphakeme saline.
I-Histosols
I-histosols ihambisana nokujwayelekile kakhulu kwe izinhlobo zomhlabathi ekhona emihlume. Okubalulekile ukuba yinhlabathi enosawoti omningi, okuwumkhiqizo wezinto eziphilayo ezifile ezihlale obala endaweni enomswakama. Okunezinga eliphansi kakhulu lomoya-mpilo, okubangela ukubola sekwephuzile.
Lolu hlobo lwenhlabathi luphinde lube nesenzo sokuthi luhlale lugcwele amanzi amagagasi uma lukhuphuka, yiso lesi sikhathi kuphela. Le nqubo ibizwa nge-histosol tidalic subtype. Ngenxa yokuphumula, ayimbozwa ngamanzi, okuyilapho igagasi libhekwa njengeliphansi eliphakathi.
Kulokhu, i-subtype yenhlabathi ye-histosol nayo ifakwe, ebizwa ngokuthi i-sapric, ebhekisela ekuboleni okuphelele kwenhlabathi ephilayo. Okubalulekile ngakho ukwenza ukuqashelwa noma ukuzimisela kwezingxenye okufanele zibe zezitshalo.
I-Physiography
I-Physiography, ebhekisela ku-geography ebonakalayo. Ingenye ye izici zomhlume, okuchaza ukuthi ziyavela ekudalweni nasekuthuthukisweni, ezindaweni ezisogwini. Ukuthi zitholakala ziyingcosana noma zingavezwanga kahle ezenzweni zamagagasi olwandle.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kulinganiselwa ukuthi phakathi kuka-60% no-75% wogu lutholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo noma ezindaweni zomhlaba. Ahlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwemihlume. Izibonelo zalokhu yilezi:
- ama-gulfs
- UDeltas
- Emilanjeni
- ama-inlets
- Izigu zivikelekile, zigcinwe noma zigadwe amakhorali noma izithiyo zeziqhingi, phakathi kokunye.
Umthelela we-Anthropic
Umthelela we-anthropic ngaphakathi kwalokho okuhlanganisa izici zomhlume, ingesinye esibhekisela esenzakalweni lapho umuntu elawula indawo ezungezile. Ukwenza izinguquko noma izinguquko eziholela ekukhuleni kokungaqini kwe-ecosystem.
Ukukhumbula ukuthi umuntu naye ukhiqize izinguquko zakhe kulokhu, eqhuba ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ngenhloso yokuphuma noma ukulungisa ugu ukuze enze imisebenzi yakhe ehlukene. Lapho okuvame kakhulu, okujwayelekile noma okuvelele kukhona:
- Ingqalasizinda yezivakashi.
- I-Aquaculture.
- Izimboni.
- Izindlela zokusiza ukungena olwandle.
- Ukwakhiwa kwe-Dike.
- Imigwaqo emikhulu, phakathi kwabanye.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, iphinde ithinte i-ecosystem ngaleso sikhathi isebenzisa ama-herbicides noma ukuchithwa kwezinto ezihlukahlukene eziphuma kuwoyela.
I-Ecology, enye yezimpawu eziyinhloko zemihlume
I-Ecology imele esinye sezici eziyinhloko zemihlume, ehlanganisa lezi zinto ezilandelayo, okuyizi:
I-Mangrove System - Marine Grassland - Coral Reef
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imihlume iyingqayizivele yokukhiqiza, ukuhlinzeka noma ukusiza inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo. Okulondolozwe noma okuqukethwe yizimpande ezitholakala ngemuva. Ezinemisebenzi phakathi eminingi, inhloso yokunganyakazi, ukulevelisa noma ukunxephezela inzika ecolekile engaphansi kolwandle.
Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, kufanele bakhe indawo noma indawo yokunciphisa amagagasi noma ukuncishiswa. Ngezindawo ezingashoni, nazo ezinesizinda sokulungisa noma ukulinganisa izinga likasawoti. Ngenxa yokungena kuwo amanzi ahlanzekile omfula.
Ukugcizelela ukuthi wonke lo mnikelo yiwona ovumela, osiza noma osekela ukuvela nokukhula kwezimfunda zotshani obungaphansi kwamanzi. Njengesibonelo salezi, izinhlobo ezaziwa ngegama lesayensi le-Thalassia testudinum.
Ezibonakala ngokuhlinzeka noma ukusiza ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlanzi, kanye nokukhonza njengokudla kwezingane zabo ezincane. Kanye nezinto eziphilayo ezakhiwe yizixhobo zamakhorali eziseduze nexhaphozi lomhlume.
