Izihlahla zibhekwa njengendalo emangalisayo etholakala emhlabeni wonke, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo, imibala, izimo, izinhlobo, kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kokuphila, sazise konke okuhlobene nezihlahla.
izihlahla
Izihlahla zihambisana nesitshalo esinesiqu esiwugqinsi esinamagatsha phansi, ngokuvamile ziyizitshalo ezivuthiwe ezifinyelela ukuphakama okukhulu, zingadlula ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili, ngaphezu kwalokho zenziwe ngamagatsha enziwe ngamagatsha. izinto ezibonakalayo ezinokhuni, ezimelela omunye wemithombo eyinhloko yokuphila kweplanethi engumhlaba.
Izihlahla zibonakala kalula, isici sazo esiyinhloko yisiqu sazo eside esinokhuni, esingaba ngu-10 cm ububanzi futhi sinezindebe ezakha umqhele. Njengoba izihlahla zikhula, lo mqhele ungaminyene kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. isihlahla singakha amagatsha esibili, ahlala ehlanganisa amaqabunga.
Izimpawu Zesihlahla
Izihlahla kuthiwa sezineminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-370, kucatshangwa ukuthi cishe kunezihlahla ezivuthiwe ezilinganiselwa ku-3 billion ezitholakala emhlabeni wonke. Zibaluleke kakhulu ngoba zinomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqamba indawo ezungezile futhi zivikela i-ecosystem ekugugulekeni, kodwa isici sazo esiyinhloko sisekukhiqizeni umoya-mpilo nge-photosynthesis futhi ngaleyo ndlela zehlise isikhutha.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ubuhle bayo bemvelo bunesibopho sokuhlobisa indawo yonke, bukhanga kakhulu ikakhulukazi labo abanikeza izithelo, ngaphezu kokukwazi ukusetshenziswa njengempahla eluhlaza ukuze kwakhiwe ngenxa yokhuni olukhiqizwa esiqwini salo, olucatshangelwa. enye yezimpahla ezivikelwe kakhulu izindawo zemvelo emhlabeni.
Izingxenye zesihlahla
Ubukhulu bezihlahla bungahlukahluka, baziwa ngokuthi izihlahla, ezincane kakhulu, zinezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zeziqu, ezibhekwa njengezihlahla kodwa ezincane. Izihlahla zakhiwe izingxenye ezithile ezithile, kodwa zingahlanganiswa zibe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko ezaziwa ngokuthi impande, isiqu kanye nomqhele. Sazise ngezansi ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye imele ini:
Ifa
Ngokwesayensi yezitshalo kubhekwa njengengxenye yokuqala eyakhiwe ngesikhathi sokuhluma kwembewu, lapho ukwakheka kwengxenye kubonakala khona bese kuba impande eyinhloko enezicubu ezivikelayo ekugcineni, lesi sitho sikhula sibheke ngaphakathi kwenhlabathi. Ingabhekwa njengenye yezimbazo eziyinhloko lesi sitshalo esinayo, ayinakho i-chlorophyll futhi inemiqumbe ezihlokweni zezimpande ezakhiwe izinwele ezimuncayo.
Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko uwukukwazi ukumunca inani elikhulu lamanzi namaminerali ngokusebenzisa izinwele ezimuncayo, wathi amanzi aqhutshwa kulo lonke isiqu ngokusebenzisa ubisi kuya kwezinye izingxenye zesihlahla, aguqulwa abe yinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene nge-photosynthesis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zivumela ukunikeza ukuzinza esihlahleni ngokuxhunywa phansi.
Isakhiwo singahluka kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lomuthi, beza ukwethula impande eyinhloko noma izimpande eziningi zesibili eziphonswe komunye nomunye. Olunye uhlobo lwempande yileyo yasemoyeni engabonakala kulezo zihlahla ezimila emaxhaphozini.
Isiqu
Ihambisana nongqimba lwangaphandle lwesihlahla olubuye lwaziwe ngokuthi amagxolo, lwakhiwe ngezinto ezikhuni, lunesibopho sokuvala nokuvikela zonke izinkuni ezingase zibe khona esiqwini, kuthathwa njengendawo esekelayo. umqhele wesihlahla. Ingaveza izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zemibala nogqinsi. Kungabhekwa njengendawo emaphakathi yesihlahla, ethatha kufika ku-10% wesisindo saso sonke.
