Ubisi belukhona kuwo wonke umlando wesintu njengokudla okuphelele kakhulu, okubalulekile ekondleni kwezigidi zabantu. Kodwa-ke, ubuwazi ukuthi izinkomo akuzona zodwa eziwumthombo walokhu kudla okubalulekile? Embusweni wezilwane, kunezidalwa eziningi, ezinye ezaziwayo kanti ezinye ezingalindelekile ngempela, ezikhiqiza ubisi noma izinto ezifanayo ukuze zondle amaphuphu azo . Futhi asikhulumi nje ngezilwane ezincelisayo: izinyoni, izinambuzane, ngisho nezinhlanzi ziye zakha izinhlobo zazo zalolu ketshezi olubalulekile, okubonisa ukuthi imvelo ingaba nobuhlakani futhi ihluke kangakanani uma kuziwa ekuvikeleni inzalo yayo.
Namuhla sizohlola umhlaba othakazelisayo wezilwane ezikhiqiza ubisi , sihlole konke kusukela ezintweni ezivamile ekudleni kwethu kuya ezintweni eziphilayo ezimangalisayo ezinamasu azo amangaza abacwaningi nabathandi bemvelo ngokufanayo. Lungela ukuthola inqwaba yamaqiniso athakazelisayo, izindaba ezingaziwa kakhulu, kanye nezici zemvelo ezizokwenza ubone ubisi ngendlela entsha ngokuphelele.
Yiziphi izilwane ezikhiqiza ubisi lwangempela?
Igama elithi "ubisi," uma lisho ngokuqondile, libhekisela oketshezini olunomsoco olukhishwa yizindlala zebele zezilwane ezincelisayo . Eqinisweni, lungenye yezimpawu ezibalulekile zaleli qembu lezilwane. Zonke izilwane ezincelisayo, kusukela ezindlovu ezinkulu kuya kumagundane amancane, zikhiqiza ubisi ukuze zondle amaphuphu azo, futhi kuhlobo ngalunye ukwakheka, ukunambitheka, ubuningi, kanye nenhloso yokudla kuyahlukahluka kakhulu.
Ukukhiqizwa kobisi lwebele kufeza imisebenzi ebalulekile: kunikeza amandla, amaprotheni, amafutha, ushukela, amavithamini, kanye nama-antibodies , kuqinisa amasosha omzimba futhi kuvumela intuthuko enhle ezigabeni zokuqala zokuphila. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuncelisa kuqinisa isibopho esingokomzwelo phakathi kukamama nosana , okubalulekile ekusindeni kwezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane.
Izilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu zobisi emhlabeni
Nakuba sivame ukuhlobanisa ubisi nokudla kwabantu nezinkomo, ezinye izilwane eziningi ezincelisayo ziyimithombo yobisi emasikweni nasezifundeni ezahlukene . Ezinye zibaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho nakwezenhlalo. Ngokusho kwe-FAO kanye nemithombo ehlukahlukene ekhethekile, lezi yizilwane zobisi ezifanele kakhulu:
- Inkomo: Umholi ongenambangi ekukhiqizweni komhlaba, unikela cishe ngama-83% obisi oluphelele emhlabeni. Inkomo ingakhiqiza amalitha aphakathi kuka-10 no-40 ngosuku, ngamafutha namaprotheni alinganiselwa ku-3-4%. Ubisi lwenkomo yilona olusetshenziswa kakhulu futhi luyisisekelo sokuphuma okuningi okufana noshizi namayogathi.
- Imbuzi: Kudume kakhulu ezindaweni ezinezindawo ezinzima. Ubisi lwakho, ecebile ngemisoco kanye namafutha angu-4-5%., iyaziswa ngokugayeka kwawo kanye nokuba yisisekelo soshizi abayizifanekiselo. Imbuzi ejwayelekile ikhiqiza amalitha aphakathi kuka-2 no-5 ngosuku.
- Izimvu: Ibalulekile ekukhiqizweni koshizi abane-flavour eqinile kanye nokhilimu ophakeme. Ubisi lwezimvu luqukethe amafutha afika ku-8% kanye namaprotheni angu-6%. Ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwansuku zonke kuvame ukuba phakathi kwamalitha angu-1 kuya kwangu-2 ngesilwane ngasinye.
- Inyathi: Ezifundeni ezishisayo nezinomswakama, izinyathi zibalulekile. Ubisi lwayo lwaziswa kakhulu nge-mozzarella, ngamafutha aphakathi kuka-7 no-9%.
- Ikamela: Ibalulekile emiphakathini eyimizulane ezindaweni ezomile. Ubisi lwayo lubhekwa njengenani elikhulu lokudla okunomsoco kanye nezakhiwo zalo zokwelapha..
- I-Mare: Emathafeni ase-Asia Ephakathi, ubisi lwembila ludliwa lusha noma luvutshelwe ngendlela ye- kumis neminye imikhiqizo yendabuko.