Isiphephelo Sasolwandle
Ngaphakathi kwe-ecology, ejwayelekile ye izici zomhlume, iwukuziphatha, ukwakha noma ukwakhiwa njengendawo yokuphephela olwandle. Ngesizathu sokuthi yakha indawo noma indawo efanelekile ukuze izinhlobo zezilwane zizalane, zizivikele, futhi zidle ngokuhlukahluka okuphelele okukhona.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi izixhobo zamakhorali zigqama ngokuba yindawo lapho kungena khona izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlanzi. Ukuze bazuze ukuzala kwabo futhi bathole ukusekelwa kokudla kanye nendawo yokukhosela edingekayo yenzalo yabo. Yingakho izixhobo ezitholakala ezindaweni zomhlume zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ama-marine nurseries".
Amagagasi
Amagagasi ngezigameko zawo ezibalulekile, akha ingxenye efanele ngaphakathi kwe izici zomhlume. Ngoba yizona ezilula, ezivuna futhi zivumela ukuhamba kwemisoco ekhona olwandle. Kanye nokuhlakazeka kwezithombo, okuyizitshalo ezincane ezisanda kuvela embhedeni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, bavimbela noma bacindezele noma yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezingosomathuba ezikhula njengezitha kulezi ezikhona ukuthi zingatholakali endaweni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-tides, ahlinzeka ngokukhuphuka kanye ne-counter current ehambisa amanzi olwandle. Ukuthi izinga likasawoti liyancipha ezindaweni lapho ukuhwamuka okuphezulu kubonakala khona.
Okwenziwayo, ngoba ngesikhathi lapho amanzi embhedeni ehwamuka, kubangela ukuthi usawoti ugxile kuwo. Nokho, lapho igagasi likhuphuka, amanzi nokunyakaza kwawo abuyisela wonke usawoti oqukethwe olwandle.
Usawoti
Usawoti yisici esiyingqayizivele esinokuhlukahluka ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, phakathi kwazo okuyizehlakalo zesikhathi sonyaka. Njengoba kuba, isibonelo, ukufika ebusika, okuyinto ngokusebenzisa Amanzi emvula, kuletha ukuthi ukugxila kuthanda ukwehla ngokuphawulekayo. Ngenkathi kuyisikhathi sasehlobo nesomiso sifika, sikhuphuka ngezilinganiso ezinkulu kakhulu.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi usawoti, emanzini olwandle angena nasenhlabathini, busebenza njengento ewujuqu ngokuphathelene nokongiwa nendawo ezungezile yomhlume. Ukhumbula ukuthi uma umfula unamanzi amaningi ahlanzekile, usawoti wawo uzokwehla.
umhlume
Isihlahla somhlume siwuhlobo lwe-arboreal oluguqukayo futhi lukhule ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo. Itholakala ngasogwini, kanye nasemifuleni nasezindaweni zemifula. Zibonakala ngokugcina ingxenye yesiqu sazo kanye nezimpande ngaphansi kwamanzi anosawoti.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi igama elithi "umhlume" lizalwa noma livela ezwini lomdabu "Guaraní". Okushiwo igama elithi "Isihlahla Esigwegwile". Lezi zinobungqabavu bokuthuthuka ezimweni ezinosawoti oqinile, kanye naphakathi kodaka, amatshe amakhorali, isihlabathi, i-carbon ye-fossil evela ezinsalela zemifino kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu.
Izithelo zayo zihluma esimweni sesithelo, okuyinto eyaziwa ngokuthi i-viviparity. Ukuba khethekile kokuntanta emanzini baze bafike lapho okumele bathuthuke khona.
Izinhlobo Zomhlume
Phakathi kwe izici zomhlume, isakhiwo semifino esihlanganisa izihlahla sitholakala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinhlobo zomhlume zihlobene nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezihlahla ezihlanganisayo, kanti lezi ezilandelayo ziyizona eziyinhloko:
umhlume omhlophe
Umhlume omhlophe noma ngokwesayensi i-"Laguncularia racemosa" uhlobo lwesihlahla esikhula njengesihlahla, ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-12 kuya kwayi-18. Izimpande zabo zingaba i-tabular yokusekela, njengomoya obizwa ngokuthi i-pneumatophores. Imbewu yesitshalo sakho iqhuma ngenkathi isesithelweni, esibizwa ngokuthi i-viviparity. Itholakala emihlumeni enamaxhaphozi, enendawo yayo ogwini lwasePacific nase-Atlantic. Ngokuvumelana nalokho iyashintsha futhi ikhule ezindaweni ezisogwini:
- amatheku
- Lagos
- amachweba
umhlume obomvu
Umhlume obomvu, owaziwa nangokuthi ngaphansi kwegama lesayensi elithi “Rhizhophora Mangle”, uwuhlobo olutholakala ezindaweni ezigcwele amanzi kakhulu endaweni yomhlume, kanye nezindawo ezihlangana namagagasi. Ukwazi ukuthi le ndawo iyona ephakathi kwamagagasi aphezulu kanye namagagasi amancane. Lokhu kubonakala ngokuba yiyona ekwazi ukujwayela usawoti omningi.