Uma usikwa ngobude, izindandatho zonyaka ezihlukene ziyabonwa, kubhekwa ukuthi uma ubona izindandatho ezincane ziyizinkomba zokungondleki kahle noma ukukhula okunesikhathi eside, kuyilapho izindandatho ezibanzi zimelela ukuba neminyaka ehlangene yokuchuma; Phakathi nendawo ye-trunk, inhliziyo izobhekwa, okubhekwa njengamaseli afile, futhi maqondana nangaphandle, i-sapwood ehambisana nezindandatho ezicacile ingabonwa.
Cup
Umqhele uhambelana nendawo engenhla yesihlahla, wenziwe ngamagatsha kanye namaqabunga, kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lomuthi ukukhula kwawo kuzoba mpo, futhi kungase kunwetshwe, kube yindilinga. Masizazi izingxenye eziyinhloko zenkomishi:
Amagatsha
Ngokuvamile zivela ekuphakameni okuthile, zibonisa inani lesiqu elivezwe ngokuphelele futhi lingenawo amagatsha. Ngazo zingahlukaniswa njengamagatsha amakhulu akhiwe iqoqo lamaqabunga akha izinkomishi, azoxhomeka ezinhlotsheni ezintathu: ezinde, eziqondile, eziyindilinga noma ezivundlile. Okunye okuvela kuzo, amagatsha esibili noma lawo aziwa ngokuthi abancane.
Ezinye ngokwezinhlobo zazo zenziwe ngemiqumbe namaqabunga; izimbali namagatsha amancane azozalwa efihlekile, lapho amahlumela atholakala khona ezihlokweni zamagatsha nalapho ukukhula kwezimbali namaqabunga kubonakala khona. Angambozwa ngezikali.
Kushiya
Amaqabunga ayingxenye yezithelo eziphuma ezihlahleni, ngazo i-photosynthesis ingenziwa, kubhekwa njengenye yemiphumela eyinhloko abanayo kusukela ekuqaleni ukuthi impande imunca amanzi namaminerali, ithuthwa kulo lonke isiqu. ubisi lapho iqala khona ukusabela kwayo nge-carbon dioxide noshukela. Ngalolu hlobo lokusabela, ukwakheka kwe-cellulose kukhiqizwa, okuhambisana nesimiso esisebenzayo sokhuni.
Amaqabunga enawo ngendlela ephakeme lapho ehlangana khona ne-stomata lapho ephethe khona ukungena ku-carbon dioxide, kuze kube yilapho ekhipha amanzi amaningi kanye nomoya-mpilo. Izingxenye zamaqabunga zibaluleke kakhulu, zihlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko:
- Izinaliti: zinesimo sezinaliti, zibe mncane futhi zilungile impela.
- Squamiformes: beza ukuzokwethula isimo sesikali.
- I-Pinnatifolias: imelela iqabunga leqabunga elakhiwe ngamaqabunga amancane kakhulu.
- Kulula: ishuthekwa ngakunye eshidini ngalinye.
Ihlala kuphi Izihlahla?
Izihlahla zibonakala ngokukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nanoma iyiphi i-ecosystem, ezivumela ukuthi zitholakale kunoma iyiphi indawo yeplanethi, lokhu kuzivumela ukuthi zibe nezinhlobonhlobo zezindawo zokuhlala, ezitholakala ikakhulukazi kuzo zonke izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo ezishisayo. , evelele ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zaseMelika Ephakathi, eNingizimu Melika, e-Afrika nase-Asia; ngokuba amazwekazi agcwele izinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla, ezibonakala ngesimo sezulu esipholile kanye nemvula eningi.
Kunezindawo ezipholile kakhulu futhi ezinezintaba eziphakeme, njengamahlathi aveza izinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ezincane kakhulu, ngenxa yokungabikho kwamanzi okukhulu; endabeni yama-savannah, imelela izindawo ezintula kakhulu amanzi futhi izihlahla ezikulezi zindawo zivamise ukulahla amaqabunga azo ezikhathini ezomile ukuze zonge amanzi, zizigcine ziphila ngamanzi atholakala ngaphakathi kuzo, aze afinyelele ukushuba kakhulu phakathi naleso sigaba. .
