Ukuphila okuncane kugaya ngamandla avame ukunganakwa, nakuba kusigubuzela ngokuphelele. Uma uthi nhlá, sicabanga ukuthi sinakho konke ngaphansi kokulawula, kodwa ngaphansi kobuso bokuphila kwansuku zonke, a indawo yonke ephilayo lapho kubusa izinhlobo ezincane. Leyo ndawo encane, evame ukunganakwa, igcina imikhondo ebalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi imvelo isebenza kanjani kuzo zonke izikali.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi iningi Izidalwa eziphilayo emhlabeni azikwazi ukubonakala ngaphandle kosizo, kodwa zihlala emanzini, ezweni, emoyeni, ekudleni nakuyo yonke indawo, kuhlanganise nemizimba yethu, eyezilwane nezitshalo. Kulolu hambo sizobheka ngokucophelela izibungu ezihlala phakathi kwemicu yendwangu, kuma-microorganisms e-plankton asekela wonke amaketanga e-trophic, ekwakhiweni okuhle kakhulu kokusanhlamvu kwempova kanye ku-stomata evumela amaqabunga ukuthi aphefumule. Futhi sizokwenza lokho ngeso lelukuluku, sisekelwa yizithombe nezincazelo eziveza ukwakheka, ukusebenza, nokuziphatha kwalezi zidalwa ezihlukene kakhulu.
Iplanethi engabonakali: izibalo neziqiniseko ezivula amehlo ethu
Lapho sisho njalo cishe ama-90% zezinhlobo zokuphila azibonakali ngeso lenyama, asisebenzisi ihaba, kodwa eqinisweni elisekelwa ukuhlukahluka kwe-microscopic. Amagciwane, i-archaea, i-microalgae, isikhunta esiyingqayizivele, ama-protists nezibungu ezincane Bakha i-tapestry yebhayoloji okuthi, ngaphandle kokubonwa, izwakale ezinqubweni ezinqumayo: kusukela ekukhiqizeni umoya-mpilo kuya ekuboleni kwezinto eziphilayo, edlula kuma-symbioses ayisisekelo ezitshalo nezilwane.
Umhlaba omncane Alikho elabhorethri; ikuyo yonke indawo: ethonsini lamanzi omfula, othulini lwendlu, emagxolweni esihlahla, ebusweni besikhumba sethu, noma emilonyeni yethu. Umbono akufanele wethuke, kodwa ukuqonda ukuthi ukuphila okungabonakali kusekela izilinganiso ezinkulu nokuthi iseli ngalinye, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lincane kangakanani, libamba iqhaza ekuklanyweni okukhulu kwemvelo.
Lapho okuhlala khona okuncane: amanzi, inhlabathi, umoya nezinto zethu
Uma singasondeza kunoma yiliphi ikhona, sizobona umsebenzi. I-microbial plankton Ishayela yonke imvelo, ikhiqize omunye womoya-mpilo esiwuphefumulayo futhi isebenze njengokudla kwezilwane ezingenakubalwa. Emhlabathini, amagciwane kanye nesikhunta kuhlanganisa imijikelezo yezakhi, kugaywe kabusha lokho okuwela emhlabathini ukuze kubuyiselwe ekuphileni.
Izinhlamvu, izinhlamvu zempova kanye nama-microorganisms Bahamba ngemisinga yomoya. Ezindaweni zasendlini, kusukela kukhaphethi kuya kumakhishi, izibungu eziphilayo kanye nama-biofilms angabonakali akhula ezindaweni ezincane ezinomswakama nezifudumele. Ngisho nasemizimbeni yethu, imiphakathi yamagciwane ihlangana nemisebenzi ebalulekile, kusukela ekugayeni kuya ekuvikelweni emagciwaneni.
Imindeni emikhulu ngosayizi omncane
Impilo ye-Microscopic iyi-kaleidoscope yemigqa. Izilwane, izitshalo, ulwelwe kanye nesikhunta Ziyingxenye yobubanzi obuhlanganisa izinambuzane, ama-arthropods, amagciwane, amagciwane, nezimuncagazi, i-spectrum ebonisa sonke isihlahla sokuphila ngesilinganiso esincishisiwe. Ezinye zalezi zigaba, njenge-, zingama-titan angempela okuhlukahluka: zilinganiselwa ukuthi zimele cishe u-80% wezinhlobo zezilwane ezaziwayo, inani elibeka ukuhambisana kwazo kuqala ngisho nalapho sikhuluma ngobukhulu obuncane.