Ukuphakama ifinyelela ububanzi kusuka 4 kuya 10 amamitha. Izimpande zesihlahla sakho zisemoyeni. Njengomhlume omhlophe, imbewu yesitshalo sawo iqhuma endaweni yezithelo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lesi sihlahla singesinye sezifanekiselo zeBolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Ukhuni olunikezayo lunemisebenzi eminingi, lubhekwa njengekhwalithi enhle kakhulu.
umhlume omnyama
Lolu hlobo lomhlume omnyama, ngokwesayensi olubizwa ngokuthi “Avicennia Germinans”, luyashintsha futhi lukhule ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo eMelika. Kokubili ogwini lwasePacific kanye nogu lwe-Atlantic. Ngokufanayo ogwini lwe-Atlantic oluhlobene ne-tropical Africa. Ubude besihlahla sawo buhluka phakathi kwamamitha amathathu kuya kwayi-3.
Izimpande zawo zisemoyeni futhi zibizwa ngokuthi ama-pneumatophores, zikwazi ukuphefumula noma zingaphansi kwamanzi. Ivame ukumila phakathi komhlume obomvu kanye nomhlume omhlophe. Ngakho kuvamile ukubona izinhlobo ezintathu zomhlume owodwa. Ukhuni lwawo lubonakala ngokuba lunzima kakhulu, luqinile futhi luqinile, lusetshenziswa njengemishayo, izigxobo ngisho nezinqwaba.
Umhlume Ompunga
Uhlobo lomhlume ompunga, obuye ubizwe ngokuthi i-jeli mangrove, ngokwesayensi luhlonzwe ngegama elithi "Conocarpus erectus". Ibonakala ngokuguquka nokukhula ogwini lwezindawo ezishisayo nezishisayo. Izihlahla zayo ziyilokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-multi-trunk, enobude obuphakathi kwamamitha angu-1 no-4.
Sikhumbula ukuthi lapho siba isihlahla, singakhula ngokumangazayo sifinyelele kumamitha angu-20 ubude nobubanzi besiqu saso esiguquguquka kalula ngemitha elilodwa. Umbala wayo uwela phakathi kokumpunga nokunsundu.
Isimo Sezulu, esinye sezici ezinhle kakhulu zemihlume
Isimo sezulu se-mangrove biome senza esingcono kakhulu izici zomhlume, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi yakha inzuzo enamandla. Lokhu kubonakala ngokuba nesimo sezulu esishisayo kulo lonke. Nokho, ngokwenkathi yonyaka, izinga lokushisa liyehla kancane, kodwa alilokothi libanda kanjalo. Lapha kunezinkathi ezomile nezinezimvula kuphela.
Phakathi kwe izici zesimo sezulu Njengoba ikhona ku-biome yomhlume, ivamise ukufudumala futhi ihluka phakathi kuka-20°C no-28°C. Ngama-maximus angafinyelela ku-37 ° C ngisho no-48 ° C, okuzoxhomeka ngokukhethekile endaweni lapho umhlume utholakala khona kanye nezinga eliphezulu lelanga.
Izilwane Nezitshalo Zomhlume
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ezikhona kule ndawo zibanzi kakhulu. Izilwane zayo zakhiwe izinambuzane, izinyoni, izilwane ezihlala emanzini, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izilwane ezincelisayo, izinhlanzi, ama-crustaceans kanye nama-molluscs. Kuvamile ukuthi izinambuzane zibhuze, izicabucabu, ofezela nezintuthwane zizulazule, noma imisundu ifune indawo emanzi kakhulu. Ukuthi izibankwa zehla zenyuka phakathi kwamagatsha noma ukuthi izinyoka zishibilika kuyamangaza kunoyedwa ophumule.
Amaxoxo angabathandi bendawo abathembekile, azibeka phakathi kwamaqabunga namagxolo. Ngenkathi izingwenya zilinde izinyoni ezinjengama-seagull noma izindwandwe, phakathi kwezinye eziningi, noma izinkawu ezingawela emanzini. Ukuthi kuhlale kukhona oshibilika emagatsheni. Le ndawo futhi iyindawo yokuhlala yezimfudu, amabhubesi olwandle kanye nezinhlobo ezingapheli, okwenza lokhu kube ukukhiqiza kakhulu kwemvelo, kokubili komhlaba kanye nasemanzini.