Ukukhula kwesihlahla kuhlobene ngokuqinile nezinga lomswakama kanye nezimo ezihlukahlukene zezwe; Isibonelo, ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zezintaba, izihlahla ezinamaqabunga zizokhula futhi ezingxenyeni ezingenhla, izihlahla ze-coniferous (ezimelana nokubanda) zizotholakala. I-degree of humidity ephansi, iyancipha ukukhula kwezihlahla, ngenxa yalesi sizathu kunezindawo ezithile ezinamahlathi amancane nama-specimens angawodwa akhula eduze nemifula.
Kunezimila zemigqa yezihlahla ukukhula kwazo kuzoncika ekuchayekeni elangeni nasemoyeni, okuzibangela ukuba zenze imithambeka yezihlahla zize zivezwe kakhulu.
Bangaki emhlabeni?
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezihlahla kuzoncika ezintweni ezihlukene, kubalwa cishe njengezihlahla eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezi-3 ezakhiwe izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-100.000, okulinganiselwa ku-25% yazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokohlobo lweqabunga, njengalawo alahlekelwa amaqabunga awo ngesikhathi esithile onyakeni.
Ekuqaleni kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, izihlahla ezindala kakhulu eziphila iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-380 edlule ziyagqama. Ngisho nanamuhla, ukuba khona kweziningi zalezi zinhlobo kuyacatshangelwa, ngaleyo ndlela kulondolozwe isihlahla sezihlahla ezindala kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
Kunenqwaba yezihlahla ezihluka ngokwezinhlobo zezihlahla kanye nendawo etholakalayo, ukukhula kwazo kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko, okokuqala i-monopod, enobude obuyi-longitudinal, lapho isiqu sibonakala sibheke phezulu.enze nge amagatsha nama-engeli amakwe kakhulu kodwa anogqinsi oluphansi. Olunye uhlobo lokukhula luyi-sympodic, kulezi zimo amagatsha anesici esikhulu sokuba ne-apex ekugcineni, enezinkomishi eziyindilinga noma ezingaphansi kwephiramidi.
Ziwusizo ngani kuMuntu?
Izihlahla zitholakala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba, ezimboze uqweqwe lomhlaba futhi zivela ngokulandelana noma imindeni ehlukene, ziveza izinhlobo eziningi ezihlukahlukene ezihlukahlukene kuye ngokukhula kwazo. Ukunikeza inhlobonhlobo yezinzuzo esezisetshenziswe iminyaka eminingi, ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kokuphila kuwo wonke umhlaba.
Abantu babonakala ngokufuna ukuzuza ezinhlotsheni zezihlahla ezihlukene, bexhaphaza zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobo zamahlathi, masazise ezinye zezindlela eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa ngazo izihlahla:
Ukuhlobisa
Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezihlahla, ezinye ezinamaqabunga, ezithela izithelo, eziqhakaza izimbali ngisho nezinye ezinemibala ehlukahlukene; ngenxa yalokhu zingasetshenziswa ngokuhlobisa. Kulokhu, iphethe ukuhlakulela isethi yezihlahla ngezinhloso zokuhlobisa; Konke lokhu kungenxa yobuhle obubonakalayo obunikeza izindawo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinemibala ehlukahlukene.
Zivame ukutshalwa, ezethula intuthuko enkulu yezomnotho emphakathini wonke, ezitholakala ezingadini zedolobha, izitshalo nazo zisetshenziswa ngaphakathi emakhaya. Izihlahla zibhekwa njengenye yezinsimbi eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa njengomhlobiso emadolobheni.
Yakha
Umuntu ubelokhu ebonakala ngokufuna inzuzo enkulu kunazo zonke kuyo yonke imithombo yemvelo, ngakho-ke waphendukela ekuxhashazweni kwehlathi ukuze athole izinkuni ezihlahleni, ezimelela enye yengcebo enkulu yomphakathi wethu, okungatholakala kuzo izinhlobonhlobo zezinto zokusetshenziswa ezifana i-cellulose, i-resin, irabha, i-wax, phakathi kokunye, lapho kungenzeka khona ukuthola eminye imikhiqizo ewusizo kakhulu.
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ukubaluleka kwezinkuni kumuntu kuye kwagqanyiswa, kusetshenziselwa ukwanelisa izidingo eziyisisekelo njengokupheka ngezinkuni kanye nokungaqondile namalahle. Ngokuthola izinkuni, ukwakhiwa kwezinto ezibalulekile zansuku zonke njengefenisha, izakhiwo kufinyelelwa, futhi kungenzeka ngisho nokuthola i-pulp esetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yamaphepha.