Kukhona futhi idatha esifakayo: ukungena umlomo womuntu Angase abe maningi amagciwane kunabantu emhlabeni. Lesi siqhathaniso ahloselwe ukushaqisa, kodwa ukukhombisa ukujabula kanye nokuba khona yonke indawo kwe-microbial world. Phakathi kwamagciwane nezimuncagazi, siphinde sithole amasu okuziphendukela kwemvelo ahlakaniphile asukela ekungeneni kwamangqamuzana abambayo kuye emijikelezweni yokuphila eyinkimbinkimbi ezintweni ezihlukahlukene.
Izakhiwo ezimangalisayo: impova, i-stomata, izibungu kanye ne-plankton
I-Las stomata, ngokwengxenye yabo, yenza njengamasango okuphefumula emaqabunga. Ziyizimbotshana ezizungezwe amangqamuzana onogada avuleka futhi avale ukuze alawule ukushintshana kwegesi nokulahlekelwa kwamanzi. Ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu, indawo ye-stomatal iziveza njenge-mosaic eguquguqukayo, ezwela ukukhanya, i-CO2, kanye nomswakama.
Emkhakheni wasekhaya, izibungu Ziyizakhamuzi ezihlala njalo zezindwangu nothuli. Isakhiwo sazo, esinemilenze ejwayele ukuhamba phakathi kwemicu, nokudla kwazo, okukhetha izinsalela ezincane zezinto eziphilayo, kuchaza impumelelo yazo komata, omatilasi namakhethini. Noma singaziboni kodwa ukuba khona kwazo kuyisikhumbuzo sokwehlukahlukana okukhona emakhaya ethu.
El planktonKokubili impilo yezitshalo nezilwane yakha umgogodla wolwembu lokudla kwasemanzini. I-Phytoplankton inesibopho sengxenye enkulu ye-photosynthesis yomhlaba wonke; i-zooplankton inesibopho sama-crustaceans amancane nezibungu ezihambisa amandla nodaba olwandle namanzi aphakathi nezwe.
Umzimba ongaphakathi: amaseli, izicubu, kanye nemininingwane emincane
Ama-Micrographs Avumela amangqamuzana nezicubu ukuba zihlolwe ngemininingwane emangalisayo. Ama-neurons, ngezinqubo zawo ezinhle, alandelela amanethiwekhi okuxhumana asekela izimpawu zikagesi zesimiso sezinzwa. Izimpande zezinwele, ezigabeni nasekukhuliseni, zibonisa indwangu lapho uboya ngalunye buvela khona, okuhlanganisa imithambo yegazi namangqamuzana akhethekile.
Ngaphezu kwe-aesthetics, ithuluzi ukuqonda Umsebenzi. Isakhiwo nokusebenza kuyahambisana: ukwakheka kwengqamuzana lomsipha kukhombisa umsebenzi walo wokugoqa; ubuso obugoqiwe bamathumbu bukhulisa ukumuncwa; ubukhulu bodonga lwamaseli esitshalo buvikela futhi busekele. Emhlabeni we-microscopic, yonke ijika nokuthungwa kuxoxa indaba esebenzayo.
Baphila kanjani esikalini esincane: imisebenzi ebalulekile
Uku-oda lo mkhathi, kuyasiza imisebenzi ebalulekileEsikhundleni sokugxila emaqenjini e-taxonomic kuphela, ake sicabange ngokuthi izinto eziphilayo ezincane zinyakaza, zizalane kanjani, zithole amandla, zizwakale indawo yazo, futhi zizivikele kanjani. Le nhlangano esebenzayo inikezela ngemephu ecacile yokuzulazula ezinhlobonhlobo ngaphandle kokulahleka.
Isi-Movimiento
Ukuhamba nge-Microscopic Kuwubuhlakani obumsulwa bebhayoloji. I-Flagella eshaya okophephela, i-cilia ehlangana njengezigwedlo, imifudlana ye-cytoplasmic yangaphakathi, noma ukuntweza endaweni egcotshiwe konke kuyizixazululo ezihlukene zenselele efanayo: ukuhamba endaweni lapho imithetho ye-viscosity kanye ne-inertia ingabalulekile kangako.