- Imbongolo: Kubaluleke ngokumangalisayo ukufana kwalo nobisi lomuntu kanye nezicelo zalo zezimonyo nezokwelapha. Ingenye ebiza kakhulu emhlabeni.
- Yak: Okubalulekile e-Tibetan Plateau nasezindaweni eziphakeme, lapho zingekho ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezingasinda. Ubisi lwayo luyisisekelo semikhiqizo eyisisekelo yemiphakathi esezintabeni eziphakeme.
- I-Alpaca: Okubaluleke kakhulu e-Andes, lapho zonke izinsiza zisetshenziselwa ukuphila ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Ubisi lwazo, nakuba luyindlala futhi kunzima ukuluqoqa, lubalulekile ekudleni kwendawo..
- UReno: Ezifundeni ezingaphansi kwe-subarctic, i-reindeer ibiwumthombo wendabuko wobisi kubantu abathile bendabuko.
Azikho ukushoda kwezinye izinhlobo ezifana nezinyamazane, izimpungushe, amabheji, ngisho nezimvu zamanzi, okuthi, ngokwezinga elincane futhi ezimweni eziqondile kakhulu, ziye zaba imithombo yobisi olusetshenziswa abantu.
Ubisi ngaphesheya kwenkomo: izinhlobo ezingavamile kanye ne-rarities
Ukuhlukahluka kuyamangalisa. Isibonelo, eSweden baye basenga ngisho nama-moose, yize ukukhiqizwa kwawo kuncane kakhulu futhi kudinga amasu akhethekile . Kwezinye izimo, njengobisi lwembongolo, ubisi olubiza kakhulu emhlabeni lutholakala, olusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yobukhazikhazi noma ezimonyweni ngenxa yezakhiwo zalo eziyingqayizivele.
Ubisi lwekamela luwukudla okuyisisekelo e-Afrika nase-Asia, kuyilapho eNingizimu Melika, ushizi owusawoti obaluleke kakhulu wenziwa ngobisi lwe-alpaca, oluvumelana nezimo ezimbi kakhulu zasezintabeni zase-Andean. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-yak ibalulekile ekuziphiliseni kwemiphakathi yaseTibet, hhayi nje ngobisi lwayo, kodwa nasekunikezeni inyama, imicu, ngisho nokubasa ngobulongwe bayo.
Ngisho nezilwane ezincelisayo ezihlukile njenge-platypus zikhiqiza ubisi, yize zingenazo izingono: umama ukhipha ubisi ngemifantu esiswini sakhe, bese ingane ilukhotha ngqo esikhumbeni.
Izilwane ezingezona ezincelisayo ezikhiqiza ubisi olufana nobisi
Nakuba ubisi lweqiniso lungolwezilwane ezincelisayo kuphela, imvelo iyasimangaza ngezilwane eziye zakha uketshezi, nakuba lungagcini ubisi, kodwa lufeza umsebenzi ofanayo: ukondla nokuvikela amaphuphu azo . Lokhu kuguquguquka kubonisa ubuhlakani bokuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nokubaluleka kokunakekelwa kwabazali.
Phakathi kwezimo eziphawuleka kakhulu sithola:
- Amajuba: Kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane bakhiqiza lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “ubisi lwezitshalo.” Lolu ketshezi olumhlophe, olubonakalayo lukhiqizwa esikhwameni somphimbo (isitshalo) futhi luyaphindiselwa ukuze luphakele amatshwele phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala ezimbalwa. Amaprotheni aphezulu kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-lipid kusheshisa ukukhula nokuvuthwa kwezingane.
- I-Emperor penguin: Lezi zinyoni ze-polar zikhiqiza into efana nobisi, nasezitshalweni zazo, ukuze zondle amatshwele azo esimweni esinzima sase-Antarctica. Igqama ngamafutha ayo kanye namaprotheni.
- Ama-Flamingo: Ziphinde zikhiqize uketshezi lwezitshalo ukuze zondle amaphuphu azo, nakuba lokhu kungaziwa kangako umphakathi jikelele.
- I-Tsetse fly: Lesi sinambuzane sase-Afrika sidume ngokugula kokulala, kodwa futhi sikhiqiza ubisi olunobisi ngaphakathi esibelethweni sikamama ngenxa yezibungu. Lolu "bisi" luqukethe ukuhlushwa okumangazayo kwamaprotheni angu-60% kanye namafutha angu-12%.
- Amaphela (Diploptera punctata): Ezinye izinhlobo zamaphela zizala ukuze ziphile zincane, futhi ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwezibungu, zikhiqiza "ubisi" olucebile ngamakristalu amaprotheni kanye nezakhi, ezibhekwa njengenani eliphezulu kakhulu lamandla.
- I-Pseudoscorpions: Lawa ma-arachnid amancane akhiqiza uhlobo “lobisi” olunoshukela ngezindlala zesisu ukuze ondle amaphuphu awo. Ukwakheka kwawo kugqama ngoshukela omningi (kufika ku-40%) kanye namaprotheni (5%).