Umthunzi
Ngenxa yokuma kwezihlahla, amagatsha anamaqabunga kanye nobuningi bamaqabunga, angasetshenziswa njengezinhlobo zokuhlobisa, zibe zokuhlobisa izindlu, izindlu, izingadi, amadolobha kanye nezinye izindawo. Ikakhulukazi lezo zinhlobo ezisebenzela ukunikeza umthunzi, ikakhulukazi lezo zihlahla ezinamahlamvu ezinamahlamvu amaningi.
Isihlahla somlotha sibonakala ngokuba ne-canopy eningi futhi ngaleyo ndlela sinikeza umthunzi ovelele; futhi ama-elms ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obukhulu, akhiqiza umthunzi omnandi kakhulu, asetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa ama-chalets noma uphahla lwendlu; ama-maple anenani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo ezibhekene nokuhlobisa iziza kanye nokungena kwezindlu, ngenxa yamaqabunga awo abanzi kanye nemibala ehlukahlukene; phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo eziningi.
Qeda Indlala
Izihlahla zingaba izihlahla zezithelo ezibonakala ikakhulukazi ngokukhiqiza izithelo ezidliwayo, kubhekwa njenganoma yisiphi isihlahla esikhiqizayo, esikwazi ukoma noma sibe nenyama, ngokuvamile singadliwa abantu. Ukugqamisa ukuthi izihlahla eziningi zezithelo nazo zingakha izimbali ezinemibala ehlukahlukene.
Kusetshenziswa amasu ahlukene ukongiwa kwalolu hlobo lwezihlahla, njenge-horticulture, lapho kwenziwa khona izitshalo ezincane zemifino noma izihlahla ezinikeza uhlobo oluthile lwesithelo. Lolu hlobo lomsebenzi lwenzelwe labo abakhiqiza amantongomane, phakathi kwabo singagqamisa lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo ezaziwa ngokuthi i-orange noma i-mandarin.
Phefumula
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zezihlahla ukwenza izinqubo ezahlukene ze-biochemical ezenza impilo ibe lula kubo bonke abantu emhlabeni, phakathi kwabo i-photosynthesis ingaqokonyiswa, le nqubo yenziwa yizo zonke izitshalo ngenxa ye-Chlorophyll ekhona ezinhlelweni zazo, ihlinzeka umthamo omkhulu womoya-mpilo odingekayo ukuze wenze ezinye izinqubo ezibaluleke kakhulu.
I-Photosynthesis ngokuyisisekelo isekelwe ekumunceni isikhutha (CO2) etholakala emkhathini ukuze kamuva iwucubungule futhi ngaleyo ndlela ikhulule umoya-mpilo, ngokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi, ukulahlekelwa kwezinhlobo eziningi zezihlahla kuye kwenzeka, okuthinta ngokuphawulekayo izinguquko zesimo sezulu ezikhiqizwa kulo lonke iplanethi futhi kuthonya ezinye izinqubo ezinjengokungcola, umphumela we-greenhouse, phakathi kwabanye.
sebenza njengogqozi
Izihlahla zihambisana nokugqugquzela okuyinhloko kwemvelo yobuciko, ngokuba ama-protagonist ezindabeni ezahlukene zakudala, amanoveli kanye nezinganekwane. Zivame ukuba khona emidwebeni ngenxa yemibala yazo ehlukahlukene, ekhuthaza abadwebi bezakhiwo abaningi abagqugquzelwa yibona ukuthi babe yingxenye yemisebenzi yabo.
ukuvimbela ukuguguleka
Ngenxa yokuba khona kwezimo zezulu ezihlukahlukene lapho imisinga yamanzi igcwele khona, imimoya engapheli, ikakhulukazi lezo zindawo ezome kakhulu futhi ezingenalo uhlobo lwezitshalo. Ithinta ukuvunda komhlabathi futhi ibangele ukulahleka kwamaminerali abalulekile nezinto eziphilayo. Ukuba khona kwezihlahla kungabangela izimpande ukuthi zibambelele ukuze zivikele umhlaba ekuchayekeni kuzo zonke izakhi ezilimaza umhlabathi.