Ukuzala
Kokuncane, amasu asheshayo Amasistimu wokuzala abonisa ukusebenza kahle. Amagciwane amaningi ahlukana ngokuhlukana okumbambili, aphindaphinde izinto zawo zofuzo futhi ahlukane abe amangqamuzana amantombazane amabili. Isikhunta nolwelwe ziyashintshana phakathi kwemijikelezo yocansi kanye neyobulili obuhlukile ukuze kwandiswe amathuba azo, futhi izimuncagazi zilungisa ukuzala kwazo kumsingathi nendawo.
Amandla nokudla
Thola amandla Yikona okubaluleke kakhulu empilweni. I-Phytoplankton ithwebula ukukhanya ukuze ikhiqize izinto eziphilayo, kuyilapho amabhaktheriya e-heterotrophic ehlisa ama-molecule ayinkimbinkimbi futhi akhiphe imisoco ohlelweni. Kukhona futhi ama-chemolithotrophs asebenzisa ama-inorganic compounds, abonisa ukuthi ukuphila kuthola amandla lapho kubonakala sengathi awekho.
Ukubona imvelo
Ngisho nangaphandle kwamehlo ayinkimbinkimbi, bona izimpawu zamakhemikhali nangokwenyama. Basondelana nezakhamzimba (i-chemotaxis enhle), basuke kubuthi (i-chemotaxis engemihle), basabela kuma-gradients alula, noma balungise iphysiology yabo ukuze iguquke ku-pH nezinga lokushisa. Ukuzwela, lapha, kuyindaba yokusinda ngokushesha.
Izindlela zokuvikela
Ukwakhiwa kwe-Biofilm Ivikela yonke imiphakathi; izindonga zamangqamuzana eziqinisiwe zimelana nokuhlaselwa; ukuhlukahluka kwe-antigenic kudida isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni. Ezilwaneni nasezitshalweni, izithiyo, izimfihlo, kanye ne-microbiota kusebenza ndawonye ukuze kuvinjwe abahlaseli abangaba abancane kakhulu.
Izithombe ezibalulekile: i-macrophotography, i-microimages kanye nemifanekiso yesayensi
Igalari efanelekile izithombe ezinkulu, izithombe ezincane nama-micrographs ihlanganisa izinsiza ukuze ibonise ngokucacile amafomu okuphila, amaseli, nezicubu. I-Macrophotography iletha imininingwane ebonakalayo ngeso lenyama eduze, i-optical and electron microscopy ivula amafasitela ukuze ibe nezikali ezincane, futhi umfanekiso wesayensi wengeza umongo kanye nezendlalelo ezichazayo mayelana nesakhiwo nomsebenzi.
Imifanekiso Abawona umhlobiso; banolwazi olujulile. Zisivumela ukuthi sihlonze izingxenye ezibalulekile, siqhathanise izinhlobonhlobo ze-morphological, futhi senze izinqubo ezibonakalayo zingabonakali ngeso, njengokugeleza kwangaphakathi noma izinguquko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma umbhalo nesithombe kusekelana, ukuqonda kuyaphindwa.
Ireferensi ephelele emhlabeni wemvelo
Ngaphandle kokumangala, ingxenye yereferensi eqinile Ukubuka okuphelele kwamaqembu amakhulu ezidalwa eziphilayo kubaluleke kakhulu: kusukela ezilwaneni nasezitshalweni kuya kulwelwe, isikhunta, izinambuzane, ama-arthropods, amagciwane, amagciwane, nezimuncagazi. I-comendum ehlelwe kahle isiza abafisa ukwazi nabafundi ngokufanayo, futhi yenza kube lula ukuphindela emuva emiqondweni ebalulekile uma kuphakama imibuzo.
Ngalowo mqondo, ikhathalogi Ingxenye ebanzi ehlanganisa imibuso emikhulu nezinhlu zozalo zesihlahla sokuphila iwusizo ngokukhethekile. Ukuba namashidi olwazi acacile anezici ezihlukile nezibonelo kwenza ukuhlola i-microworld kube okuhlangenwe nakho okuqondisiwe nokuqinile.
