Ngokwemvelo, i Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo iye yavumela izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ukuba zivumelane nesayensi yazo yemvelo ukuze ivumelane nezimo ezibucayi, okuholela ekunyamaleni kwezitho ezingabalulekile ukuze ziphile. Isibonelo esicacile salokhu yilezi izilwane ezingenawo amehlo. Nakuba kungase kubonakale kumangalisa, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezindaweni ezihlukene ezilahlekelwe ngokuphelele umbono futhi baye bahlakulela ezinye izinzwa zokunyakaza, ukuzingela nokuzivikela.
Kusukela emihumeni emnyama kuya phansi olwandle, lezi zilwane ziye zashintsha izinto ezimangalisayo ezithatha indawo yokubona. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ezinye zezinhlobo ezimangalisa kakhulu eziye zakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwamehlo, zisizakala ezinye izinzwa ezifana thinta, the ukuzwa futhi i ukwamukela i-magnetoreception. Futhi, uma unentshisekelo ku- ukuhlukahluka kwezilwaneKuyathakazelisa ukubona ukuthi lezi zinto eziphilayo zizivumelanisa kanjani nesimiso sazo semvelo esithile.
Kungani kunezilwane ezingenamehlo?
Umbono uyithuluzi elibalulekile lokusinda ezintweni eziningi eziphilayo, kodwa ezindaweni lapho ukukhanya kungekho khona, amehlo angaba yizitho ezingadingekile kanye nezindleko zamandla ezingadingekile. Kulezi zimo, izilwane ziye zavela ngokulahlekelwa yikho konke noma ingxenye yamehlo abo nokuthuthukisa ezinye izinzwa
Lesi simo, esaziwa ngokuthi i-troglomorphism, ngokuvamile kwenzeka ezilwaneni ezihlala emihumeni (troglobites) noma ezindaweni ezijulile zolwandle, lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kungafinyeleli khona. Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kubanikeze isikhumba esibomvu, izinzwa ezithuthukisiwe, nemizimba ejwayele ukuhamba ebumnyameni.
I-Golden Mole kaDe Winton
Esinye sezibonelo ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu zokuzivumelanisa nezimo yi- Imvukuzane yegolide kaDe Winton (I-Cryptochloris wintoni). Lesi silwane esincelisayo esincane esingaphansi komhlaba, okucatshangwa ukuthi asisekho kusukela ngo-1936, saphinde satholwa eNingizimu Afrika ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka singabonakali. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nezidalwa ezihlala ngaphansi komhlaba, ungabheka isihloko esithi izilwane ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba.
Ngokuhlala emiseleni ngaphansi kwesihlabathi, le mvukuzane isilahlekelwe ngokuphelele amehlo, kwazise endaweni yawo emnyama ayiwadingi. Kunalokho, inomqondo we ukuzwa izwela kakhulu ukuyivumela ukuthi ibone ukundindizela phansi ukuze inyakaze futhi izingele izinambuzane. Ijazi layo eliminyene nelicwebezelayo liyivumela ukuba ikwazi ukutshuza kalula esihlabathini ngaphandle kobunzima.
I-Ophiocoma wendtii: inkanyezi engenamehlo
Esinye isibonelo esimangalisayo sezilwane ezingenamehlo yi- brittle starfish Ophiocoma wendtii. Nakuba ingenazo izitho zendabuko ezibonwayo, isithuthukile isikhumba se-photoreceptor okuvumela ukuthi ubone ukukhanya nezithunzi. Lokhu echinoderm Ihlala ezindaweni zamakhorali futhi emini ifihla ngaphansi kwamadwala namakhorali ukuze igweme ukukhanya okukhanyayo.
Lapho kufika ubusuku, uyaphuma ayofuna ukudla. Isikhumba sakho sisabela ekushintsheni ekukhanyeni, ukuyivumela ukuthi ibone ukuthi kukhona izilwane ezidla ezinye futhi ithole indlela yayo ebumnyameni.
Isicabucabu u-Octacilia Khezu
Kutholwe eziqongweni eziphakeme zase-Asia, i Octacilia Khezu spider Kuyicala eliyingqayizivele emhlabeni wama-arachnids. Ngokungafani nezicabucabu eziningi, ezinamahlo amaningi, lolu hlobo lulahlekelwe ngokuphelele ikhono lokubona ngenxa yokuphila kwalo imigede emnyama. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nezilwane ezihlala ezindaweni ezingenamakhaya, ungabuyekeza isihloko esithi izilwane eYurophu.
Ukuze asinde engaboni, usethuthukile izinwele zezinzwa kuzwela kakhulu ezidladleni nasemzimbeni. Lezi zinwele zibona izinguquko ekugelezeni komoya nokudlidliza phansi, okuzivumela ukuba zibone inyamazane yazo futhi zihambe kahle ebumnyameni obuphelele.
Ezinye izilwane ezingenawo amehlo
- igundane elinqunu lemvukuzane (I-Heterocephalus glaber): nakuba inamehlo, awasebenzi futhi awasebenzi noma yimuphi umsebenzi obonakalayo. Ihlala ngaphansi komhlaba futhi iziqondisa ngokusebenzisa thinta futhi i ukuzwa.
- Texas blind salamander (I-Eurycea rathbuni): itholakala emanzini angaphansi komhlaba aseTexas, ilahlekelwe ngokuphelele amehlo futhi ibona inyamazane izinzwa esikhumbeni sakho.
- I-tetra eyimpumputhe yaseMexico (I-Astyanax yaseMexico): Le nhlanzi yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba iye yavela ngokususa amehlo ayo lapho isikhulile futhi ithuthuke uhlelo lokubona ngokusekelwe ekucindezelweni kwamanzi.
- Imvukuzane enekhala lenkanyezi (I-Condylura cristata): nakuba inamehlo, indlela yayo eyinhloko yokuyibona ikhala layo, elinawo izinkulungwane zama-sensory receptors.
Ukuzijwayeza okumangazayo kokuphila ngaphandle kwamehlo
Izilwane ezilahlekelwe ukubona ziye zahlakulela ezinye izinzwa zokuvala lokhu kuntuleka. Phakathi kweziyinhloko ukuzivumelanisa yizo:
- Ukuthuthukiswa kokuthinta: Izinhlobo eziningi zandisa ukuzwela kwesikhumba noma izitho zazo ukuze zibone ukunyakaza kanye nezinguquko endaweni yazo.
- Ukukhulisa ukuzwa: Labo abahlala ebumnyameni bathembele umsindo futhi kunanela ukunyakaza, ukukhomba inyamazane futhi ugweme izilwane ezidla ezinye.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezitho ezikhethekile: Ezinye izilwane, njengemvukuzane enekhala lenkanyezi, ziye zakha izakhiwo eziyingqayizivele ukuze zizwe indawo ezizungezile ngaphandle kwesidingo salokho i-vista.
- Umbono we-Electromagnetic: Amagundane athile, njengegundane lemvukuzane yase-Afrika, angakwazi ukubona izindawo ezinozibuthe ukuze aziqondise.
Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kuye kwafakazela ukuthi kuvumelana nezimo ngendlela emangalisayo, okuvumela izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ukuba zichume endaweni lapho umbono akubalulekile. Lokho okulinganiselwe kubantu sekube umkhawulo kulezi zilwane. inzuzo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo okubavumela ukuba baphile ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