Ukukhethwa Kwezihlahla Zezingadi
Izihlahla zinezinhlobonhlobo zezimo ezizohlobana ngokuphelele nokukhula, ukuma kwamaqabunga, amagxolo kanye nezitho zokuzala. Zonke izihlahla ziye zavela ngenxa yazo zonke izinselele zemvelo, lapho eziningi zikhula ezindaweni ezishisayo zesifunda ezinomswakama ophezulu; ngakho-ke ungabona izinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ezikhona ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba.
Kukhona ukuhlukaniswa kwezihlahla ezibalulekile ezingadini nasezindaweni ezivaliwe eduze nedolobha, masizazi ngezansi:
Evergreen
Zihambisana nohlobo lwesihlahla esinamahlamvu aso aphila iminyaka engaphezu kwemibili, eveza amaqabunga anemibala egqamile futhi ahlabayo, futhi angaba isihlahla esiqinile futhi esinesici kakhulu ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene zonyaka, ezinye ezidume kakhulu yilezi ezilandelayo:
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I-Brachichiton
Ihambisana nezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ezitholakala ikakhulukazi e-Australia, phakathi kwezinhlobo zayo ezihlukahlukene i-Brachyton populneus kanye ne-Brachychiton Acerifolius zigqamayo, okuyizihlahla ezimelana nesomiso esiphezulu nesithwathwa esibuthakathaka (-4ºC) kuwuhlobo lwezihlahla ezibonakala kakhulu. emasimini ngokucophelela.
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Icitrus
Ihambisana nezihlahla ezincane ezinobude obungamamitha ayi-6, ezifanele ukuhlobisa izingadi ezincane, ukwethula izithelo ezidliwayo kanye nezimbali ezimhlophe, ezihlobisa kakhulu futhi enye yezinketho eziyinhloko ezithathwa abantu, ngoba zivumelana nazo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo. , ukumelana namazinga okushisa acishe abemaphakathi (-4ºC).
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UFlamboyan
Kubhekwa njengesihlahla esiyigugu esinomqhele onamaqabunga kakhulu futhi sidabuka eMadagascar, singakhula sibe ngamamitha angu-12. Ikhiqiza izimbali ezibomvu nezowolintshi kodwa ngendlela ephawulekayo. Ayinakho ukujwayela zonke izinhlobo zesimo sezulu, kufanele itshalwe ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele namanzi amaningi; Futhi inezimpande ezihlasela kakhulu, ngakho kufanele itshalwe ezindaweni ezikude ukuze kugwenywe izinkinga zezinye izihlahla kanye namapayipi.
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magnolia
Ingenye yezihlahla ezivame kakhulu e-United States, inomumo wepyramidal ofinyelela kumamitha angama-30 ukuphakama. Ukuhlobisa kakhulu kanye nokuba khona kwezimbali ezimhlophe ezibukisayo. Imelana namazinga okushisa abandayo kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ivamise ukugcinwa endaweni enesimo sezulu esipholile.
I-Deciduous
Ziwuhlobo lwesihlahla esilahlekelwa amaqabunga ngesikhathi esithile sonyaka futhi singavuselela amahlamvu ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi ezibandayo njengekwindla nobusika, okuwuhlobo lwesihlahla olufunwa kakhulu ukuze umhlobiso waso ongavamile ukwazi ukutholakala. ukuze kukhanye izingadi, ukwethulwa kwemibala eminingi ehlukahlukene kanye nokuqhathanisa nokuma kwezwe, sazise izihlahla ezivuthuluka ezidume kakhulu.
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Amamephu
Zihambisana neqoqo lezihlahla ezikhula kangcono ezindaweni ezipholile kakhulu, ezifinyelela ubude obungamamitha angamashumi amathathu, ziveza izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu kuzo. Phakathi kwazo kukhona i-Arce palmatum (ibalazwe laseJapane), i-arce pseudoplatanus (ibalazwe likabhanana lamanga), i-arce rubrum (ibalazwe elibomvu), phakathi kwezinye.
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ama-chestnuts amahhashi
Yaziwa ngokuthi i-Aesculus Hippocastanum, isihlahla esinobude obucishe bube ngamamitha angama-30 nomqhele omkhulu wamamitha ayi-7 kuye kwayi-8. Iveza imibala engavamile njengomhlophe, ngaphezu kokunikeza umthunzi omuhle, ayimelani kakhulu nelanga uma lingaphezu kuka-30ºC.