Okuncane okusekela okukhulu: kungani i-microscopic ibalulekile
Uma sicabanga ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ngokuvamile sicabanga amahlathi noma izixhobo, kodwa biodiversity microscopic isekela lezi zimo. Ukugaywa kabusha komsoco, ukukhiqizwa okuyisisekelo, i-symbiosis enezimpande noma amathumbu, nokuzivikela emagciwaneni konke kuncike kakhulu emiphakathini engabonakali. Ukuziqonda kusiza ukuhumusha izenzakalo zomhlaba ezifana nokuvunda kwenhlabathi, impilo yabantu, kanye nezinguquko kuwebhu yokudla.
Umbuso womzimba ohlukileIsikali se-microscopic akuyona nje indaba yosayizi. Indawo engaphezulu ibusa phezu kwevolumu, ukusabalalisa kubusa inertia, futhi ama-gradient asendaweni anquma ikusasa leseli. Ukuqonda le mithetho kuchaza ukuthi kungani izixazululo zokuziphendukela kwemvelo zento encane zingahlali zifana nezezinto eziphilayo ezinkulu.
Okuqukethwe kuhlelwe imisebenzi yokuphila
Indlela ewusizo kakhulu yokufunda hlela ulwazi ngokwemisebenzi ebalulekile: ukunyakaza, ukukhiqiza kabusha, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kanye nokudla, ukubona kwemvelo, nokuvikela. Le ndlela ivumela ukuqhathaniswa kwezixazululo zokuziphendukela kwemvelo phakathi kwemigqa ehlukene ebhekene nenkinga efanayo, okugqamisa ukuhlangana nokuqhathanisa.
Umbono osebenzayo Ihlanganisa ne-taxonomics ukunikeza isithombe esiphelele: ubani nokuthi inselele ngayinye ixazululwa kanjani. Ngale ndlela, asibabazi nje ubuhle be-micrograph, kodwa futhi siyaqonda ukuthi kwenzakalani nokuthi kungani.
Kubathandi bezithombe, imvelo kanye nebhayoloji
Uma uthanda ukuthwebula imininingwane noma ukucwilisa isayensi, idili elibukwayo nelinomqondo Okuhlangenwe nakho okunikezwa umhlaba omncane akunakuvinjelwa. Ukuthungwa, imibala, namaphethini avela njengoba isikali sikhuphuka kuyamangaza, kodwa isici esinamandla ukuhlanganisa lobo buhle nezincazelo ezicacile ze-anatomy nezinqubo. Kule nhlanganisela, ukufunda okukhumbulekayo kuvela.
Ubuhle ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu Akuwona nje umushwana omuhle: ngokubheka, ukuchaza, nokuqonda, siba abatoliki abangcono balokho okwenzeka eduze kwethu. Ukuqaphela okuncane kusifundisa ukufunda kangcono okukhulu.
Ilukuluku elikhulisa umbono
Kukhona ukuqhathanisa okunamathela kuwe. Ubuningi be-Microbial -njengombono wokuthi amagciwane amaningi ahlala emlonyeni womuntu kunabantu emhlabeni - asisiza ukuba silinganise ubuningi bamagciwane. Lesi akusona isibalo okufanele sikhathazeke ngaso, kodwa into yokuhlola indima yale miphakathi kwezempilo kanye nokulingana kwemvelo esiyingxenye yako.
Elinye iqiniso elibalulekile: I-80% yezinhlobo zezilwane Izilwane zigxile ezinambuzaneni. Lokhu kuchaza ubukhona bazo obumangalisayo cishe kuzo zonke izimiso zemvelo kanye nokuhlukahluka kwazo kwezinhlobo, imijikelezo yempilo, nokuziphatha, okuningi kwakho okwenzeka ezigabeni ezincane noma ezingabonakali.
Ngale Kwengilazi Ekhulisayo: Ukuhamba Nogqozi
Ilukuluku mayelana nokuncane ngokuvamile lihambisana nothando lokuhlola. Iziteshi zokuhamba Ukwabelana ngezindawo nama-flavour emhlabeni jikelele kungase kubonakale kukude kusibonakhulu, kodwa zombili izindlela zisuka esimweni sengqondo esifanayo: isifiso sokuthola. Namuhla, kungenzeka ukuthi uthole okuqukethwe okukhuthazayo ngezinkundla zemiyalezo ukuze wandise ulwazi lwakho ephaketheni lakho.
Izindaba ezixoxwa kahle Bakhulisa isayensi nokuxhumana. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubuka i-stoma sivuleka futhi sivala noma ubuka indawo ekude, empeleni uqeqesha amehlo akho ukuze abone amaphethini, imininingwane, nokuxhumana. Lokho kuyisihluthulelo sokufunda okujulile nokuthokoza.