- I-Discus fish: Kulezi zinhlanzi zase-Amazon, eyeduna neyensikazi ikhipha amafinyila e-epidermal agcwele amasosha omzimba, amaprotheni, nezakhi, izingane zawo ezidla ngokukhuhla isikhumba sabazali bawo phakathi namasonto okuqala ezelwe.
Imininingwane kanye nelukuluku mayelana nobisi lwezilwane
Ngaphandle kwesenzo sokupha izingane, ubisi lwezilwane yisihloko esigcwele amaqiniso athakazelisayo namaqiniso amangalisayo abonisa ukuzivumelanisa nomsebenzi obalulekile walokhu kudla:
- Ukwakheka okuhlukahlukene: Ubisi lomuntu, isibonelo, lumnandi ngenxa ye-lactose, ushukela omkhulu okhona. Nokho, ubisi lwembuzi lune-asidi ehlukahlukene, kuyilapho ubisi lwezimvu lugqama ngokuba nokhilimu kanye namaphesenti amaningi amafutha.
- Ubisi oludlulele: Ubisi olumpunga lwe-seal luphethe irekhodi lokukhuluphala kakhulu (kufika ku-53%), lusiza imidlwane ukuthi imelane namakhaza asezindaweni ezishisayo, kanti ubisi lukabhejane olumnyama luwumzimba omncane kakhulu (amafutha angu-0,2% kuphela).
- Intengo nokungavamile: Ubisi lwembongolo lungabiza amanani aphezulu kakhulu, lufinyelele kuma-euro angu-40 ilitha ngenxa yokushoda kwalo kanye nezakhiwo ezizuzisayo.
- Ukushintsha umbala ne-flavour: Okudliwa yizilwane kuthinta ukunambitheka ngisho nombala wobisi lwazo: izinkomo ezifunzwa ama-beet noma izaqathe zingakhiqiza ubisi olubomvana, noma ngamanothi anephunga elimnandi uma zisebenzisa izitshalo ezifana no-anyanisi noma ugalikhi.
- Ukusetshenziswa okuningi kwezilwane zobisi: Izinhlobo eziningi, ngaphezu kobisi, zihlinzeka ngenyama, ifayibha, ukudonsa, ngisho nomquba osetshenziswa njengomanyolo noma uphethiloli, ovumelana nezidingo zemiphakathi esezindaweni ezimbi kakhulu.
- Ubisi olubilile: Emasikweni amaningi, ubisi lugaywa lube ezinye izinhlobo, njenge- kumis e-Asia Ephakathi, ushizi we-yak e-Himalaya, noma ushizi wase-Andean onosawoti owenziwe ngobisi lwe-alpaca.
Ukubaluleka kobisi ngokwesiko nezomnotho
Ukukhiqizwa kobisi kudlula indawo yebhayoloji futhi kuba into esemqoka emnothweni namasiko empucuko eminingi:
- Amasiko angomakhelwane: Ubisi lwekamela, i-yak, noma imbongolo lungase lusho umehluko phakathi kokuphila nokufa ezindaweni lapho ukulima kungenakufezwa khona.
- Imikhiqizo ye-iconic: Ushizi onjengeManchego, feta, pecorino, ne-mozzarella atholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zobisi lwezilwane nezindlela zokulondoloza eziye zavumela abantu ukuba babe nokudla okuphephile unyaka wonke.
- Ukuqamba nokujwayela: Kusukela obisini olungenayo i-pasteurized, oluguqule ukuphepha kokudla, kuya ezitolo zobisi eziyisipesheli eziku-inthanethi, ubisi luyaqhubeka nokuguqula imikhuba nomnotho wasendaweni kanye nomhlaba wonke.
- Ukusetshenziswa kanye nokusimama: Namuhla, isidingo sobisi nemikhiqizo yobisi siyaqhubeka sikhula, kodwa kunenkulumompikiswano ekhulayo ephathelene nokwelashwa kwezilwane kanye nokusimama kwemvelo kwamapulazi aqinile.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izifunda ezifana neSpain ziziqhayisa ngamazinga aphezulu okukhiqiza ubisi, kanti iSpain ihamba phambili ngokukhiqiza ubisi lwezimvu nezimbuzi ngaphakathi kwe-European Union, kanye nesikhombisa obisini lwenkomo.
Ngesikhathi esizayo lapho ujabulela ingilazi yobisi noma ushizi omuhle, cabanga ngezinhlobonhlobo ezimangalisayo zezinhlobo namasu okwenza lokhu kudla, okuhlobene kakhulu nomlando wethu kanye nokusinda, kwenzeke. Ubisi lubonisa ukusungula izinto ezintsha empilweni ekuqinisekiseni ukuqhubeka kwezidalwa zalo , futhi ukufunda kwalo nokujabulela kwalo kuyaqhubeka nokuhlinzeka ngolwazi olusha, ukunambitheka, kanye nezindlela zokuqonda indawo yethu yemvelo.