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i-cherry yaseJapane
Yaziwa nangokuthi i-cherry blossom yaseJapane, igama layo lesayensi yi-Prunus Serrulata, ingafinyelela ubude obungamamitha angu-5 kuya kwangu-6. Kuyisihlahla esinesici kakhulu sokwethula izimbali ezinhle entwasahlobo, kuze kube yilapho amagatsha efihlwa ngokuphelele ngenani lezimbali ezivelayo. EJapane, kwenziwa izenzakalo ezikhethekile egameni lokuqhakaza kwalesi sihlahla esihle.
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Haya
Ingenye yezihlahla ezikhula ngendlela engavamile ezwenikazi laseMelika, ifinyelela ubude obungamamitha angama-30 nomqhele wamamitha ayi-10, kuyadingeka ukuyitshala endaweni enomhlaba omningi ukuze ibe nempilo ephelele futhi inhlabathi ene-acidic kancane futhi kufanele ibe nezingozi ezivame kakhulu. Inezinhlobo ezimbili, ovamile onamaqabunga aluhlaza bese owesibili, lawo anezimbali ezinsomi.
I-Trivia Mayelana Nezihlahla
Izihlahla yigama elisetshenziselwa lezo ezinobude obudlula amamitha amabili, ngakho-ke, ziveza inani elikhulu lamagatsha ambozwe ngamaqabunga akhiqiza amahlamvu amaningi futhi abukisayo. Izihlahla zibhekwa njengezinhlobo zemvelo ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, ngokubamba iqhaza ezimeni ezihlukahlukene ze-physicochemical ezondla impilo emhlabeni. Ake sazi ezinye izinto ezithokozisayo mayelana nezihlahla:
Kungani amaqabunga ewa?
Izihlahla zibonakala ngokushintshashintsha njengoba izinkathi zonyaka zishintsha, kwezinye ziba namaqabunga amaningi futhi zibe nemibala ehlobo nezinkathi zasentwasahlobo, kodwa kwezinye izinkathi zonyaka ezifana nobusika zivame ukulahlekelwa wonke amahlamvu awo futhi zingabi namaqabunga awo anemibala. , ngesinye isikhathi singacabanga ukuthi bayafa futhi abanakho nhlobo ukuphila.
Ngokuvamile kulezi zimo, izihlahla kufanele ziphile emazingeni okushisa aqandayo noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, inkathi eyomile kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ikhetha ukungadli amaqabunga, lokhu kwenziwa ngenhloso yokukwazi ukulondoloza inani elikhulu lamandla okungukuthi. ezidingekayo, ukuze zongiwe ngalezo zikhathi zonyaka, uma kwenzeka zingakwenzi lokhu ukongiwa kwamandla zizoba ngaphansi kwengozi yokufa.
Kungani amaqabunga ephenduka Abomvu, Owolintshi noma Aphuzi ekwindla?
Umhlaba uhamba njalo udala izimo zezulu ezehlukene ngenxa yokuba seduze noma ibanga ukuya elangeni, ngenxa yalokhu kuzalwa izinkathi ezahlukene zonyaka, ezithinta kakhulu amazwe ahlukene emhlabeni nangezikhathi ezahlukene zonyaka, kulokhu. , Inkathi yasekwindla kufanele iqokonyiswe, okubhekwa njengesikhathi lapho ilanga liqala ukuba kude, ngakho-ke, amazinga okushisa ehla futhi kuvela imimoya enamandla.
Phakathi nalesi sigaba, siqala ukubona ukuthi amaqabunga ezihlahla ayashintsha, alahlekelwa umbala wawo oluhlaza futhi aphuzi, abomvu kanye ne-orange, ngendlela efanayo, izihlahla ziqala ukulahlekelwa izindawo zazo zamaqabunga. Konke lokhu kungenxa yalezo zitshalo ezine-chlorophyll futhi zenza i-photosynthesis kuso sonke isitshalo, yona imunca imisebe ehlukene yelanga futhi ithande ukwakheka komoyampilo emhlabeni.
Lapho ikwindla ifika, izinsuku zifinyezwa, izinga lokushisa liyehla futhi izakhiwo eziluhlaza zezitshalo ziqala ukulahlekelwa, ngenxa ye-carotenoids ekhona ezitshalweni ezihlinzeka ngemibala ephuzi, ziqala ukunyamalala futhi ngenxa yalokho, amaqabunga athatha umbala obomvu futhi ophuzi. umbala onsundu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuba khona kwamanye ama-compounds afana nama-anthocyanins, abonisa imibala ensomi nebomvu, kuzodala ukuthi kube khona ububanzi obubomvu phakathi nale nkathi.