Mayelana nezitshalo, izihlahla zomhlume ziyashintshashintsha futhi zikhule endaweni enodaka, isakhiwo sazo sezitshalo sakhiwe izinhlobo zomhlume ezichazwe ngenhla, okuyilezi:
- I-Laguncularia Racemosa noma Umhlume Omhlophe
- I-Rhizhophora Mangrove noma Umhlume Obomvu
- I-Avicennia Germinans noma i-Black Mangrove
- I-Conocarpus erectus noma i-Grey Mangrove
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, izimfunda zayo ezibanzi ezingaphansi kwamanzi zitholakala, ikakhulukazi ezakhiwe yiThalassia testudinum, phakathi kwezinye.
Usizo Lomhlume
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-ecosystem yamanje, njengenye ye izici zomhlume kuzuzisa ngokuphawulekayo futhi kuyakhiqiza. Lapho futhi yakhiwe njengendawo ekahle lapho izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ziphephela khona noma zifinyelele ukuzala. Ukuzibeka njengendawo engcono kakhulu yokuzalanisa izinhlobo zezilwane.
Kubantu, kuseyindlela enenzuzo ngokuphelele, ngoba ngayo, bayakwazi ukuthola izinsiza ezingapheli. Okulandelayo kugqama phakathi kwazo:
- Ukhuni lwaso lubaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yokuqina kwalo okwedlulele, ukuqina kwalo futhi lumelana ngokungenakulinganiswa nokuhlasela kwezinambuzane. Ifunwa kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwezikebhe, njengezingxenye ezibalulekile zezindlu, ukuze kukhishwe i-pulp yayo, phakathi kokunye.
- Kuvamile ukuthi ngezikhathi zesomiso lapho kungabi khona izikhukhula, izindawo zabo zibe amadlelo emfuyo.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezinkuni zawo ekukhiqizeni izinkuni zokubasa namalahle kusezingeni eliphezulu, ikakhulukazi umhlume obomvu.
- Amaqabunga amagatsha awo alungele ukufulela izindlu zemiphakathi ngenxa yomthamo wawo ophezulu wokuvimbela amanzi kanye negalelo lokusha.
- Kule ndawo, kuqoqwa inqwaba yezinhlanzi, izinkalankala, izimfanzi, iminenke, izinkalankala, ama-clams, ama-prawn, ama-oyster.
Ukubaluleka Kwemihlume
Ama-mangrove ecosystem akhiwa njengendawo ebaluleke kakhulu ngoba:
- Banamandla angenakunqotshwa okugcina inzika, futhi basebenza njengesithiyo ngokumelene nemfucumfucu enobuthi.
- Ama-desalinators amahle kakhulu.
- Banciphisa imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ngethonya eliphawulekayo lokumunca ingxenye enkulu yamagesi abamba ukushisa.
- Ziwumthombo wokunikezwa kwezinto eziphilayo.
- Bahlinzeka ngezinsiza emiphakathini yasemakhaya.
- Balinganisela isimo sezulu sendawo.
- Bavikela izindawo ezisogwini ekuhlaseleni komoya, njengoba nje becindezela ukufika kwesihlabathi ogwini.
- Ziyizindawo ezivelele zokuzalanisa, ukuzalanisa kanye nezindawo zokukhosela zezilwane.
- Bavikela imiphakathi ehlala ogwini ekukhukhuleni, njengoba nje besebenza njengesithiyo ngokumelene nemimoya enamandla kanye neziphepho.
Izinkinga Ezithinta Izimpawu Zomhlume
Izinkinga eziyinhloko zemvelo ezithinta i izici zomhlume Yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi awo, kanye nezigameko zenani elikhulu lemfucumfucu enobuthi, elichitheka kuwo futhi liyawayeka.
- Ukuvakasha ngokweqile, okungakuvumeli ukuthuthukiswa okuvamile kwe-ecosystem.
- Ukuhlasela okukhulu kwezindawo zabo ngezinhloso ezehlukene ezingezona ezemvelo.
- Ukufudumala kwembulunga okunganqandeki, okuthinta i-ecosystem yonkana.
- Isidingo esingakhethi semithombo yayo yemvelo ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene.
Isibonelo Semihlume Yomhlaba
Okulandelayo yizibonelo zemihlume emhlabeni:
- I-Everglades National Park, etholakala eNyakatho Melika, ikakhulukazi eFlorida, e-United States of America.
- Iziqhingi zaseGalapagos, ezisogwini lwase-Ecuador, zakha ibhuloho eliqhakaza kakhulu phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili zomhlaba, iNorthern Hemisphere kanye neSouthern Hemisphere.
- I-Sundarbans National Park e-India, eduze kweHlathi laseSundarbans e-Bangladesh. Bakha ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokukhula komunye wezihlahla zomhlume ezinkulu ezixhunywe emhlabeni wonke, ezimangalisayo. Izimbali nezilwane.
- Isiqhingi sase-New Guinea, esise-Oceania, singesesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni.