Indlela yokubheka ukuqonda
Ukuze ucindezele amandla okufundisa ezithombe, ukusondeza okukhethiwe ukushintshanisa nokubuka komhlaba kusebenza kangcono kakhulu. Okokuqala, khomba konke; bese, ubheka ukuthungwa, umngcele, noma umumo ophakamisa umsebenzi. Imibuzo eyisiqondiso njengokuthi iyiphi inzuzo ehlinzekwa yilesi sakhiwo noma ukuthi ingena kanjani ku-ecosystem isiza ukushintsha ukubuka kube ukuqonda.
Izichasiselo nemidwebo Baphelelisana nesithombe. Ukubonisa isiqondiso sokugeleza, ukujiya kodonga, noma indawo yembotshana kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yemfundo. Ngezinye izikhathi, umfanekiso ocatshangelwe kahle usho lokho isithombe esisodwa esihlulekayo ukukuveza.
Umhlahlandlela osebenzayo wokuhlola umhlaba omncane
Uma ucabanga ukuhlela izikhathi zakho zokubuka noma zokufunda, bahlele ngemisebenzi yokuphila (ukunyakaza, ukuzala, amandla nokudla, ukubona, nokuzivikela) kuyisu elihle. Chitha isikhathi endaweni ngayinye, bheka izibonelo emaqenjini ahlukene (izitshalo, ulwelwe, isikhunta, amagciwane, ama-arthropods), bese uqhathanisa nezixazululo. Ubuchopho bufunda ngokuqhathanisa.
Ukuvala ibhulokhi ngayinye, ishidi lokubhekisela ngezincazelo, izithombe ezibalulekile, namaqiniso ambalwa athakazelisayo. Leli shidi, eliphindaphindiwe ngezikhathi ezimbalwa, lizoba ikhathalogi yakho yomuntu siqu ye-microworld, ithuluzi elisheshayo lokubuyekeza uma unemibuzo.
Okungabonwayo nalokho okuqondwayo
Ekugcineni, qonda kangcono Esikubonayo inhloso. Isibonakhulu siyindlela yokuveza, kodwa umongo uyadingeka ukuze kuhunyushwe. Yingakho izigaba ezihlanganisa izithombe ezimangalisayo nezincazelo ezicacile kanye nokufakwa okubanzi kwamaqembu amakhulu omhlaba wemvelo ziwusizo kakhulu.
Ihlungwe ngemisebenzi ebalulekile Isiza ukufunda. Ukwazi ukuthi esahlukweni esisodwa uzobona umnyakazo, kwesinye ukukhiqizwa kabusha, noma kwezinye izindlela zokuzivikela kudala okulindelekile, kuqondise ukunakwa, futhi kunciphisa umuzwa wokuphazamiseka lapho kubhekwa ukuhlukahluka okuningi.
Okuncane kuyasondelana uma sikubhekisisa futhi sikulandisa ngokuqina. Kusukela ezinhlamvini zempova kuya ku-stomata, kusukela kumakhaphethi kuya ku-plankton yasolwandle, kusukela kuma-neuron kuya ezinhlamvini zezinwele, yonke into ingena ku-mosaic echaza ukuthi imvelo iphila kanjani ngaphansi. Engeza okuhle igalari ye-macrophotography, izithombe ezincane kanye nama-micrographs; ukuwasekela ngemifanekiso ecazulula ukwakheka nokusebenza; ukuba nenkomba ebanzi ehlanganisa izilwane, izitshalo, ulwelwe, isikhunta, izinambuzane, ama-arthropods, amagciwane, amagciwane kanye nezilokazane; ukuhlela yonke into emayelana nokunyakaza, ukuzala, amandla nokudla, ukubona nokuzivikela; futhi, njengoqweqwe lwekhekhe, ukuba ne-a isigaba sohlobo lwekhathalogi Izinsiza ezibanzi nezifundisayo zezingane ezinezitolimende ezintsha zamasonto onke kanye neziteshi zokubamba iqhaza ezifana ne-www.cumbrekids.org/preguntas kanye ne-www.cumbrekids.org/saludos, kuyindlela ephelele yokufunda nokujabulela izimfihlo zempilo ngamafuphi.