Benza kanjani i-Photosynthesise?
I-Photosynthesis ingenye yezinqubo zamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo ezenziwa izitshalo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kokuphila emhlabeni. Lapho ivumela amandla okuphefumula umoya-mpilo oyigugu kubo bonke abantu, izitshalo, izilwane. Ngaphandle komoyampilo, akukho obekuyoba khona emhlabeni.
Inqubo ye-photosynthesis iqala nge-chlorophyll lapho inesibopho sokumunca ukukhanya kwelanga kanye ne-carbon dioxide etholakala emoyeni, ingacutshungulwa ngamakhemikhali e-biochemical ngesikhathi esisodwa amanzi amuncwa izimpande kanye nosawoti ohlukene ohanjiswa ubisi kuyo yonke indawo. isiqu kuze kube yilapho iguqulwa ibe ubisi oluningiliziwe. Ngalesi sikhathi, izihlahla zigcina inani elikhulu lezakhamzimba ngakho-ke ukuhlukana kwamaqabunga kwenzeka.
Ayini Amarekhodi Emithi?
Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezihlahla, ezinye zinde kakhulu, zinamaqabunga amaningi noma ezincane kakhulu; Ngokocwaningo olwenziwe, izihlahla ezigqamayo esigabeni sazo zihlukaniswa, ake sizazi ngezansi:
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Ginkgo
Eyaziwa nangokuthi eyakudala kakhulu, ingeyomndeni wakwaGymnosperm futhi ithathwa njengeyodwa yohlobo lwayo oluneminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-270 ubudala. Ukuthandwa kwayo okukhulu kungenxa yokuthi ayikudala kakhulu.
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I-Eucalyptus Regnans
Eyaziwa ngokuthi yinde kunazo zonke, i-eucalyptus ibhekwa njengezihlahla ezikhula kalula futhi ngokushesha, ezifinyelela ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu, kulokhu ivelele ngokufinyelela ubude obungamamitha angu-90.
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I-Pinus longaevo
Kubhekwa njengokuphila isikhathi eside kakhulu, lolu hlobo lwesihlahla lugqama ngokukhula kancane kakhulu futhi lungafinyeleli amasentimitha amaningana kuze kudlule iminyaka embalwa, lokhu kubangelwa isimo sezulu esakhiwe kuso, esibanda kakhulu futhi izinkathi ezinde kakhulu. Ukuyivumela ukuthi ibe nempilo yonke efinyelela eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu.
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I-Baobab
Eyaziwa nangokuthi isihlahla esisaphila, sibonakala ngokukhula ezindaweni ze-savannah, singahamba kancane ekukhuleni kwaso, cishe amasentimitha angu-5 kuya ku-6, okubangelwa imvula encane eyenzeka ngonyaka. Kunezinhlobo ezifinyelele ku-40 metres kanti ngaphakathi zinezindawo zokugcina amanzi.
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umkhiwane ongumhlinzeki
Eyaziwa ngokuthi yimbi kakhulu, ayithathwa njengesihlahla, kodwa ngesikhathi esithile ekukhuleni kwayo ingathathwa njengesinye, kodwa ibonakala ngokuklinya izimpande zezihlahla noma izitshalo eziseduze futhi ikwazi ngisho nokufuna noma yisiphi isitshalo. okungukuthi 12 thousand square metres ukuyiklinya. Izimpande zawo zivame ukugqama futhi zibhekwe futhi zihlonishwe njengaseNdiya lapho imicimbi namaphathi senzeka khona.
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I-Sequoia Enkulu
Ezaziwa ngokuthi zinkulu, ziyizinhlobo ezingafinyelela ubukhulu obungamamitha angu-80, zibe nesiqu esiwugqinsi, ezinye zazo ezineminyaka engu-3200 ubudala.
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I-Bonsai
Kubhekwa njengento encane kunazo zonke, isihlahla esingakhuli ngokwemvelo, kodwa ukudalwa kwabantu, ubukhulu baso abudluli u-40 cm kodwa kunezinhlobo ze-5 cm, yizinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu ezwenikazi lase-Asia.